Using Reoffenders’ Experiences and Perspectives to Improve Intimate Partner Violence Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 4040-4060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina A. Portnoy ◽  
Christopher M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Treatment Modification ◽  
Key Dimensions

A substantial proportion of partner-violent men reoffend subsequent to completing intimate partner violence (IPV) treatment. A critical step in enhancing treatment for IPV perpetration is to understand reoffense among those who recidivate following treatment completion. Investigating reoffenders’ own perceptions regarding potential directions for treatment modification may improve overall treatment outcomes. Qualitative research examining the experiences of participants who utilize IPV treatment is limited. In the present study, we examined implications for treatment from an exploration of reoffenders’ interpretation of their recidivist events and their beliefs regarding treatment effectiveness. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to generate theory regarding behavior change, treatment perceptions, and recidivist processes among men who experience difficulty staying nonviolent. Emergent qualitative themes revealed reoffenders’ perceptions of treatment and suggestions for treatment modification. Reoffenders identified program factors that they believed would have enhanced program effectiveness for themselves, and thus may have prevented their recidivist incidents. Treatment implications that emerged from reoffenders’ narratives are organized along three key dimensions: modality-specific variables, which were relevant to treatment approach and effectiveness of group therapy; content-specific variables, which were relevant to skill acquisition and skill application; and participant-specific variables, which were relevant to intrapersonal characteristics of the participants themselves. Recommendations for treatment enhancement are discussed.

Gambling-Related Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: A Grounded Theory Model of Individual and Relationship Determinants

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110374
Author(s):  
Nerilee Hing ◽  
Catherine O’Mullan ◽  
Elaine Nuske ◽  
Helen Breen ◽  
Lydia Mainey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Female Victims

This study aimed to examine how problem gambling interacts with gendered drivers of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women to exacerbate this violence. Interviews were conducted with 48 female victims of IPV linked to a male partner’s gambling; 24 female victims of IPV linked to their own gambling; and 39 service practitioners from 25 services. Given limited research into gambling-related IPV, but a stronger theoretical base relating to IPV against women, this study used an adaptive grounded theory approach. It engaged with existing theories on gendered drivers of violence against women, while also developing a grounded theory model of individual and relationship determinants based on emergent findings from the data. Gambling-related IPV against women was found to occur in the context of expressions of gender inequality, including men’s attitudes and behaviors that support violence and rigid gender expectations, controlling behaviors, and relationships condoning disrespect of women. Within this context, the characteristics of problem gambling and the financial, emotional and relationship stressors gambling causes intensified the IPV. Alcohol and other drug use, and co-morbid mental health issues, also interacted with gambling to intensify the IPV. Major implications. Reducing gambling-related IPV against women requires integrated, multi-level interventions that reduce both problem gambling and gendered drivers of violence. Gambling operators can act to reduce problem gambling and train staff in responding to IPV. Financial institutions can assist people to limit their gambling expenditure and families to protect their assets. Service providers can be alert to the co-occurrence of gambling problems and IPV and screen, treat, and refer clients appropriately. Public education can raise awareness that problem gambling increases the risk of IPV. Reducing gender inequality is also critical.

scholarly journals Living in Fear and Prioritizing Safety: Exploring Women’s Lives After Traumatic Brain Injury From Intimate Partner Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1708-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda St Ivany ◽  
Linda Bullock ◽  
Donna Schminkey ◽  
Kristen Wells ◽  
Phyllis Sharps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Central Process ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Risk Of Death

There is increasing evidence that women are receiving a traumatic brain injury (TBI) during episodes of intimate partner violence (IPV), but little qualitative research exists around how surviving this experience impacts the lives of women. Primary and secondary data ( N = 19) were used with a constructivist grounded theory approach to explore the lives of women aged 18 to 44 years, who were living with a TBI from IPV. Women described multiple aspects of living in fear that shaped their daily lives and ability to seek help and access resources. The central process of prioritizing safety emerged, with salient dimensions of maintaining a present orientation, exhibiting hyperprotection of children, invoking isolation as protection, and calculating risk of death. These findings add to the growing body of knowledge that women living with IPV are at high risk for receiving a TBI and are therefore a subgroup in need of more prevention and treatment resources.

Between patriarchal constraints and neoliberal values: Dimensions of job quality for intimate partner violence survivors

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 932-949
Author(s):  
Karni Krigel ◽  
Orly Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

Scholars have established the difficulties inherent in proposals that employment may serve as a rescue route for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, they have paid little attention to the possibility that those who do strive for employment experience a clash between the prevailing neoliberal policy and the patriarchal culture dominant in their relationship with their violent partners. Based on 33 in-depth interviews with IPV survivors, this study used a grounded theory approach to follow women’s experiences in the personal and employment life domain. The authors propose that in order to understand employment in the field of IPV survivors, it is necessary to deploy a job quality perspective. Further, they found that a gendered conceptualization of job quality is required, one that is evaluated by three relational dimensions: employment spaces blocking IPV penetration, control over one’s own income and a sense of skill recognition. These relational dimensions show that in participants’ work lives, neoliberalism and patriarchy conflict with one another. Accordingly, the contradiction between these value systems must be taken into account in conceptualizations of their mutual reinforcement. The authors propose reconciling them by focusing on the challenging experience of women’s employment, from which the innovative meaning of job quality arises.

Effectiveness of Primary Prevention Efforts for Intimate Partner Violence

Partner Abuse ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Whitaker ◽  
Christopher M. Murphy ◽  
Christopher I. Eckhardt ◽  
Amanda E. Hodges ◽  
Melissa Cowart
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Based ◽  
Prevention Studies ◽  
Program Content

This article presents a systematic review of intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention studies. Using electronic databases and standard search methods, 19 studies met inclusion criteria for the review. These studies targeted partner violence victimization and/or perpetration, included a comparison or control group, and measured IPV behavior or outcomes involving knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, or other constructs related to IPV. Fifteen of the studies used randomized designs, and 9 studies were identified that used rigorous methods (randomized designs, measurement of IPV behavior, sufficient follow-up, independent assessors). Four of the 9 studies were school-based studies conducted in middle or high schools. Only 1 of those found an unqualified positive impact on IPV behavior; another found an IPV preventive effect for boys only. Five of the 9 studies were conducted in community settings, including 2 that worked with couples, 2 that provided group-based interventions set in the community, and 1 that worked with parents to promote dating violence prevention with their teenage children. All 5 of the community-based studies reported positive impact on IPV behavior. Although there are some encouraging findings in the literature, gaps remain. No programs have been replicated, and although there would appear to be a great deal of overlap in program content, there is no analysis examining key components of program effectiveness.

Viral justice? Online justice-seeking, intimate partner violence and affective contagion

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wood ◽  
Evelyn Rose ◽  
Chrissy Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Key Dimensions

What has been termed the survivor selfie is a recent and growing phenomenon whereby survivors of intimate partner violence or their close supporters upload graphic photos and accounts of their injuries and suffering to social media. In this article, we examine how the like economy of Facebook can lead to the rapid circulation of survivor selfies to large audiences, and in doing so, generate what we term viral justice: the outcome of a victim’s online justice-seeking post ‘going viral’ and quickly being viewed and shared-on by thousands of social media users. Through examining the trajectory and impact of one particular case—Ashlee Savins’s viral survivor selfie—we identify the technological preconditions of viral justice and three of its key dimensions: affective contagion; swarm sociality; and movement power. Through discussing the speed, sociality and contagion of viral justice, we critically consider some of its implications for online justice-seeking, and responding to intimate partner violence.

scholarly journals Helpless helpers: primary care therapist self-efficacy working with intimate partner violence and ageing women

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlie Watson ◽  
Nikki Carthy ◽  
Sue Becker
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Core State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Coding ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore primary care psychological therapists’ experiences of working with mid-life and older women presenting with intimate partner violence (IPV) and develop a theoretical framework using a grounded theory approach to identify the experiences of those practitioners working with this phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach Interviews with 17 practitioners were conducted. The data analysis was informed by a grounded theory approach, which requires three states of data coding: open, axial and selective. Data codes were thematically sorted into causal, contextual, strategic, intervening, interactional and consequential conditions. Findings A core state of therapist helplessness was uncovered. The framework demonstrates that psychological therapists can doubt their ability to work meaningfully with women over 45 years of age experiencing IPV. To avoid the core state of helplessness, therapists use strategies such as avoiding asking questions about partner violence, making assumptions of how patients interpret their own experiences, addressing symptoms rather than the root cause and going above and beyond in attempts to rescue patients. The consequence of therapists’ helplessness often results in burnout. Research limitations/implications The framework identifies barriers in working effectively with IPV and women in the mid-to older-aged populations. Originality/value This study is the first to suggest a framework that is grounded in practitioner experience with capability to transfer to a range of professionals working with mid-to older-aged women such as forensic, medical and specialist psychologists.

Analysis of Bystander Behavior Towards Intimate Partner Violence via Peerformance

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098548
Author(s):  
Mieko Yoshihama ◽  
Amy C. Hammock ◽  
Fatmeh Baidoun
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Safety Constraints ◽  
A Site

This study of a South Asian community in the midwestern USA examines what bystanders do when they witness an incident of intimate partner violence (IPV). Because of ethical and safety constraints, in lieu of observation in a natural setting, data were collected at a Peerformance, a peer-led IPV prevention program, using the forum theatre method introduced in Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed. Event attendees were invited to respond to an IPV incident enacted by peer educators in which a controlling husband’s behavior escalates to the point of suggesting physical violence. Using a grounded theory approach, we analyzed the videotaped bystander actions while applying pertinent aspects of visual analysis. Event attendees responded in variety of ways, exploring and/or de-escalating the situation, providing information, and encouraging the couple to resolve their conflict and/or seek outside help. They expressed empathy, support, and (dis)agreement with the husband and the wife. Their actions encompassed a number of dimensions: introductory, investigative, supportive/empathic, informational, instructional, instrumental, and confrontational. Participants’ vastly varied responses to IPV within the same scenario suggest difficulty in developing a generic IPV bystander program. The findings also suggest possible directions for developing bystander programs to address IPV. In lieu of prescribing and/or proscribing specific actions in a given risk situation, bystander training can help participants build their repertoire of actions while collectively examining the strengths and limitations of various actions in their sociocultural context. Such bystander training is complex and difficult to manualize; it will involve reflexive and critical discussions and learning and trying out various possible alternatives. A Peerformance is a site of action, a realistic and familiar milieu where community members can imagine and try out interventions that may be different from the norm of indifference and non-intervention. It can open up new possibilities for addressing IPV in diverse communities.

Intersectional and Trauma-Informed Approaches to Employment Services: Insights From Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Service Providers

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122098834
Author(s):  
Sarah Tarshis ◽  
Ramona Alaggia ◽  
Carmen H. Logie
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Integrated Approaches ◽  
Insight Into

This article presents qualitative findings from a constructivist grounded theory study that examines intimate partner violence and employment-seeking from the perspectives of 10 service providers. Three distinct themes emerge through analysis: (a) understanding the intersecting barriers to employment faced by survivors, (b) integrated approaches to employment services, and (c) barriers to providing employment services. Findings have important theoretical implications on the intersectional nature of employment-seeking and provide insight into IPV service responses.

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