University Spin-offs in the Commercialization of Research

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Rappert
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
The Public ◽  
Funded Research ◽  
Sector Research ◽  
Public Sector Research ◽  
Ongoing Concern

The desire to exploit intellectual property (IP) in the public sector research base has been an ongoing concern of those within as well as outside government. In this paper, the author compares the regional success of UK university spin-off firms (USOs) in managing the exploitation of IP through both informal and formal linkages with universities. The central finding is that USOs do not resolve problems endemic to the commercialization of publicly funded research.

The Government and Pharmaceutical Innovation: Looking Back and Looking Ahead

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaven N. Sampat
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Pharmaceutical Innovation ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Funded Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Looking Back

AbstractCurrent debates about the roles of the public and private sectors in pharmaceutical innovation have a long history. The extent to which, and ways in which, the public sector supports drug innovation has implications for assessments of the returns to public research funding, taxpayer rights in drugs, the argument the high prices are needed to support drug innovation, and the desirability of patenting publicly funded research.

The exploitation of publicly funded research intellectual property in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-502
Author(s):  
Haswira Nor Mohamad Hashim ◽  
◽  
Muhamad Helmi Muhamad Khair ◽  
Anida Mahmood ◽  
Rohazar Wati Zuallcobley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Public ◽  
Funded Research ◽  
Property System ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

This article reports a study that aims to formulate an outbound open innovation strategy for the exploitation of publicly funded research intellectual property in Malaysia. The outbound open innovation strategy is proposed due to the inability of the existing intellectual property commercialization strategy of Malaysian public universities to optimize the exploitation of publicly funded research intellectual property. The current strategy assumes that the best exploitation route is by way of commercialization to enable the public universities to monetize the publicly funded research intellectual property. This strategy creates a legal barrier since publicly funded research intellectual property is locked up behind proprietary rights and a rigid licensing regime. In contrast, outbound open innovation strategy allows publicly funded research intellectual property to be exploited through permissive licensing. This study employs a mixed-methods approach involving semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires with technology licensing officers of Malaysian public universities. The output of this study is an outbound open innovation strategy which connects innovation to the intellectual property system and improves the socio-economic impact of publicly funded research intellectual property.

Mergers and acquisitions in the public research sector. Toward a comprehensive typology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Heller-Schuh ◽  
Benedetto Lepori ◽  
Martina Neuländtner
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Public Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Sector ◽  
Sector Research ◽  
Public Sector Research ◽  
First Time

Abstract While the literature on firm mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is quite extensive, systematic approaches to analyze mergers in the public research sector are still scarce and focus only on the higher education sector. This article provides, for the first time, systematic empirical evidence on the extent and characteristics of M&A in public-sector research in Europe, by building on a novel dataset comprising demographic events since the year 2000. The goal of this study is to characterize such events in terms of organizations involved, types of events, and regional distribution. We find that M&A constituted a major change process within European public research. Nearly 400 events occurred in Europe between 2000 and 2016 with an increasing trend over time; M&A involved nearly one-fifth of public-sector research organizations and were geographically distributed across two-fifths of all European regions. Demographic events concerned primarily specialist institutions and to a larger extent public research entities and colleges. While the strong involvement of colleges was expected from the literature, for the first time we can show the extensive restructuring which took place in the public research entity sector. On the contrary, well known and prestigious university mergers, largely driven by the quest for international visibility, constituted only 10% of the events. Finally, we identified six broad groups of events characterized in terms of two dimensions, i.e. whether the involved organizations are active on the same or different markets and the extent of overlap between subject offerings.

scholarly journals Contribution of policy change on maize varietal development and yields in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latha Nagarajan ◽  
Anwar Naseem ◽  
Carl Pray
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
The Public ◽  
Varietal Development ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Maize Yields

Purpose Since the start of seed and other market reforms in the 1990s, the annual number of improved varietal releases for maize in Kenya has increased substantially. Prior to the reforms, private firms were restricted in introducing new varieties, could not protect their intellectual property and farmers had to rely exclusively on improved seeds developed and marketed by the public sector. Reforms have resulted in not only private firms entering the market and releasing improved varieties, but also an increase in varietal releases by the public sector. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the key policy reforms related to maize in Kenya, and their impacts on varietal development and yields. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimate a yield model that relates national maize yields to a number of input policy variables. The authors employ a two-stage least square regression, as one of the explanatory variables – the number of varietal releases – is likely endogenous with yield. The authors use policy variables such as public R&D, the number of plant breeder’s rights issued, and the years since private varieties have been introduced as instrument variables to estimate their influence new varietal releases directly, and then new varieties, inputs and other policies to measure their impact on yields. Findings The results show that policy changes such as the introduction of intellectual property rights had an important impact on the number of improved maize varieties released. However, the outcomes of the policy change such as the number of varieties and the share of area under improved varieties has no impact on increasing maize yields. The authors argue that this is because farmers continue to use older improved varieties because of the dominance of a parastatal in the maize, seed market and that newer improved varieties may not have the assumed yield advantage. Future policy and programs should be directed toward increasing the adoption of improved varieties rather than simply releasing them. Originality/value This paper provides evidence that while policy change may lead to new varietal development and release, its aggregate productivity impacts may be limited without additional reforms and intervention.

scholarly journals Perspectives of introduction sustainable procurement in public procurement in Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Irina Romodina ◽  
Maxim Silin
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Sustainable Procurement ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Sustainable Economy ◽  
Sector Research ◽  
Public Sector Research

The paper is about sustainable public procurement as a new global trend in the development of a sustainable economy. The main question raised is the following: how could sustainable public procurement be implemented in Russia? We aim to answer the question by presenting the findings of survey, covering public procurement practices of 51 contracting authorities and documentation analysis of 400 public tenders, and investigating Russian legislation. The conducted survey aims to identify the aspects of sustainable public procurement already used by public authorities in procuring practices in Russia. The analysis of Russian legislation allows to define in which sections of procurement documentation different aspects of sustainability could be included. This paper provides a unique survey of sustainable procurement practices across the Russian public sector. Research also shows the prerequisites of implementation of sustainable public procurement in Russia.

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