Relationships Among Alcohol Outlet Density, Alcohol use, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Young Women in the United States

The aim of this study was to explore the neighborhood-level association between alcohol outlet density and non–intimate partner violent victimization rates among females. Violent offending and victimization are more prevalent for males than females, and most research on alcohol outlets and violence emphasizes males. Studies that do focus on alcohol outlets and female violent victimization tend to focus on intimate partner violence (IPV), yet non-IPV events are over three quarters of all female violent victimization incidents in the United States. We collected data on violent victimization rates, on- and off-premise alcohol outlet density, and neighborhood-level covariates of violence rates for Milwaukee block groups. We used spatially lagged regression models to test this association, to compare non-IPV results with those for overall female violent victimization rates, and to compare results for females with those for males. Our findings showed density of both on- and off-premise alcohol outlets was positively associated with non-IPV female violent victimization rates, which is an important finding given lack of research on this topic. We also found results for females (both overall and non-IPV violent victimization) were generally the same as for males, but the effect of off-premise outlets on non-IPV female violent victimization rates was weaker than the same association for males. Our findings have clear policy implications for local jurisdictions. Alcohol outlet density is important for both female and male violent victimization. Limiting the licensing of alcohol-selling establishments, especially those that engage in irresponsible retail practices, may be a suitable approach to address violent victimization.

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Alcohol Outlet Density and Intimate Partner Violence in a Nonmetropolitan College Town: Accounting for Neighborhood Characteristics and Alcohol Outlet Types

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00120 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 111-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Aleksandra J. Snowden

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Criminal Behavior ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Alcohol Outlet ◽

Alcohol Outlet Density ◽

Outlet Density ◽

Ecological Association

There is a growing evidence of an ecological association between alcohol outlet density and intimate partner violence. It is reasonable to assume, however, that not all types of alcohol outlets contribute equally to criminal behavior, and to date, most ecological studies have been of large urban cities. Using Bloomington, Indiana, block groups as units of analysis and controlling for several structural characteristics associated with violence rates, I estimated spatially lagged regression models to determine if the variation in alcohol outlet density, including total outlets and disaggregating by on- and off-premise outlets, is related to intimate partner violence density. Results suggested that total alcohol outlet density and off-premise alcohol outlet density were significantly associated with intimate partner violence density. On-premise alcohol outlet density was not significantly associated with intimate partner violence density. These results not only extend the geographic scope of this relationship beyond large metropolitan areas but also have important policy implications.

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Alcohol Outlet Density and Intimate Partner Violence-Related Emergency Department Visits

Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research ◽

10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01683.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 847-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Carol B. Cunradi ◽

Christina Mair ◽

William Ponicki ◽

Lillian Remer

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Alcohol Outlet ◽

Alcohol Outlet Density ◽

Outlet Density

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Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.12.1.54 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 54-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Marisa L. Beeble ◽

Deborah Bybee ◽

Cris M. Sullivan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

The United States ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Anecdotal Evidence ◽

Multiple Variables ◽

The Relationship

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

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Intimate Partner Violence among Korean Immigrant Women in the United States: Intersectionality of Gender Norms, Immigration, and Socioeconomic Status

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x211017945 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0192513X2110179

Author(s):

Sei-Young Lee ◽

Ga-Young Choi

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

United States ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Immigrant Women ◽

Gender Norms ◽

The United States ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Korean Immigrant ◽

Korean Immigrant Women

With the theory of feminist intersectionality, this study examined intimate partner violence (IPV) among Korean immigrant women focusing on gender norms, immigration, and socioeconomic status in the contexts of Korean culture. A total of 83 Korean immigrant women who were receiving a social service from non-profit agencies in ethnically diverse urban areas were recruited with a purposive sampling method. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to examine changes in variance explained by models. Having non-traditional gender norms, a college degree or higher education, immigrant life stresses, and living longer in the United States were positively associated with IPV while having higher income and being more fluent in English were negatively associated with IPV. Findings were discussed to understand Korean immigrant women’s internal conflict affected by their higher education and more egalitarian gender norms under the patriarchal cultural norms while experiencing immigrant life stresses and living in the United States. Implication for practice was also discussed.

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