The birth of the legend: The odyssey of the cruiser Emden as presented by German daily newspapers, 1914–1915

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-568
Author(s):  
Jarosław Suchoples
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Positive Element ◽  
The Public ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
The Press ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
German People ◽  
Military Tradition

From August to early November 1914, the effectiveness of a lone German commerce-raider, the light cruiser Emden eventually brought the bulk of Allied cargo-shipping in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean to a virtual halt, thus hampering their war effort in Europe. Although the Emden was finally destroyed at the battle of the Cocos Islands, the press were able to continue the story relating the daring escape of some of her crew. The escapees got away from Direction Island in the Cocos in a requisitioned sailing schooner, the Ayesha. What followed were several months of dangerous and arduous progress first through the Indian Ocean, then through Arabia, finally reaching Constantinople and thence to Germany. Theirs was the only German military unit that returned home from overseas and their story was a gift for German propagandists. Scanning the contemporary German newspapers it becomes clear that they were determined to make the most of this story. It was about German seafarers whose courage and chivalrous attitude towards their enemies should be publicly recognised. It was likewise appreciated by the British. During 1914 and 1915, the German daily press kept the public regularly informed about the Emden whenever there was any news. The legend steadily grew to become a permanent and indisputably positive element of the German collective memory and military tradition. Because the news only came intermittently it became all the more exciting for their readers to follow. The press material is stored as a collection of clippings in the Federal Archive (Bundesarchiv) in Berlin, which clearly shows how the narrative unfolded. It was soon taken up by the German propaganda machine to boost the morale of the German people. Reading the articles it is clear that the editors seized upon this as a story of heroic deeds, allowing them to present their countrymen as super-men who proved the superiority of the German fighting man.

scholarly journals A IMPRENSA DO SEGUNDO REINADO NO PROCESSO POLÍTICO-CONSTITUCIONAL: FORÇA MORAL E OPINIÃO PÚBLICA / THE SECOND REIGN PRESS IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS: MORAL STRENGTH AND PUBLIC OPINION

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Judá Leão Lobo ◽  
Luís Fernando Lopes Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
The Press ◽  
Constitutional Monarchy

Este artigo delineia as principais características da imprensa durante o reinado de D. Pedro II e busca explicar o porquê de ter sido tão poderosa instituição no processo político-constitucional do período por meio da comparação da alta e da baixa cultura jurídica, uma baseada no pensamento constitucional e outra na imprensa diária, respectivamente. Por tal procedimento, buscamos desvelar a íntima conexão entre esses dois polos do espectro jurídico, assim como a especificidade da opinião pública brasileira durante o Segundo Reinado. Ambos os resultados foram atingidos por abordagem empírica de fontes primárias produzidas no período, tais como livros de autores destacados e debates públicos surgindo de periódicos diários de Curitiba, a capital da recém-estabelecida província do Paraná. Havendo condições sociais, políticas, teóricas e institucionais favoráveis, a imprensa era, sem rival, a principal instituição representando a opinião pública no processo constitucional. Embora deputados e senadores tivessem amplo direito à liberdade de expressão na tribuna e cidadãos comuns pudessem interferir nos negócios públicos pelo direito de petição, a imprensa superou tais direitos e se tornou verdadeiro Tribunal da Opinião Pública. Contudo, os critérios pelos quais a poderosa instituição julgava decisões políticas e administrativas eram mais morais que legais, e a legalidade era menos importante que a força moral. Com efeito, sanções previstas em lei eram frequentemente negligenciadas, enquanto a responsabilidade moral estendia seus vereditos inclusive a casos que observavam os preceitos legais. PALAVRAS-CHAVEForça moral. Liberdade de imprensa. Monarquia Constitucional brasileira. Opinião Pública. Responsabilidade moral.  ABSTRACT This article sets forth the main features of the press during the reign of Pedro II and tries to explain the reasons why it was such a powerful institution in the constitutional ongoing process of the period, and so by bringing the upper legal reasoning of the Constitutional Monarchy and the lower legal thought of the daily press together. Through this procedure, we intent to unveil the inner connection between these two sides of the juridical culture, as well as the specificity of the Brazilian public opinion during the Second Reign. Both of these outcomes were brought to light through an empirical approach to primary sources of the period, such as books of distinguished authors and public debates arising from daily newspapers of Curitiba, the capital of the recently established Paraná province. Since there were social, political, theoretical and institutional slanting conditions, the press was overwhelmingly the main institution representing the public opinion in the constitutional process. Even though representatives and senators had a broad right to free speech in congressional ground and ordinary citizens could interfere in public affairs through the petition right, the press overcame these rights and became a real Public Opinion Court. However, the criteria by which this powerful institution tried administrative and political decisions were more moral than legal, and lawfulness was less important than moral strength. Indeed, legal punishments were very often neglected, whilst moral responsibility stretched out its verdicts even to lawful cases. KEYWORDSBrazilian Constitutional Monarchy. Freedom of the press. Moral responsibility. Moral strength. Public opinion.

Indian Oceanic Crossings: Music of the Afro-Asian Diaspora Traversées de l'océan Indien : la musique dans la diaspora afro-asiatique

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Nous Pouvons ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
Asian Diaspora ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Status ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean World ◽  
Public Imagination

Abstract African movement in the Indian Ocean is a centuries old phenomenon. The better-known transatlantic migration to the Americas has gripped scholars and the public imagination particularly due to the commemorations, in 2007, of the bicentennial of Britain abolishing the slave trade. Archival and oral accounts are complementary in investigating the silent history of the Indian Ocean involuntary migrants. Through case studies, assimilation, social mobility, marginalisation and issues of identity, perhaps we can begin to understand the contemporary status endured by Asia's Africans. This paper considers African influence in the Indian Ocean World through retention and transmission of music while exploring identity and contemporary culture of Afro-Asians. La migration africaine à travers l'océan Indien est un phénomène vieux de plusieurs siècles. Plus connue, la migration transatlantique vers les Amériques a focalisé l'attention des chercheurs ainsi que l'imagination du public surtout du fait des commémorations, en 2007, du bicentenaire de l'abolition du commerce des esclaves en Grande-Bretagne. Les archives et les comptes-rendus oraux apportent un complément à l'enquête sur l'histoire silencieuse des migrants involontaires de l'océan Indien. A travers les études de cas d'assimilation, de mobilité sociale, de marginalisation et les questions d'identité, nous pouvons peut-être commencer à comprendre le statut subi ou apprécié aujourd'hui par les Africains d'Asie. Cet article étudie l'influence africaine sur le monde de l'océan Indien à travers la conservation et la transmission de la musique tout en explorant l'identité et la culture des Afro-Asiatiques.

The Press of Imperial Germany: A New Role for a Traditional Resource

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor L. Turk
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
German History ◽  
The Public ◽  
Imperial Germany ◽  
German Press ◽  
The Press ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
Group Biography ◽  
German People

Until only recently, German history has concentrated on the view from the top. As officials and as individuals, prominent Germans have been especially diligent about maintaining their records, and great numbers of previously secret holdings were made public after the Allied victory in 1945. Add all this to the wealth of memoirs and monographs already available, and there is clearly much to engage the interested historian or scholar. In particular, our understanding of the imperial era has benefited from the infusion of these rich resources. However, the vast majority of this material centers on the state and national leadership, with the result that German history is most frequently viewed from their perspectives: the historiography of the German people has been virtually overlooked. Recently, statistical and behavioral-science techniques have increasingly been incorporated into historical methodology in an effort to achieve a greater understanding of the public at large. Quantitative history and group biography are only two manifestations of this trend, and they have made significant contributions to our understanding of imperial Germany. I would like to suggest that careful examination of the German press can also add valuable new dimensions to the study of the imperial era, and to offer some simple techniques to help make this possible.

scholarly journals Representations of dementias in the press (2001-2010)

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cintra Torres
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
The Press

In the first year of the 21st century, the World Health Organisation added itsweight toWorld Mental Health Day, with a view to stimulating interest in mentaldisorders, particularly through media coverage. This paper presents the resultsof a quantitative study on representations of types of dementia in threePortuguese daily newspapers between 2001 and 2010. The author did not wantto limit the study to the articles in the health sections and therefore looked at thewhole of the newspapers. This revealed a regular coverage of the topic in every section of the papers, especially with regard to Alzheimer’s disease, and with alarge variety of sources, protagonists and specific subjects. It also demonstratedthe existence of an inclusive attitude that is concomitant with an objective handlingof the topic. As a whole, Portuguese printed media news about dementias isfree of negative stereotypes and tends to give readers enough information andto include dementia among the themes that are both consensual in and importantto the public space.

scholarly journals How the Croatian Daily Press Presents Science News

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-112
Author(s):  
Adrijana Šuljok ◽  
Marija Brajdić Vuković
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Media Reporting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
Science News ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

Research into media representations of science is widespread and well-established in scientifically and technologically highly developed countries. However, very little is known about the characteristics of media reporting of science in transition countries, which are only just beginning to recognize the importance of research into the relationship between science, the media and the public. In this study, using content analysis of the daily newspapers with the largest circulations in Croatia (Jutarnji list and Večernji list) we researched the quantity and quality of media reporting of science. We link them to the characteristics of the Croatian media (tabloidization, the erosion of professional criteria) and the wider social context from which they stem. Our findings have shown poor representation of science news in the daily press as well as a low level of trustworthiness, especially in reporting biomedical news.

Indian Ocean Listening Stations: Governmental Ears, Surveillance Acoustemologies, and the Maritime Silk Road

Diplomatica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-361
Author(s):  
Jim Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Sound Studies ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
The Press ◽  
Securitization Theory ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
A Site ◽  
In Virtue Of

Abstract In this article, I examine the discourse surrounding “listening stations” (surveillance outposts) that the Indian government has built to counter Chinese infrastructural projects in the Indian Ocean. As surveillance technologies are placed on out-of-the-way islands and deep underwater, the ocean is discursively situated in the press and diplomatic circles as a site where the geopolitical and sonic ‘noise’ of the metropole is evaded in virtue of the seeming fidelity of the sea, thus garnering potential for the listening stations to reveal China’s true geopolitical intentions. Drawing on classic securitization theory, as well as writings in the anthropology of security and sound studies, I argue that the positioning of listening stations as sites defined by listening and protection from Chinese encroachment obfuscates how they function as geopolitical speech and an expansion of Indian power. I coin the term “surveillance acoustemology” to refer to the ways that India’s listening stations spatialize India’s projected influence and its ability to hear its Chinese rival across the Indian Ocean.

Setting up of the Indian Tsunami Early Warning System (ITEWS): National and International Interactions for the Success of ITEWS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
The Public ◽  
2004 Sumatra Earthquake ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
International Interactions

<p>The 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake of Mw 9.2 and the resultant tsunami that claimed over 2,50,000 human lives is probably the most destructive natural disaster of the 21<sup>st</sup> Century so far. Although the science of tsunami warning had advanced sufficiently by that time, with several tsunami warning centers operating in various oceans, no such system existed for the Indian Ocean. Here we present the discussions and interactions held in India and globally to convince setting up of ITEWS. False tsunami alarms subsequent to 26 December 2004 earthquake had developed a sense of scientific disbelief in the public and to a certain extent in Government of India. We demonstrated to the national and international community that there are only two stretches of faults that could host tsunamigenic earthquakes as far as the India Ocean is concerned. These are: 1) a stretch of some 4000 km of a fault segment extending from Sumatra to Andaman Islands and 2) an area of about 500 km radius off the Makaran Coast in the Arabian Sea. And if we cover these two areas with ocean bottom pressure recorders, the problem of false alarms would be reduced to a large- extant. This plan was finally agreed to and necessary financial, logistic and technical support was made available. The setting up of the ITEWS started in middle 2005 and was completed in August 2007. It has performed very efficiently since then. Over the past ~ 8 years, it monitored ~ 500 M ≥ 6.5 and provided advisories. As against the requirement placed by IOC of issuing an advisory in 10 to 15 minutes time, ITEWS has been doing it in ~ 8 minutes. Since its inception in 2007, no false alarm has been issued and it is rated among the best in the world.</p><p>IOC has designated ITEWS as the Regional Tsunami advisory Provider (TSP) Indian Ocean Regional Tsunami Center.</p>

The Many Voyages of Fateh Al-Khayr: Unfurling the Gulf in the Age of Oceanic History

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-412
Author(s):  
Fahad Ahmad Bishara
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Many ◽  
Indian Ocean World ◽  
Oceanic History

AbstractIn this article, I make the claim that the time has come to re-situate the Gulf historically as part of the Indian Ocean world rather than the terrestrial Middle East. I explore the historical potential of thinking “transregionally” – of what it means to more fully weave the history of the Gulf into that of the Indian Ocean, and what the ramifications are for orienting it away from the terrestrially-grounded literature in which it has long been situated. The promise of an oceanic history, I argue, is both academic and political: first, it opens up the possibilities of new narratives for the Gulf’s past, suggesting new periodizations, fruitful avenues of historical inquiry, and new readings of old sources. But more than that, an oceanic history of the Gulf allows historians to push against the discourses of nativism that have pervaded the public sphere in the Gulf States.

scholarly journals ‘The Swedish Condition’: Representations of Religion in the Swedish Press 1988–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Lövheim
Keyword(s):  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Daily Press

The aim of this article is to examine changes and continuities in thecoverage of religion in Swedish daily newspapers between 1988 and2018. Previous research has shown that Sweden in comparison withother Nordic countries is more secular in terms of its population’sreligious belief and practice, and more tolerant of immigration andreligious diversity. Against this background the article discusseswhether the representation of religion in four selected newspapersduring 2018 reveals a change with regard to trends identified in previous studies, covering the period between 1988 and 2008. It especiallyasks if such changes indicate the continuity of the ‘Swedish condition’,meaning a more tolerant approach to religious diversity as expressedin the daily press. The analysis shows that the coverage of religion inthe Swedish press during the period between 2008 and 2018 developsthrough parallel trends of the continued acknowledgement of religious diversity, a heightened focus on Islam and the public presenceof religion, and more contestation with regard to the political andsocial implications of this situation. In assessing these trends furtherstudy is needed concerning the interrelations between media representations of religious diversity and changes in other institutions inSwedish society such as politics, law, and education.

scholarly journals Wyborcza kampania samorządowa w 2018 roku na łamach lubelskich dzienników

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-113
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Adamik-Szysiak
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
The Press ◽  
Election Results ◽  
High Degree

The local government election campaign in 2018 in the Lublin newspapers The article presents the results of empirical research concerning visibility of the political parties and candidates of the Polish local government election campaign in the press released in Lublin Voivodship in 2018. The subject of research were three daily newspapers: “Dziennik Wschodni”, “Kurier Lubelski” and “Gazeta Wyborcza. Lublin”. The main research questions concerned the degree of interest of regional and local newspapers in local government election campaign and the manner in which the campaigns of individual political entities were publicized. An interesting issue was the proportion of published material on political actors in relation to the resulting by them votes in election. The results of the research proved that the analysed newspapers concerning the selected political actors. In comparison with the public agenda (election results) it has shown a high degree of agenda-setting effects (Pearson’s factor was: 0,68; 0,89; 0,96).

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