Review of Terminology, Classifications, and Indices of Developmental Defects of Enamel

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Dde Index ◽  
Developmental Defects Of Enamel

A wide variety of terms and definitions are used to describe various developmental defects of enamel. Some are simple descriptive clinical terms, and others are linked with the causative agent or the histopathology of the defect. Some confusion exists as to the most appropriate type of index to use to measure defects of enamel due to fluoride ingestion (dental fluorosis). This is primarily due to difficulties some researchers have in distinguishing between defects of fluoride and non-fluoride origin. This problem has resulted in the development of specific fluorosis indices and purely descriptive indices. The main fluorosis indices are those of Dean, Thylstrup and Fejerskov, and the TSIF Index. Dean's Index does not provide adequate information on the distribution of fluorosis within the dentition and is not sensitive at high fluorosis levels. The Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index is related to the histology of fluorosis; however, the initial minute changes observed on dry enamel surfaces are of little esthetic importance. The TSIF Index does overcome some of the limitations of Dean's Index. The DDE Index has replaced the Al-Alousi Index as the main descriptive index. The DDE Index is time-consuming, and the analyses of data are complicated. Modifications have now been proposed to make it simpler to use and the data more meaningful. Further research needs to be carried out into both the validity of the fluorosis indices and making the DDE Index more universally acceptable.

Developmental Defects of Enamel in Chinese Girls and Boys in Hong Kong

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. King
Keyword(s):  
Public Water Supply ◽  
White Patch ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chinese Girls ◽  
Dde Index ◽  
Developmental Defects Of Enamel ◽  
Common Defect

The FDI (DDE) Index-with some modifications and a re-designed recording sheet-was used to determine the prevalence of the different types of developmental defects of enamel. The public water supply contained 1.0 ppm when the children were born and 0.7 ppm at the time of the examinations. All surfaces of the teeth of 460 female and 484 male, 12-year-old, Chinese children were examined after the teeth had been cleaned and dried. Mouth prevalences for all types of opacities, hypoplasia, and discoloration were 99.6%, 82.8%, and 16.6%, respectively. There was no apparent statistically significant difference between girls and boys. However, a statistically significant difference was seen between the sexes for white patches (p < 0.05), missing enamel (p<0.05), and horizontal grooves (p<0.01). There were 811 (85.7%) children with more than 13 teeth affected by opacities, and 417 (44.2%) children had more than four teeth affected by hypoplasia. The most common defect was the diffuse white patch, and the least common was the vertical groove. There were 189 (39.0%) boys with between four and 12 teeth affected by more than two types of defect per tooth. White lines were the most difficult defect to diagnose reproducibly. Intra-examiner reproducibility for all other defects achieved levels of "almost perfect" and "substantial" by calculation of the Kappa coefficient.

Enamel Defects in Maxillary Central Incisors of Infants with Unilateral Cleft Lip

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cristina Gomes ◽  
Lucimara Teixeira das Neves ◽  
Marcia Ribeiro Gomide
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Tooth Cleaning ◽  
Dental Mirror ◽  
Developmental Defects Of Enamel ◽  
Common Defect

Objective: To evaluate the presence of enamel alterations in deciduous maxillary central incisors of infants with unilateral cleft lip and alveolar ridge, with or without cleft palate, and to compare the occurrence and location of these alterations between the central incisor adjacent to the cleft and the contralateral incisor. Design: Intraoral clinical examination was performed after tooth cleaning and drying by a single examiner with the aid of a dental mirror, dental probe, and artificial light, with the child positioned on a dental chair. The defects were recorded in a standardized manner according to the criteria of the Modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index. Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRAC) at Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Patients: One hundred one infants were evaluated. All were white, of both genders, aged 12 to 36 months and had at least two thirds of the crowns of maxillary incisors erupted. Results: Demarcated opacity was the most common defect at both cleft and noncleft sides, followed by diffuse opacity. The occurrence of hypoplasia at the cleft side was 11.8%. Most defects affected less than one third of the crown. Conclusion: The occurrence of enamel defects in deciduous maxillary central incisors of patients with unilateral cleft lip was 42.6%, mainly affecting the cleft side as to both number and severity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in children and adolescents with asthma

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigho Pelisson Guergolette ◽  
Cássia Cilene Dezan ◽  
Wanda Terezinha Garbelini Frossard ◽  
Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Alcindo Cerci Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Developmental Defects Of Enamel

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDEs) in relation to asthma severity, symptom onset and pharmacological treatment in pediatric asthma patients. METHODS: Children and adolescents (68 asthma patients and 68 controls), 5-15 years of age and residents of the city of Londrina, Brazil, were enrolled in the study. Medical and dental histories were collected through the use of a structured questionnaire. Each participant underwent a dental examination in which the examiner employed the DDE index. RESULTS: Of the 68 asthma group subjects, 61 (89.7%) presented dental enamel defects, compared with only 26 (38.2%) of those in the control group. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we estimated the risk of DDEs in permanent dentition to be 11 times higher in pediatric subjects with asthma than in those without (OR = 11.88, p = 0.0001). The occurrence of dental enamel defects correlated with greater asthma severity (p = 0.0001) and earlier symptom onset (p = 0.0001). However, dental enamel defects did not correlate with the initiation of treatment (p = 0.08) or the frequency of medication use (p = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with severe, early-onset asthma are at increased risk of dental enamel defects and therefore require priority dental care.

scholarly journals Prevalence Of Developmental Defects Of Enamel Among 16-Year-Old Children In Malaysia

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Nik-Hlissein NN ◽  
Majid ZA ◽  
Mutalib KA ◽  
Abdullah F ◽  
Abang A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Developmental Defects Of Enamel

Risk of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth with Developmental Defects of Enamel: A Longitudinal Study with a Multilevel Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-674
Author(s):  
Suzane Paixão-Gonçalves ◽  
Patrícia Corrêa-Faria ◽  
Fernanda Morais Ferreira ◽  
Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge ◽  
Saul Martins Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Multilevel Approach ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Developmental Defects Of Enamel

The risk of dental caries seems to be greater in the presence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE). The aim was to determine whether the presence of DDE in the primary teeth of preschool children increases the risk of dental caries in the primary dentition after a period of approximately 2 years. This study was conducted in two stages: baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1). At T0, examinations were conducted for the diagnosis of enamel defects using the DDE index (FDI, 1992), dental caries, and oral hygiene. The participants were allocated to two groups according to the presence (affected) or absence (unaffected) of DDE. At the second evaluation (T1), examinations were performed for the diagnosis of dental caries. Poisson regression analysis with a multilevel approach was used to determine the association between DDE and dental caries. The two levels of the analysis were tooth and child. Among the 339 children (113 affected and 226 unaffected) examined at baseline (T0), 325 were re-examined at follow-up (T1). According to the multilevel analysis, teeth with enamel hypoplasia had a greater risk of having dental caries (RR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.19–3.33). The risk of caries was greater on posterior teeth (RR: 2.59; 95% CI: 2.18–3.07) and maxillary teeth (RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.26–1.75) that had DDE at T0. On the child level, dental caries at T1 was associated with having dental caries at T0 (RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.32–1.46). In conclusion, enamel hypoplasia and previous dental caries are risk factors for carious lesions in the primary dentition.

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