scholarly journals The Neighborhood-Level Association Between Alcohol Outlet Density and Female Criminal Victimization Rates

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 2639-2662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra J. Snowden ◽  
Sara Hockin ◽  
William Alex Pridemore
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Victimization Rates

The aim of this study was to explore the neighborhood-level association between alcohol outlet density and non–intimate partner violent victimization rates among females. Violent offending and victimization are more prevalent for males than females, and most research on alcohol outlets and violence emphasizes males. Studies that do focus on alcohol outlets and female violent victimization tend to focus on intimate partner violence (IPV), yet non-IPV events are over three quarters of all female violent victimization incidents in the United States. We collected data on violent victimization rates, on- and off-premise alcohol outlet density, and neighborhood-level covariates of violence rates for Milwaukee block groups. We used spatially lagged regression models to test this association, to compare non-IPV results with those for overall female violent victimization rates, and to compare results for females with those for males. Our findings showed density of both on- and off-premise alcohol outlets was positively associated with non-IPV female violent victimization rates, which is an important finding given lack of research on this topic. We also found results for females (both overall and non-IPV violent victimization) were generally the same as for males, but the effect of off-premise outlets on non-IPV female violent victimization rates was weaker than the same association for males. Our findings have clear policy implications for local jurisdictions. Alcohol outlet density is important for both female and male violent victimization. Limiting the licensing of alcohol-selling establishments, especially those that engage in irresponsible retail practices, may be a suitable approach to address violent victimization.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Characteristics Associated with the Availability of Alcohol Outlets in Quebec, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Ngamini Ngui ◽  
Philippe Apparicio ◽  
Mathieu Philibert ◽  
Marie-Josée Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Video Lottery ◽  
Video Lottery Terminals ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Objectives. The objectives of this study were to examine the spatial accessibility to alcohol outlets in Quebec and to assess the association between neighborhood level characteristics and availability of alcohol outlets.Methods. The Tobit Model was used to assess the association between neighborhood level characteristics and the availability of alcohol outlets within 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 metres, respectively.Results. Alcohol outlets were found to be most available in the two largest metropolitan areas of the province of Quebec (Montréal and Québec City). Within 1000 metres, alcohol outlets are more available in neighbourhoods with the following characteristics: highest concentration of men, least materially deprived highest concentration of persons aged 20 years or more, and location either in a metropolitan area or in a small town. Finally, the number of bars with video lottery terminals increases with the level of social and material deprivation.Conclusion. In Québec, there is no rule governing the location of alcohol outlets. Thus, there is an abundant literature indicating that the regulation of alcohol outlet density could be an effective means of controlling risk attributable to alcohol consumption.

Alcohol Outlet Density and Intimate Partner Violence in a Nonmetropolitan College Town: Accounting for Neighborhood Characteristics and Alcohol Outlet Types

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra J. Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Ecological Association

There is a growing evidence of an ecological association between alcohol outlet density and intimate partner violence. It is reasonable to assume, however, that not all types of alcohol outlets contribute equally to criminal behavior, and to date, most ecological studies have been of large urban cities. Using Bloomington, Indiana, block groups as units of analysis and controlling for several structural characteristics associated with violence rates, I estimated spatially lagged regression models to determine if the variation in alcohol outlet density, including total outlets and disaggregating by on- and off-premise outlets, is related to intimate partner violence density. Results suggested that total alcohol outlet density and off-premise alcohol outlet density were significantly associated with intimate partner violence density. On-premise alcohol outlet density was not significantly associated with intimate partner violence density. These results not only extend the geographic scope of this relationship beyond large metropolitan areas but also have important policy implications.

Spatiotemporal patterns of alcohol outlets and violence: A spatially heterogeneous Markov chain analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832096556
Author(s):  
Ran Wei ◽  
Tony H Grubesic ◽  
Wei Kang
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Outlet Density

Alcohol-related violence remains a serious social and public health problem in the United States. A large corpus of work suggests a positive statistical relationship between alcohol outlet density and violence. However, questions remain as to how neighborhood violence evolves in response to varying access to alcohol outlets. This paper introduces an approach for analyzing the spatial and temporal dynamics of violence and its association with alcohol outlets by embedding the evolution of assault events and outlet density within a spatially heterogeneous Markov chain framework. This framework enables the exploration of spatiotemporal dynamics of alcohol outlets and violence and controls for potentially confounding impacts and spatial heterogeneity. Using a case study at the block group level in Seattle, Washington, the results of this paper suggest that violence is spatially heterogeneous at the local level and locations with sparsely distributed alcohol outlets are less likely to see an increase in violence when compared to areas with higher densities of outlets. Further, the modeling approach helps identify locations that might “tip” into more violent conditions if more outlets were allowed to operate. This paper concludes with a brief discussion of how the methods and results can help improve the management, licensing, and policy development for alcohol outlets in a community.

scholarly journals Alcohol Outlet Density and Deprivation in Six Towns in Bergrivier Municipality before and after Legislative Restrictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Bowers ◽  
Adlai Davids ◽  
Leslie London
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deprived Areas

Introduction. In 2016, after the Western Cape Liquor Act was enacted, alcohol outlets were mapped in the six towns from a previous 2008 study to determine: (1) alcohol outlet density; (2) the association between deprivation and alcohol outlet density; (3) geospatial trends of alcohol outlet densities; and (4) the impact of alcohol legislation. Methods. Latitude and longitude coordinates were collected of legal and illegal alcohol outlets, and alcohol outlet density was calculated for legal, illegal and total alcohol outlets by km2 and per 1000 persons. To determine the impact of legislation, t-tests and hot spot analyses were calculated for both 2008 and 2016 studies. Spearman coefficients estimated the relationship between alcohol outlet density and deprivation. Results. Although not statistically significant, the number of alcohol outlets and the density per 1000 population declined by about 12% and 34%, respectively. Illegal outlets were still more likely to be located in more deprived areas, and legal outlets in less deprived areas; and a reduction or addition of a few outlets can change a town’s hot spot status. Conclusions. Further studies with larger sample sizes might help to clarify the impacts of the Liquor Act, and the more recent 2017 Alcohol-Related Harms Reduction Policy on alcohol outlet density in the province.

scholarly journals Access to alcohol and binge drinking among vocational college students: A multilevel study in a tourist destination province of Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward McNeil ◽  
Yanisa Inthawong ◽  
Sawitri Assanangkornchai
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Vocational College ◽  
Multilevel Study ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
The Relationship

McNeil, E., Inthawong, Y., & Assanangkornchai, S. (2015). Access to alcohol and binge drinking among vocational college students: A multilevel study in a tourist destination province of Thailand. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(2), 47-55. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.214A key issue in alcohol-related harm reduction is the impact of commercial and social availability on alcohol-related problems and harm among young people. The increasing density of alcohol outlets has been shown to be associated with harmful youth drinking behavior, although studies have produced mixed results, underlying the complexity of the situation.Aims: The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between density of alcohol outlets and drinking behaviors among vocational college students.Methods: A cross-sectional school-based survey was conducted among full-time students studying in vocational colleges in Phuket, Thailand. Multilevel regression models were used to assess the relationship between alcohol-outlet density and current and binge drinking, controlling for student and school characteristics.Results: A total of 3,363 students completed the self-reported questionnaire (response rate 66.7%). A significant association was found between alcohol-outlet density and binge drinking but not current drinking. Both current and binge drinking were associated with a positive attitude toward drinking, perception of peer and family drinking norms, and social availability of alcohol. For every increase in 10 on-premise alcohol outlets per square kilometer the risk of binge drinking increased by an average of 5%. Empirical evidence regarding this relationship is important to support law and policy movements towards further restriction of alcohol outlets and zoning of entertainment venues.

scholarly journals SPATIAL ASSOCIATION PATTERNS OF BINGE DRINKING, ALCOHOL OUTLET DENSITY, AND EARLY STARTED DRINKING IN THAILAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Nakarin Prasit ◽  
Wongsa Laohasiriwong ◽  
Kittipong Sornlorm ◽  
Surachai Pimha
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density

Thailand had a higher prevalence of binge drinking (BD) behaviors which put them at risks of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the spatial association of BD and its associated factors among the population of Thailand. This study was conducted using a data set of the National Statistical Office of Thailand and another data set of the Center for Alcohol Studies, Thailand, in 2017. A Moran's I, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and Spatial regression were used to identify the spatial autocorrelation between alcohol outlet density, started drinking before 20 years of age, and BD among Thai people. According to the results, among 61,708 participants, the prevalence of BD was 11.47 per 1,000 population. There was global spatial autocorrelation between alcohol outlet density, start drinking before 20 years, and BD with the Moran's I values of 0.10 and 0.54, respectively. The LISA analysis identified significant positive spatial local autocorrelation of BD in the form of two high-high clusters for density of alcohol outlets and seven high-high clusters of started drinking before the age of 20. Started drinking before 20 years of age could predict binge drinking behaviors by 62.8 percent. There were spatial associations between alcohol outlet density and problems with alcoholic beverage control law enforcement that let the youngsters start drinking before 20. It is a general recommendation to strictly enforce the law in prohibited the underage from consuming alcohol, especially in the high density of alcohol outlets.

Neighborhood alcohol outlet density and genetic influences on alcohol use: evidence for gene–environment interaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy S. Slutske ◽  
Arielle R. Deutsch ◽  
Thomas M. Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Alcohol Involvement ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Outlet Density

AbstractBackgroundGenetic influences on alcohol involvement are likely to vary as a function of the ‘alcohol environment,’ given that exposure to alcohol is a necessary precondition for genetic risk to be expressed. However, few gene–environment interaction studies of alcohol involvement have focused on characteristics of the community-level alcohol environment. The goal of this study was to examine whether living in a community with more alcohol outlets would facilitate the expression of the genetic propensity to drink in a genetically-informed national survey of United States young adults.MethodsThe participants were 2434 18–26-year-old twin, full-, and half-sibling pairs from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Participants completed in-home interviews in which alcohol use was assessed. Alcohol outlet densities were extracted from state-level liquor license databases aggregated at the census tract level to derive the density of outlets.ResultsThere was evidence that the estimates of genetic and environmental influences on alcohol use varied as a function of the density of alcohol outlets in the community. For example, the heritability of the frequency of alcohol use for those residing in a neighborhood with ten or more outlets was 74% (95% confidence limits = 55–94%), compared with 16% (95% confidence limits = 0–34%) for those in a neighborhood with zero outlets. This moderating effect of alcohol outlet density was not explained by the state of residence, population density, or neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics.ConclusionsThe results suggest that living in a neighborhood with many alcohol outlets may be especially high-risk for those individuals who are genetically predisposed to frequently drink.

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