Interferences With Urine Drug Screens

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Herring ◽  
Andrew J. Muzyk ◽  
Cynthia Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Nonmalignant Pain ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Drug Assays ◽  
Chronic Nonmalignant Pain ◽  
Urine Drug Screening

Qualitative urine drug assays are frequently used in conjunction with opioid contracts as a means of monitoring use of prescribed controlled substances as well as concurrent use of illicit substances in patients receiving opioids for chronic nonmalignant pain (CNMP) management. Appropriate use of these screening tests, in conjunction with opioid contracts, may provide the health care provider with additional information needed to safely prescribe opioids for selected individuals with CNMP. It is important for the practitioner caring for patients subject to random urine drug screening to understand interferences with the commonly used urine drug assays, as well as knowing options to confirm contested test results. We reviewed the literature on urine drug assay test interferences and present a summary of this information in this article.

scholarly journals Effect of urine adulterants on commercial drug abuse screening test strip results

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Ivana Rajšić ◽  
Dragana Javorac ◽  
Simona Tatović ◽  
Aleksandra Repić ◽  
Danijela Đukić-Ćosić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Validity Tests

AbstractImmunochromatographic strips for urine drug screening tests (UDSTs) are common and very suitable for drug abuse monitoring, but are also highly susceptible to adulterants kept in the household, which can significantly alter test results. The aim of this study was to see how some of these common adulterants affect UDST results in practice and whether they can be detected by sample validity tests with pH and URIT 11G test strips. To this end we added household chemicals (acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents, surfactants, and miscellaneous substances) to urine samples positive for amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), tetrahydrocannabinol, heroin, cocaine, or benzodiazepines (diazepam or alprazolam) and tested them with one-component immunochromatographic UDST strips. The UDST for cocaine resisted adulteration the most, while the cannabis test produced the most false negative results. The most potent adulterant that barely changed the physiological properties of urine specimens and therefore escaped adulteration detection was vinegar. Besides lemon juice, it produced the most false negative test results. In conclusion, some urine adulterants, such as vinegar, could pass urine specimen validity test and remain undetected by laboratory testing. Our findings raise concern about this issue of preventing urine tampering and call for better control at sampling, privacy concerns notwithstanding, and better sample validity tests.

Urine Drug Screening

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Keyword(s):  
Drug Screening ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Radioimmune Assay ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Urine Drug Screening

Illicit substance use among children and adolescents is a major health concern in our society. Increasingly, pediatricians are confronted by parents requesting that their children be tested for illicit drugs. Pediatricians and other practitioners, therefore, should be knowledgeable about drug testing techniques and understand how to interpret the results. Likewise, the legal and ethical issues surrounding drug testing should be evaluated thoroughly. The four urine drug screening tests used most commonly are: radioimmune assay (RIA), enzyme-multiplied immunoassay test (EMIT), fluorescent polarization immunoassay (FPIA), and latex agglutination test (ONTRAK). According to Schwartz, these newer, more sensitive immunoassay tests essentially have replaced the older, conventional thin-layer chromatography methodology, which required larger sample sizes and longer turn-around times.

scholarly journals Power of Automated Algorithms for Combining Time-Line Follow-Back and Urine Drug Screening Test Results in Stimulant-Abuse Clinical Trials

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal L. Oden ◽  
Paul C. VanVeldhuisen ◽  
Paul G. Wakim ◽  
Madhukar H. Trivedi ◽  
Eugene Somoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Stimulant Abuse ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Automated Algorithms ◽  
Urine Drug Screening

Passive Exposure to Cocaine in Medical Personnel and its Effect on Urine Drug Screening Tests

1992 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Kavanagh ◽  
Amado Gabriel Maijub ◽  
James R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Drug Screening ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Urine Screening ◽  
Passive Exposure ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Cocaine Hydrochloride ◽  
Urine Drug Screening

This report studies the importance of passive exposure of medical personnel to cocaine hydrochloride and its impact on urine screening testing. Eleven medical staff members were exposed to cocaine hydrochloride by means of aerosol and cutaneous application, similar to that which may occur in medical practice. Urine drug screening tests were negative for everyone tested. This finding is supported by known drug kinetics. It is unlikely that a single passive exposure of medical staff to cocaine hydrochloride will produce a positive urine screening test. In all cases of positive urine tests, contaminants should be tested for which may indicate a source of the drug. The routine use of gloves and masks—which is recommended to prevent HIV infection—should further decrease medical personnel's passive exposure to cocaine hydrochloride.

scholarly journals Urinary extract profiles of illegal substances at psychiatry and dependency clinics: three years report

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Pelin Tanyeri ◽  
Ahmet Bulent Yazici ◽  
Mehmet Emin Buyukokuroglu ◽  
Esra Yazici ◽  
Atila Erol
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Multiple Substance ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Urine Drug Screening

Background: Substance abuse is a serious problem all over the world. There are many studies report the illegal substance use profile but few studies present their toxicology laboratory analysis. This study reports a quantitative profile of (Urine Drug Screening)) for illegal substances in Sakarya-Turkey.Methods: This study presents the urine analysis of all illegal substances which were made in the laboratory of Sakarya Training Research Hospital between March 2012 and February 2015. The results obtained from socio-demographic data and urine tests of patients were analyzed by examining their hospital record files. Urine drug screening was conducted with immunoassay quantitative analysis.Results: People subjected to substance analysis (n=2948) ages vary between 12 and 76, their mean age was 28.30±9.46. 96.74% (n=2852) of them were males. Substance positivity was determined in 34.73% of all patients (n=1024/2948) and their ages varied between 14 and 70 and their mean age was 29.39±9.65. Distribution of the urine positivity of the substances contained: marijuana 79, 5% (n=814), amphetamine 30.17% (n=309), ecstasy 23.74% (n=199), benzodiazepine 9,1% (n=94), synthetic cannabinoid 4.9% (n=12/243); opioid 5.2% (n=54), cocaine 1.67% (n=14) and multiple substance 29.9% (n=308).Conclusions: According to this study, marijuana is the most frequently used substance and multiple substance use is common. Synthetic cannabinoid seems to take place rapidly among the users. Updating the kits is important to reach the correct information in drug screening tests.

Urine Drug Screening

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 18???22
Author(s):  
Albert Jekelis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Screening ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Urine Drug Screening

scholarly journals Evaluation of an opioid risk mitigation initiative for veterans undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty at San Francisco Veterans Affairs Heath Care System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Rife ◽  
Christina Tat ◽  
Mahsa Malakootian
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Drug Screen ◽  
Urine Drug Screen ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Medication Disposal ◽  
Urine Drug Screening

Abstract Purpose Guidelines recommend evaluating the risk of opioid-related adverse events prior to initiating opioid therapy. The orthopedic service at San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVHCS) has not routinely used risk assessment tools such as the Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Mitigation, prescription drug monitoring program data, and urine drug screening prior to opioid prescribing. A quality improvement project was conducted to evaluate the number of pharmacist-provided opioid risk mitigation recommendations implemented by orthopedic providers for patients who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty at SFVHCS. Summary A pharmacist-led workflow for completing risk mitigation reviews was developed in collaboration with orthopedic providers, and urine drug screening was added to the preoperative laboratory testing protocol. The following recommendations were communicated via electronic medical record: limit postoperative opioids to a 7- or 14-day supply based on risk of suicide and/or overdose, offer naloxone and a medication disposal bag, and order a urine drug screen if not already completed. Risk reviews were completed for 75 patients. Among 64 patients with 2-month postdischarge data available, 88% (7 of 8) of 7-day and 79% (44 of 56) of 14-day opioid supply recommendations were implemented; 41% (26 of 59) of recommendations to issue a medication disposal bag, 17% (2 of 12) recommendations to order a missing urine drug screen, and 9% (5 of 55) of recommendations to offer naloxone were implemented. Conclusion Pharmacist-performed risk mitigation reviews paired with individualized recommendations led to high rates of orthopedic provider acceptance of limiting postdischarge opioid day supplies for patients who had total hip or knee arthroplasty. Alternative strategies may increase access to naloxone. Future research should examine the impact of risk mitigation tools in reducing prescribing of long-term opioid therapy and adverse events among orthopedic surgical patients.

Biodegradation studies as an important way to estimate the environmental fate of chemicals

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Andreja Žgajnar Gotvajn ◽  
Jana Zagorc-Končan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Assessment Tests ◽  
Ready Biodegradability ◽  
Biodegradability Assessment

Biodegradation is confirmed as an important mechanism of organic chemicals removal in natural systems. Estimation of biodegradability of chemicals which reach the aquatic environment in significant or even negligible quantities is necessary in assessing the entire hazard associated with their use. The aim of our study was to compare the standardized ready biodegradability assessment test (closed bottle test) and its modifications, employing the basic agreements on test principles of simulation of biodegradation in surface waters, yet no official standard method has been adopted. The standard test was modified using various natural river waters and a variety of nutrient conditions and microbial species trying to simulate the natural environment in the simplified way. Tests were performed with two compounds with different ability to degrade. Experiments indicate that predictability of biodegradation obtained by ready biodegradability assessment tests for surface waters in many cases is not reliable, because of different conditions, which may prevail in surface waters over time and affect biodegradation. However, the use of natural waters in screening tests assures additional information on fate of chemicals in rivers and lakes.

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