The Therapeutic Significance of Pulse Reverse Osmosis

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G.R. Prior ◽  
V. Morecroft ◽  
T. Gourlay ◽  
K.M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Pulse Reverse ◽  
The Mean

Pulse reverse osmosis (1) is a new theory of fluid balance and exchange which suggests that the mean blood pressure and osmotic gradient control fluid balance and that the pulse controls fluid exchange. In vitro testing has confirmed some of the physico chemical principles underlying the theory (2). The hypothesis suggests a relationship between mean capillary blood pressure and osmotic gradient. Imbalance in this relationship can be related to the development of hypertension, hypotension, oedema and shock. In an attempt to test this concept mean blood pressures and colloid osmotic pressures were measured and compared in a group of 50 healthy human volunteers. The results suggest a curvilinear correlation between the mean blood pressure and the COP.

Blood Pressure and Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006-1007
Author(s):  
EDWARD H. PERRY ◽  
HENRIETTA S. BADA ◽  
JOHN D. DAY ◽  
SHELDON B. KORONES ◽  
KRISTOPHER L. ARHEART ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Stability Boundary ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Increase ◽  
Blood Pressure Increase ◽  
The Mean

In Reply.— We appreciate the interest and comments of Drs Puccio and Soliani regarding our article "Blood Pressure Increase, Birth Weight Dependent Stability Boundary and Intraventricular Hemorrhage."1 In response, we address the following points: 1. Although mean blood pressure (BP) values greater than 100 mm Hg were observed in some of our patients, these were quite rare. The mean BP was found to be less than 60 mm Hg 99% of the time. Thus, unless one is recording BPs through long periods and sampling quite often, the brief spikes likely would not be observed.

Pulse reverse osmosis: a new theory in the maintenance of fluid balance

Perfusion ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fgr Prior ◽  
T. Gourlay ◽  
KM Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Pulse Reverse

A Comparative Study Between Efficacy Of Esmolol And Lignocaine For Attenuating Haemodynamics Response Due To Laryngoscopy And Endotracheal Intubation

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Begum ◽  
P Akter ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
SMA Alim ◽  
UHS Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Anaesthetic Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Haemodynamic stability is an integral and essential goal of any anaesthetic management plan. Laryngoscopy and intubation can cause striking changes in haemodynamics. Increase in blood pressure and heart rate occurs most commonly from reflex sympathetic and vagal discharge in response to laryngotracheal stimulation, which in turn leads to increased plasma norepinephrine concentration. This study was designed to compare efficacy of esmolol and lignocaine for attenuating haemodynamics response due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Esmolol with that of Lignocaine to attenuate the detrimental rise in heart rate and blood pressure during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. One hundred and twenty adult patients randomized into group-L and group-E, were received lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg and Esmolol 1.5 mg/kg I.V. respectively. Heart rate and blood pressure in each minutes for the 10 minutes after intubation was recorded. Time span around intubation up to 4 minutes has been looked specifically to isolate the effect of the study drugs at the time of intubation. For statistical analysis Student's 't' test was used for comparing means of quantitative data and chi-square test was used for qualitative data. Difference was considered statistically significant if p<0.05. The mean heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, and rate-pressure product before starting anesthesia were similar in group-L (Lignocaine group) and in group-E (Esmolol group) (p>0.05). The mean values of heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, and rate-pressure product at 2, 3 and 4 minutes after intubation were significantly lower in group-E than group-L (p<0.05). In conclusion, esmolol 1.5 mg/kg is superior to lignocaine (1.5 mg/kg) for attenuation of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Key words: Haemodynamics; heart rate; intubation; esmolol; lignocaine DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i1.6810Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(1):25-28

Serum Potassium Concentration and Use of Ouabain in Experimental Tourniquet Shock

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Rosse ◽  
A. L. Bennett ◽  
A. R. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Potassium Level ◽  
Serum Potassium Level ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Potassium Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Tourniquet Shock ◽  
The Mean

Shock was induced in dogs by the release of tourniquets which had been applied to the hind legs for 5 hours. The serum potassium level was followed by spaced sampling. It was seen to rise slightly (from an average of 4.02 mEq/l. to an average of 4.66 mEq/l.) during the prerelease period. Five minutes after the release of the tourniquets, the level had risen to an average of 7.50 mEq/l. and thirty minutes after the release, it had risen to an average of 8.56 mEq/l. At the critical point in the progress of the syndrome (when the mean blood pressure was approximately 50 mm Hg) the average value was 8.46 mEq/l. Ouabain was administered and the level of serum potassium was seen to rise, attaining values as high as 14.67 mEq/l. in one case. The results and significance of these increased levels are briefly discussed as well as an animadversion upon the effects of ouabain on the mean blood pressure.

Effects of intravenous nitroglycerin on the intracranial pressure and volume pressure response

1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaleb A. Ghani ◽  
Yung Fong Sung ◽  
Michael S. Weinstein ◽  
George T. Tindall ◽  
Alan S. Fleischer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Intravenous Nitroglycerin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventricular Fluid Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Ventricular fluid pressure (VFP) and volume-pressure response were measured during nitroglycerin (NTG) infusion in nine patients anesthetized with N2O and fentanyl. The patients' ventilation was controlled, and PaCO2 was kept at 32 ± 4 mm Hg. When an infusion of 0.01% NTG was given intravenously to decrease the mean blood pressure to 95.1%, 84.7%, and 78.2% of control, the VFP increased from control levels of 9.94 ± 2.14 mm Hg to 12.89 ± 2.25, 15.6 ± 2.85, and 14.43 ± 3.45 mm Hg, respectively. The volume-pressure response showed a significant increase when blood pressure decreased to 84.7% and 78.2% of control. These results suggest that intravenous NTG caused an increase in the intracranial pressure and a decrease in the intracranial compliance.

Decreased nephron population resulting from increased ureteral pressure

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Malvin ◽  
Howard Kutchai ◽  
Fred Ostermann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Glomerular Capillary ◽  
Glomerular Capillary Pressure ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
The Mean

The glucose Tm and GFR were determined for each kidney in anesthetized dogs. After three control periods a hydrostatic pressure was applied to one ureter. This resulted in a decrease in GFR over all ranges of ureteral pressures. Tm glucose remained essentially unchanged until the ureteral pressure was elevated to more than 30% of mean blood pressure. At ureteral pressures greater than this, Tm glucose was significantly depressed. The data were used in an attempt to calculate the range and the mean glomerular capillary pressure.

Ventilatory mechanics in hypovolemic shock

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Cahill ◽  
John J. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ventilatory Mechanics

In order to study ventilatory mechanics in shock, dogs were bled arterially into a reservoir, the height of which was regulated to keep the mean blood pressure of the animal at approximately 30 mm Hg. When the animal “took up” 40% of his maximal shed volume of blood (2–3 hr), the remainder of the blood was reinfused and the animal assumed to be in irreversible shock. Studies throughout the stages of hypovolemic and irreversible shock revealed a significant rise in lung compliance and a fall in combined viscous and air-flow resistance initially if the animal's lungs were carefully inflated prior to each study. As shock continued, there was a tendency for the lung compliance and resistance to air flow to return in the direction of the control values. Submitted on October 29, 1962

Carotid Blood Pressure in Normal and Tumor-Bearing Mice

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachindra N. Pradhan ◽  
Betty Achinstein ◽  
Murray J. Shear
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Sarcoma 37 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pressure Changes

Blood pressure was measured directly in mice after cannulation of the carotid artery. The anesthetic was urethan in a single intraperitoneal dose of 1.4–1.6 mg/gm. The apparatus was a Technitrol Lilly manometer, or a Statham physiological transducer (Model P 23 D) with a Brush ‘Universal analyzer.’ The blood pressure was continuously recorded in some 400 CAF1 mice, both normal and bearers of Sarcoma 37. In 166 mice without tumor, the mean blood pressure varied from 35–110 mm of mercury; the average was 71 with a S.E. of ± 1. In 233 mice bearing 6-day-old implants of Sarcoma 37, the pressure varied from 40–110 mm.; the average was 78 ± 1 mm. Under these conditions of continuous recording of arterial blood pressure, about 40% of the animals lived for 2 hours; a few survived as long as 6 hours. The various patterns of blood pressure changes are described and illustrated.

Cardiovascular Functions Under Chloralose-Urethane and 21-Hydroxypregnane-3,20 Dione Sodium Succinate (Viadril)

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther M. Greisheimer ◽  
Dorothy W. Ellis ◽  
George H. Stewart ◽  
Lydia Makarenko ◽  
M. J. Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cardiovascular Functions

Fifty-five determinations of cardiovascular functions were made on eight dogs under chloralose-urethane anesthesia and forty-one on six dogs under 21-hydroxypregnane-3,20 dione sodium succinate (Viadril). No preanesthetic medication was used. Cardiac output was determined by the dye dilution technique, using the cuvette oximeter. Blood pressure was determined by strain gauge. The mean values found under chloralose-urethane were: cardiac index 4.08, mean blood pressure 146 mm Hg, peripheral resistance 5709 dynes/sec/cm–5, heart rate 149 beats/min. and stroke index 27 cc. The mean values found under 21-hydroxypregnane-3, 20 dione sodium succinate were: cardiac index 5.15, mean blood pressure 104 mm Hg, peripheral resistance 3997 dynes/sec/cm–5, heart rate 172 beats/min. and stroke index 29 cc. When successive determinations were made within a short period of time, the cardiac index and stroke index increased, peripheral resistance decreased and blood pressure and heart rate remained fairly steady.

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