Development and Validation of the Economic Coercion Scale 36 (ECS-36) in Rural Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098781
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Yount ◽  
Yuk Fai Cheong ◽  
Stephanie Miedema ◽  
Ruchira T. Naved
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Group Factor ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Economic Coercion

Assessing progress toward Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5, to achieve gender equality and to empower women, requires monitoring trends in intimate partner violence (IPV). Current measures of IPV may miss women’s experiences of economic coercion, or interference with the acquisition, use, and maintenance of financial resources. This sequential, mixed-methods study developed and validated a scale for economic coercion in married women in rural Bangladesh, where women’s expanding economic opportunities may elevate the risks of economic coercion and other IPV. Forty items capturing lifetime and prior-year economic coercion were adapted from formative qualitative research and prior scales and administered to a probability sample of 930 married women 16–49 years. An economic coercion scale (ECS) was validated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with primary data from random-split samples ( N1 = 310; N2 = 620). Item response theory (IRT) methods gauged the measurement precision of items and scales over the range of the economic-coercion latent trait. Multiple-group factor analysis assessed measurement invariance of the economic-coercion construct. Two-thirds (62.26%) of women reported any lifetime economic coercion. EFA suggested a 36-item, two-factor model capturing barriers to acquire and to use or maintain economic resources. CFA, multiple group factor analysis, and multidimensional IRT methods confirmed that this model provided a reasonable fit to the data. IRT analysis showed that each dimension provided most precision over the higher range of the economic coercion trait. The Economic Coercion Scale 36 (ECS-36) should be validated elsewhere and over time. It may be added to violence-specific surveys and evaluations of violence-prevention and economic-empowerment programs that have a primary interest measuring economic coercion. Short-form versions of the ECS may be developed for multipurpose surveys and program monitoring.

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence and social connection among married women in rural Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214843
Author(s):  
Laura W Stoff ◽  
Lisa M Bates ◽  
Sidney Ruth Schuler ◽  
Lynette M Renner ◽  
Darin J Erickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Instrumental Social Support ◽  
Family Contact ◽  
Natal Family

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is high among married women in Bangladesh. Social isolation is a well-established correlate of women’s exposure to IPV, but the role of such factors in low-income and middle-income countries is not well understood. In this study, we explore whether social connection is protective against IPV among married women in rural Bangladesh.MethodsData were drawn from a multistage, stratified, population-based longitudinal sample of 3355 married women in rural Bangladesh, who were surveyed on individual and contextual risk factors of IPV. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the association between three different domains of social connection (natal family contact, female companionship and instrumental social support), measured at baseline in 2013, and the risk of three different forms of IPV (psychological, physical and sexual), approximately 10 months later, adjusted for woman’s level of education, spouse’s level of education, level of household wealth, age and age of marriage.ResultsAdjusted models showed that instrumental social support was associated with a lower risk of past year psychological IPV (risk ratio (RR)=0.84, 95% CI 0.769 to 0.914), sexual IPV (RR=0.90, 95% CI 0.822 to 0.997) and physical IPV (RR=0.81, 95% CI 0.718 to 0.937). Natal family contact was also associated with a lower risk of each type of IPV, but not in a graded fashion. Less consistent associations were observed with female companionship.ConclusionOur findings suggest that social connection, particularly in the form of instrumental support, may protect married women in rural Bangladesh from experiencing IPV.

Multiple Group Factor Analysis

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Group Factor ◽  
Multiple Group

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Intimate Partner Violence: Logistic Regression Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Prativa Tiwari ◽  
Gauri Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Systematic Sampling

Background: Intimate Partner Violence is a major health and human rights problem. Globally, intimate partner violence includes physical act of violence together with sexual coercion, physical threats, psychological abuse and controlling actions by the intimate partner.Objective: This study aims to identify the factors influencing intimate partner violence of married women in Pokhara, Lekhnath Metropolitan City ward number 27, Kaski, Nepal.Materials and Methods: This study is entirely based on the primary data. The sample contains 303 married women of 15-49 years selected by systematic sampling. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and face to face interview. The questionnaire used is modified version of the questionnaire designed and recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and Program for Appropriate Technology in Health ‘PATH’ (2005). Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. To determine the significant factors, Logistic regression model was used for establishing linkage between intimate partner violence and several explanatory variables.Results: Fitted model showed the variables, affair with other women and alcohol consumption habit were highly significant predictors for the intimate partner violence. Occupation of husband was significant predictor for physical violence and occupation of respondent was significant for sexual violence. Goodness of fit tests (Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square statistic, Negelkerke R2) showed that all three models fit well to the proposed Logistic regression model.Conclusion: Although violence is a multidimensional concept, this study has attempted to capture three types of violence namely psychological, physical and sexual called IPV. The IPV was collapsed to create a dichotomous variable on the basis of whether the woman has IPV or not. A number of independent variables are taken into account based on scientific literature review.Nepalese Journal of Statistics, Vol. 2, 37-52

Factor Comparability And The Advantages Of Multiple Group Factor Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Everett ◽  
Leland V. Entrekin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Group Factor ◽  
Multiple Group

scholarly journals Multiple-Group Factor Analysis Alignment

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tihomir Asparouhov ◽  
Bengt Muthén
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Group Factor ◽  
Multiple Group

scholarly journals The Impact of Outsourcing on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Nguyen Manh Thang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Multiple Group Analysis ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of using outsourced services on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. The primary data used to analyze this study's main objectives were collected by the survey with the structured questionnaire and the expert interview with semi-structured interview guidelines. A total of 742 SMEs using outsourced services in the study area participated in the survey. The study employs Cronbach’s alpha test, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modelling (SEM), and multiple-group analysis for variables measurements and model testing. The study also investigates the influences of the degree of outsourcing on the enterprise’s performance. The results show that the degree of outsourcing has a low impact on financial performance, particularly ROS, ROE, and ROA (R2 = 0.013). Also, the degree of outsourcing has impacts on non-financial performance. The multiple-group analysis results indicate the different influences of the outsourcing degree on the different types of enterprises’ performance. The degree of outsourcing has a stronger impact on micro-enterprises' performance than the small and medium-sized enterprises. The commercial and service enterprises have higher performance when outsourcing than others. The outsourcing degree has a stronger impact on the performance of the enterprises that operated for more than nine years than others. The results show that there are different influences of the outsourcing degree on the performance of the enterprises that have different outsourcing situations. According to the findings, this study proposes the three main managerial implications to improve outsourcing effectively, such as strengthening outsourcing risk management, deciding on outsourcing depend on the enterprises’ characteristics, and managing the relationship between stakeholders.

Multiple Group IRT Modeling: Applications to Item Bias Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Muthén ◽  
James Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Item Bias ◽  
Group Factor ◽  
Bias Analysis ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Dichotomous Variables

This article shows the applicability of new methodology for multiple-group factor analysis of dichotomous variables. Situations are considered where the same set of test items has been administered to more than one group of examinees. The new methodology is contrasted with the IRT approach to item bias analysis. An example is given in which females and males have taken a certain biology test.

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