Frequent Indoor Tanners’ Beliefs About Indoor Tanning and Cessation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Glanz ◽  
Amy Jordan ◽  
DeAnn Lazovich ◽  
Amy Bleakley
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
White Women ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Indoor Tanning ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose: Indoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of developing skin cancer. In the United States, nearly 1 in 5 white women aged 18 to 25 are indoor tanners. This study elicited beliefs about tanning indoors and quitting/cutting back on indoor tanning. Design: Semi-structured interviews. Participants and Setting: Forty 18- to 25-year-old white females who engaged in frequent indoor tanning participated in either in-person or telephone interviews. Most were college students from southeastern Pennsylvania and Delaware. Method: A semi-structured interview was used to elicit beliefs about indoor tanning and quitting or cutting back. Data analyses using NVivo and multiple coders identified key themes about going and quitting/cutting back on indoor tanning. Results: Key themes stated as reasons for indoor tanning included improving physical appearance, social acceptance, increased confidence, and happiness. The main themes identified as advantages of quitting/cutting back on indoor tanning were to decrease skin cancer risk and save money. Perceived disadvantages of quitting/cutting back included themes of concerns about being pale and a decline in self-confidence. The prospect of saving money and warm weather were seen as facilitating quitting/cutting back. Conclusion: Findings suggest the necessity of addressing appearance concerns, psychological benefits associated with feeling more attractive, and short-term gains such as saving money. These findings provide a foundation for developing effective anti-indoor tanning communication.

Racial Disparities in Pregnancy-associated Intimate Partner Homicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199083
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Kivisto ◽  
Samantha Mills ◽  
Lisa S. Elwood
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
White Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Intimate Partner Homicide ◽  
Homicide Victimization ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Pregnancy-associated femicide accounts for a mortality burden at least as high as any of the leading specific obstetric causes of maternal mortality, and intimate partners are the most common perpetrators of these homicides. This study examined pregnancy-associated and non-pregnancy-associated intimate partner homicide (IPH) victimization among racial/ethnic minority women relative to their non-minority counterparts using several sources of state-level data from 2003 through 2017. Data regarding partner homicide victimization came from the National Violent Death Reporting System, natality data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics, and relevant sociodemographic information was obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. Findings indicated that pregnancy and racial/ethnic minority status were each associated with increased risk for partner homicide victimization. Although rates of non-pregnancy-associated IPH victimization were similar between Black and White women, significant differences emerged when limited to pregnancy-associated IPH such that Black women evidenced pregnancy-associated IPH rates more than threefold higher than that observed among White and Hispanic women. Relatedly, the largest intraracial discrepancies between pregnant and non-pregnant women emerged among Black women, who experienced pregnancy-associated IPH victimization at a rate 8.1 times greater than their non-pregnant peers. These findings indicate that the racial disparities in IPH victimization in the United States observed in prior research might be driven primarily by the pronounced differences among the pregnant subset of these populations.

scholarly journals Factor Analysis of Negative Symptom Items in the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1042-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Azis ◽  
Gregory P Strauss ◽  
Elaine Walker ◽  
William Revelle ◽  
Richard Zinbarg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Active Research

Abstract Background Negative symptoms occur early in the clinical high risk (CHR) state and indicate increased risk of conversion to psychotic disorder and poor functional outcome. However, while the negative symptom domain has shown to be parsimoniously explained by a 2-factor construct in schizophrenia, there has yet to be an established factor structure of negative symptoms in CHR. Methods 214 individuals meeting the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS) criteria for CHR were recruited through 3 active research programs in the United States. Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted on the 6 negative symptom items of the SIPS, and factors were evaluated with respect to functional outcome and depression. Results Factor analysis indicated a 2-factor hierarchical model with 2 negative symptom dimensions reflecting volition (Occupational Functioning and Avolition) and emotion (Expression of Emotion, Experience of Emotion and Social Anhedonia). Linear Regression showed that the emotion factor was associated with poor social function, and the volition factor was associated with poor role function and depression. Conclusions Similar to factor solutions identified in adults diagnosed with psychotic disorders, results indicated that the SIPS negative symptom subscale is not a unidimensional construct. Rather, the SIPS negative subscale has 2 distinct factors that have different associations with clinical outcome and should be interpreted independently. Results have significant relevance for informing the valid assessment and conceptual interpretation of early clinical phenomenology in the psychosis prodrome.

scholarly journals Role of Hormones in Cancer Prevention

2014 ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor G. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
White Women ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Increased Risk

Risk for breast cancer can be easily and rapidly assessed using validated, quantitative models. Multiple randomized studies show that the selective estrogen response modifiers (SERMs) tamoxifen and raloxifene can safely reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Treatment resulted in a 38% reduction in breast cancer incidence, and 42 women would need to be treated to prevent one breast cancer event in the first 10 years of follow-up. Reduction was larger in the first 5 years of follow-up than in years 5 to 10, but no studies treated patients for longer than 5 years. Thromboembolic events were significantly increased with all SERMs, whereas vertebral fractures were reduced. Tamoxifen provides net benefit to all premenopausal women who are at increased risk, whereas raloxifene reduces risk nearly as much in postmenopausal women and offers increased safety. Both tamoxifen and raloxifene reduce the incidence of in situ cancers. Lasofoxifene reduced the risk of breast cancer by 79% in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The MAP3 trial showed a 65% reduction in the annual incidence of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women who were at moderately increased risk for breast cancer who took the aromatase inhibitor exemestane. The IBIS-II trial showed a 53% reduction in the risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women aged 40 to 70 who took the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole. Of the 50 million white women in the United States aged 35 to 79, 2.4 million would have a positive benefit/risk index for chemoprevention.

Success Factors for the Global Implementation of ERP/HRMS Software

2011 ◽  
pp. 289-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna House ◽  
Gert-Jan de Vreede ◽  
Peter Wolcott ◽  
Kenneth Dick
Keyword(s):  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Mean

This research observes a global implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP)/human resources management system (HRMS) software at an international company. The software was implemented in 16 countries. Variables such as cultural differences, communication-distance, management support, trust, and resistance to change were evaluated in the literature review. These variables have an impact on implementation success during global HRMS implementation. Further analyses on specific success factors faced with global implementations were evaluated using semi-structured interviews. The authors prepared a questionnaire to further explore the data. Respondents rated questions related to management support the highest overall. An interesting find was that the semi-structured interview results indicated that the software chosen was not a perfect fit for the global community. The mean for questions related to global HRMS success was higher for respondents located in the United States than those located in other locations.

scholarly journals PAYER PERSPECTIVES ON FUTURE ACCEPTABILITY OF COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS AND RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Moloney ◽  
Penny Mohr ◽  
Emma Hawe ◽  
Koonal Shah ◽  
Martina Garau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Effectiveness Research ◽  
Structured Interviews

Objectives: Our objective was to gather perspectives from payers on how comparative effectiveness research (CER) in the United States and relative effectiveness (RE) research in Europe will impact evidentiary standards for access decisions of new drugs by 2020.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with fourteen senior officials representing public and private payers, health technology assessment groups, and pricing and reimbursement bodies in the United States and Europe. An online survey assessed current use of CER/RE evidence and potential trends that might influence its use for decision making by 2020. A semi-structured interview elicited payers' definitions of CER/RE and was structured around four hypothetical cases resembling drugs expected to be more common or poised to create policy challenges by 2020. Topics included acceptance of study designs and analytic methods associated with CER/RE. A systematic content review was done to extract relevant information.Results: According to key informants, randomization will remain an essential component for assessing comparative or relative effectiveness. They anticipate greater use of policy levers such as conditional reimbursement or prior authorization to manage diffusion of new drugs. Case studies provided important insights into situations when certain types of CER evidence may be acceptable (e.g., observational data when differences between drugs are largely convenience).Conclusions: Industry perceptions that CER/RE will change payers' evidentiary requirements in the future are consistent with our findings. Growing investment in payers' own data and increased reliance on policy tools to control diffusion of new drugs may also influence the type of evidence industry will be required to produce by 2020.

Always the sun: The Uniqueness of sun exposure in tourism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maayan Franco ◽  
Amir Shani ◽  
Yaniv Poria
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Exposure Patterns

Sun exposure, although beneficial and enjoyable, has negative consequences, most prominently an increased risk of developing skin cancer. While sunbathing and other forms of sun exposure play a major role in tourism, they have been scarcely researched, and the objective of this study is to bridge this gap in the literature. The study examines the differences between the tourism and routine sun-exposure patterns, attempting to reveal when and why individuals perceive sun exposure as dangerous. For this exploratory study, in-depth, semi-structured interviews (N = 31) were conducted. The findings revealed three distinct behavioral patterns under different circumstances: (1) During everyday activities, participants did not use protection, as they did not perceive this exposure as dangerous; (2) At the beach or pool during non-tourist leisure pastime, exposure to the sun is perceived as dangerous and protection is routinely used; and (3) In the course of vacations abroad, participants tend to expose themselves to the sun intensively, including for tanning purposes, without proper adherence to the use sun protection measures. These findings are consistent with the view of tourist spaces serve as "liminal zones" that allow individuals to take risks. The study suggests that relevant stakeholders such as public-health authorities, tourism marketers, and holiday destinations should act to promote responsible sun exposure in the tourist context, to prevent skin cancer and other sun-related diseases.

scholarly journals Measuring Distributional Inequality: Relative Body Mass Index Distributions by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Education, United States (1999–2006)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Houle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
White Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Race And Education ◽  
The Right

Few studies consider obesity inequalities as a distributional property. This study uses relative distribution methods to explore inequalities in body mass index (BMI; kg/m2). Data from 1999–2006 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to compare BMI distributions by gender, Black/White race, and education subgroups in the United States. For men, comparisons between Whites and Blacks show a polarized relative distribution, with more Black men at increased risk of over or underweight. Comparisons by education (overall and within race/ethnic groups) effects also show a polarized relative distribution, with more cases of the least educated men at the upper and lower tails of the BMI distribution. For women, Blacks have a greater probability of high BMI values largely due to a right-shifted BMI distribution relative to White women. Women with less education also have a BMI distribution shifted to the right compared to the most educated women.

scholarly journals “I never heard anything about it”: Knowledge and psychosocial needs of Latina breast cancer survivors with lymphedema

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174550652110024
Author(s):  
Lydia P Buki ◽  
Zully A Rivera-Ramos ◽  
Marlen Kanagui-Muñoz ◽  
Puncky P Heppner ◽  
Lizette Ojeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Latina Women ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema

Objective: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among Latina women in the United States. One aspect of recovery that has been underrepresented in the English-language literature is the recovery of Latina women who have developed lymphedema, a debilitating condition characterized by persistent swelling of the arm, hand, chest, and/or breast. To fill this research gap, a study was conducted to examine the lived experiences of Latina women with breast cancer-related lymphedema. Methods: Given the limited scholarship on this topic, qualitative methods were used to obtain a foundational and nuanced understanding of Latina women’s experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 10 Latina survivors with breast cancer-related lymphedema. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis and constant comparison methodology. Results: The data analysis yielded three major themes: knowledge of lymphedema, impact of lymphedema diagnosis, and coping with lymphedema. Participants had limited knowledge of lymphedema and its risk factors upon diagnosis, in addition to barriers accessing quality care. They also noted psychological distress related to a significant financial burden as well as social anxiety related to interacting with others while wearing compression gloves or sleeves. A major coping strategy was receiving social support from friends, family, peers in structured support groups, and spiritual/religious groups or practices. Conclusions: Our findings bring to light contextual factors that may place Latina breast cancer survivors at increased risk for lymphedema and for experiencing a high burden managing their condition. Recommendations are provided for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

scholarly journals Factors associated with sunbed use among 3692 outpatients in 18 centers of the Italian Cancer League (LILT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Mastroeni ◽  
Francesca Sampogna ◽  
Nidia Melo Salcedo ◽  
Francesco Ricci ◽  
Luca Fania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Indoor Tanning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Skin Cancer Prevention ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractIndoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. Nonetheless, its use is still widespread. We aimed to investigate the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of sunbed users in a group of participants in the skin cancer prevention campaign organized by the Italian Cancer League (LILT). During almost 2 years, 4409 individuals were screened in 18 centers. Participants reported having used sunbeds before the age of 15 years in 2.2% of cases, while after age 15 the prevalence of use was 22.2%. Participants with complete information were 3692. Sunbed users aged > 15 years were significantly more frequently females, young, living in Northern Italy, highly educated, and current or former smokers. They had darker phototype, more common nevi, had used sunbeds more frequently before the age of 15, reported a history of sunburns, and use of sunscreens. Indoor tanning is an important public health issue and a relevant target for primary prevention. However, not all countries have adopted the recommendations issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) on health risks associated with artificial tanning. A deeper insight into the topic may contribute to identify the best prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Very Young Child Survivors’ Perceptions of Their Father’s Suicide: Exploring Bibliotherapy as Postvention Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11384
Author(s):  
Cortland Watson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Cutrer-Párraga ◽  
Melissa Heath ◽  
Erica E. Miller ◽  
Terrell A. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Child Survivors ◽  
Increased Risk

Each year in the United States, 7000 to 30,000 children experience their parent’s suicide. Due to the stigma associated with suicide, feelings of guilt, and intense grief, surviving family members avoid talking about suicide. Over time, children struggle with confusion and intense emotions associated with their parent’s suicide. In this study, seven adults, who reported being younger than six years old at the time of their father’s suicide, participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Participants’ responses highlight the challenges that young children face due to limited memories of their deceased parent. Interviews concluded with an opportunity for participants to review and express their impressions of 10 children’s picture books. Participants offered impressions about how these books may or may not be helpful in supporting young child survivors. Implications for applied practice include considering how children’s literature may open communication and assist children in navigating Worden’s tasks of grief: (a) accepting the reality of their parent’s death; (b) facing the grief and pain; (c) adapting to life changes due to their father’s suicide, in particular adapting to altered family relationships; and (d) building memories of the deceased loved one, when possible, to ensure healthy attachment to the deceased parent. Participants’ insights provide considerations for selecting children’s literature for bibliotherapy. Due to young child survivors’ increased risk for attempting and completing suicide, supporting child survivors of parent suicide not only addresses postvention needs but aligns with suicide prevention.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document