Entitlement in Higher Education: Evaluating the Measurement Invariance Properties of the Academic Entitlement Questionnaire

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jam Khojasteh ◽  
Ashley Keener
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Academic Entitlement ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Invariance Properties ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
Metric Invariance

Self-report instruments are commonly used in the educational and behavioral sciences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the measurement invariance properties of the Academic Entitlement Questionnaire (AEQ) developed by Kopp, Zinn, Finney, and Jurich, across gender and college rank (i.e., lower classmen, upper classmen, and graduate students). Partial metric and scalar invariance was established for the AEQ across gender. In relation to college rank, partial metric invariance was met, but scalar invariance did not hold. The results of the study may benefit educational researchers who are interested in using the AEQ or examining attributes that may be associated with academic entitlement.

Measurement Invariance of Three Brief Measures of Rumination in Young Adults With and Without a History of Self-Injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kate E. Tonta ◽  
Penelope Hasking ◽  
Mark Boyes ◽  
Joel Howell ◽  
Peter McEvoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Total N ◽  
Thought Style ◽  
Configural Invariance ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
Metric Invariance

Abstract. Rumination is central to understanding the onset and maintenance of non-suicidal self-injury. Yet, no study has evaluated whether reported differences in rumination between people with and without a history of self-injury represent genuine group differences. The present study reports an investigation into the measurement invariance of three common measures of rumination in university students with and without a history of self-injury (total N = 1,519). Results revealed configural invariance for the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ), and the Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire (RTQ). Additionally, the RTSQ and RTQ supported metric invariance, while the RRS supported partial metric invariance. Further, the RTQ demonstrated partial scalar invariance while the RTSQ demonstrated full scalar invariance. The current findings suggest that observed differences using the RTSQ and RTQ reflect genuine differences in rumination between people with and without a history of self-injury, while researchers using the RRS are advised to account for differential item functioning.

Reliability, Validity, Factor Structure, and Measurement Invariance of the Japanese Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-349
Author(s):  
Fumio Someki ◽  
Masafumi Ohnishi ◽  
Mikael Vejdemo-Johansson ◽  
Kazuhiko Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
North American ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
Adhd Rating Scales

To examine reliability, validity, factor structure, and measurement invariance (i.e., configural, metric, and scalar invariance) of the Japanese Conners’ Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Rating Scales (CAARS), Japanese nonclinical adults ( N = 786) completed the CAARS Self-Report (CAARS-S). Each participant was also rated by one observer using the CAARS Observer Form (CAARS-O). For the test of measurement invariance, excerpts from the original (North American) CAARS norming data ( N = 500) were used. Dimensional structure was examined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were satisfactory. Based on the DSM-IV model and Japanese four-factor model, configural and metric invariance were established for the CAARS-S/O across Japanese and North American populations. Scalar invariance was established for the CAARS-O based on the Japanese model. The use of the Japanese CAARS for diagnostic purposes in Japan was supported; however, it should be used with caution for cross-cultural comparison research.

scholarly journals Comparing Social Anxiety in Japanese and European Americans: Integrating Measurement Invariance and Prototype Analyses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Krieg ◽  
Yiyuan Xu ◽  
David C Cicero ◽  
Sousuke Miyamoto ◽  
Hanna Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Configural Invariance ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Scalar Invariant ◽  
The Social ◽  
Item Content ◽  
Scalar Invariance

Objectives: The current studies examined measurement invariance and prototypical symptoms when comparing social anxiety between Japanese and European Americans. Methods: Study 1 investigated configural, metric, and scalar invariance for the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), and their respective short forms (SPS-6 and SISA-6), among 163 Japanese and 193 European Americans. Study 2 examined 20 Japanese and 20 European Americans' responses to a social anxiety prototype vignette and investigated the emotional valence and content themes surrounding the generated descriptions.Results: Study 1 results supported partial scalar invariance of SPS-6 and SIAS-6, partial metric invariance for SIAS, and configural invariance for SPS. Study 2 found that although most descriptors generated by both groups were negative attributes, Japanese mentioned more neutral attributes that European Americans. Both groups mentioned similar percentages of descriptors consistent with the SPS and SIAS, but the non-invariant item content related to physiological anxiety such as fainting and becoming ill were mentioned more often by European Americans whereas the scalar invariant item content related to communication skills, such as mixing comfortably with others and difficulty talking with other people, were mentioned more often by Japanese.Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to integrate evidence of both measurement invariance and cultural validity in understanding and measurement of psychopathology across cultures.

scholarly journals Finding clusters of groups with measurement invariance: Unraveling intercept non-invariance with mixture multigroup factor analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim De Roover
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Behavioral Research ◽  
Invariant Factor ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Latent Constructs ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
Metric Invariance ◽  
Latent Means

Comparisons of latent constructs across groups are ubiquitous in behavioral research and, nowadays, often numerous groups are involved. Measurement invariance of the constructs across the groups is imperative for valid comparisons and can be tested by multigroup factor analysis. For many groups, metric invariance (invariant factor loadings) often holds, whereas scalar invariance (invariant intercepts) is rarely supported. Scalar invariance is a prerequisite for comparing latent means, however. One may inspect group-specific intercepts to pinpoint non-invariances, but this is a daunting task in case of many groups. This paper presents mixture multigroup factor analysis (MMG-FA) for clustering groups based on their intercepts. Clusters of groups with scalar invariance are obtained by imposing cluster-specific intercepts and invariant loadings whereas unique variances, factor means and factor (co)variances can differ between groups. Thus, MMG-FA ties down the number of intercepts to inspect and generates clusters of groups wherein latent means can be validly compared.

Assessing Perceptions of Programming Education Among P-12 School Teachers and Principals: A Multigroup Invariance Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siu-Cheung Kong ◽  
Yi-Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Programming Education ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
Metric Invariance

This study aims to establish a robust measurement to obtain a comprehensive understanding of perceptions of programming education (POPE) of teacher and principal groups. In this study, the POPE scale contains three dimensions: (a) understanding in programming (UP), (b) support for programming (SP), and (c) expectation of programming (EP). Self-reported questionnaires were administrated among 258 teachers and 229 principals. Multigroup analyses were used among the two groups. The results of measurement invariance tests show that configural and metric invariance are fully supported, and scalar invariance is partially supported, suggesting the factor structures, loadings, and most item intercepts of the POPE scale are equivalent across the groups examined. Implications of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals Measurement Invariance of Perfectionism Measures in Students with and without a History of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10171
Author(s):  
Kate E. Tonta ◽  
Mark Boyes ◽  
Joel Howell ◽  
Peter McEvoy ◽  
Penelope Hasking
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Residual Error ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Total N ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metric Invariance

Perfectionism is a transdiagnostic process which may be implicated in the onset and maintenance of non-suicidal self-injury. No study has evaluated whether reported differences in perfectionism between individuals with and without a history of self-injury represent genuine group differences or measurement artefacts. The present study reports an investigation of the measurement invariance of two common scales of perfectionism, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Brief (FMPS-Brief) and the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ), among university students (Mage = 20.48, SDage = 2.22, 75.3% female, 22.8% male) with and without a history of self-injury (total n = 711). Results revealed full residual error invariance for the two-factor model of FMPS-Brief, while the bifactor model of the FMPS-Brief and the two-factor model of the CPQ demonstrated partial metric invariance. Accounting for partial metric invariance, the bifactor model of the FMPS-Brief also demonstrated partial residual error invariance. The current findings suggest that observed differences using the FMPS-Brief reflect genuine differences in perfectionism between individuals with and without a history of self-injury. Further, while researchers using the bi-factor model can have confidence that the general factor can adequately assess group differences, differential item functioning should be considered if using the strivings and concerns factors. Finally, in the current data, the CPQ did not perform as expected in baseline model fit and future research should replicate assessments of measurement invariance in this measure.

scholarly journals Finding clusters of groups with measurement invariance: Unraveling intercept non-invariance with mixture multigroup factor analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim De Roover
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Behavioral Research ◽  
Invariant Factor ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Latent Constructs ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
Metric Invariance ◽  
Latent Means

Comparisons of latent constructs across groups are ubiquitous in behavioral research and, nowadays, often numerous groups are involved. Measurement invariance of the constructs across the groups is imperative for valid comparisons and can be tested by multigroup factor analysis. For many groups, metric invariance (invariant factor loadings) often holds, whereas scalar invariance (invariant intercepts) is rarely supported. Scalar invariance is a prerequisite for comparing latent means, however. One may inspect group-specific intercepts to pinpoint non-invariances, but this is a daunting task in case of many groups. This paper presents mixture multigroup factor analysis (MMG-FA) for clustering groups based on their intercepts. Clusters of groups with scalar invariance are obtained by imposing cluster-specific intercepts and invariant loadings whereas unique variances, factor means and factor (co)variances can differ between groups. Thus, MMG-FA ties down the number of intercepts to inspect and generates clusters of groups wherein latent means can be validly compared.

Assessing cross-national invariance of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2600-2607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baptiste Pignon ◽  
Hugo Peyre ◽  
Aziz Ferchiou ◽  
Jim van Os ◽  
Bart P. F. Rutten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Community Assessment ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Configural Invariance ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Cross National

AbstractBackgroundThe Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) is a 42-item self-report questionnaire that has been developed and validated to measure the dimensions of psychosis in the general population. The CAPE has a three-factor structure with dimensions of positive, negative and depression. Assessing the cross-national equivalence of a questionnaire is an essential prerequisite before pooling data from different countries. In this study, our aim was to investigate the measurement invariance of the CAPE across different countries.MethodsData were drawn from the European Union Gene-Environment Interaction (EU-GEI) study. Participants (incident cases of psychotic disorder, controls and siblings of cases) were recruited in Brazil, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and UK. To analyse the measurement invariance across these samples, we tested configural invariance (i.e. identical structures of the factors), metric invariance (i.e. equivalence of the factor loadings) and scalar invariance (i.e. equivalence of the thresholds) of the three CAPE dimensions using multigroup categorical confirmatory factor analysis methods.ResultsThe configural invariance model fits well, providing evidence for identical factorial structure across countries. In comparison with the configural model invariance, the fit indices were very similar in the metric and scalar invariance models, indicating that factor loadings and thresholds did not differ across the six countries.ConclusionWe found that, across six countries, the CAPE showed equivalent factorial structure, factor loadings and thresholds. Thus, differences observed in scores between individuals from different countries should be considered as reflecting different levels of psychosis.

scholarly journals Measurement Equivalence of Nationalism and Constructive Patriotism in the ISSP: 34 Countries in a Comparative Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldad Davidov
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
Measurement Metric ◽  
International Social ◽  
Metric Invariance

Studies on national identity differentiate between nationalistic attitudes and constructive patriotism (CP) as two more specific expressions of national identity and as theoretically two distinct concepts. After a brief discussion of the theoretical literature, the following questions are examined: (1) Can nationalism and CP be empirically identified as two distinct concepts?; (2) Is their meaning fully or partially invariant across countries?; and (3) Is it possible to compare their means across countries? Data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) 2003 National Identity Module are utilized to answer these questions in a sample of 34 countries. Items to measure nationalism and CP are chosen based on the literature, and a series of confirmatory factor analyses to test for configural, measurement (metric), and scalar invariance are performed. Full or partial metric invariance is a necessary condition for equivalence of meaning across cultures and for a meaningful comparison of associations with other theoretical constructs. Scalar invariance is a necessary condition for comparison of means across countries. Findings reveal that nationalism and CP emerge as two distinct constructs. However, in some countries, some items that were intended to measure one construct also measure the other construct. Furthermore, configural and metric invariance are found across the full set of 34 countries. Consequently, researchers may now use the ISSP data to study relationships among nationalism, CP, and other theoretical constructs across these nations. However, the analysis did not support scalar invariance, making it problematic for comparing the means of nationalism and CP across countries.

The Relationship Between Texture Responses on the Rorschach and Adult Attachment

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Iwasa ◽  
Toshiki Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Sensitive Measure ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the relationship between texture responses (T) on the Rorschach and adult attachment in the Japanese population. 47 Japanese undergraduate and graduate students (mean age = 20.16, SD = 1.87) completed a self-report adult attachment scale as well as the Rorschach. An ANOVA revealed that T = 1 participants were attached more securely than were other groups. T > 1 participants were more preoccupied with attachment and scored higher on an attachment anxiety scale than the T = 1 group. Although these results were consistent with the interpretation of the texture response according to the Comprehensive System (CS), the results obtained for T = 0 participants were inconsistent with hypotheses derived from the CS. T = 0 participants were high on preoccupied and attachment anxiety scores, although they were theoretically expected to be high on dismissing or attachment avoidance. These results indicated that – at least in Japan – T should be regarded as a sensitive measure of attachment anxiety.

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