HIV testing among male partners of pregnant women in Nigeria: a missing link in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babayemi O Olakunde ◽  
Daniel A Adeyinka ◽  
Tolulope Oladele ◽  
Chamberline E Ozigbu
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Pmtct Programme ◽  
Combination Prevention ◽  
Partner Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mother To Child

In this study, we assessed male partner testing and the serodiscordance rate among pregnant women and their partners in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme in Nigeria. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the consolidated national health sector PMTCT data over a five-year period (2012–2016). Over the period, a total of 11,833,062 pregnant women were tested for HIV with a positivity rate of 2.2%. About 266,188 (2.2%) of sexual partners of pregnant women who presented at PMTCT clinics had an HIV test within the period. The uptake of male partner testing varied across the years, ranging from 22,269 (1.7%) in 2012 to 90,603 (2.9%) in 2014 (χ2 for trend = 1320; p < 0.001). Overall, the proportion of partners of HIV-negative pregnant women who tested was higher than the proportion of partners of HIV-positive pregnant women (81% versus 19%, respectively). The serodiscordance rate among partners who tested over the five-year period was 18%. The serodiscordance rate declined from 24% in 2012 to 13% in 2016 (χ2 for trend = 1202; p < 0.001). Partner testing in the PMTCT programme in Nigeria has remained low in the last five years while the clinic-based serodiscordance rate among partners appears to be declining. There is a need for multilevel interventions to address the possible barriers to partner testing in the PMTCT programme and intensification of the HIV combination prevention approach in the HIV response.

scholarly journals HIV Retesting of HIV-Negative Pregnant Women in the Context of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Primary Health Centers in Rural Zambia: What Did We Learn?

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821882353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Mandala ◽  
Prisca Kasonde ◽  
Titilope Badru ◽  
Rebecca Dirks ◽  
Kwasi Torpey
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: This observational study describes implementation of HIV retesting of HIV-negative women in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in Zambia. Methods: Uptake of retesting and PMTCT services were compared across age, parity, and weeks of gestation at the time of the first HIV test, antiretrovirals regime, and HIV early diagnosis results from infants born to HIV-positive mothers. Results: A total of 19 090 pregnant women were tested for HIV at their first antenatal visit, 16 838 tested HIV-negative and were offered retesting 3 months later: 11 339 (67.3%) were retested; of those, 55 (0.5%) were HIV positive. Uptake of the PMTCT package by women HIV positive at retest was not different but HIV-exposed infants born to women who retested HIV positive were infected at a higher rate (11.1%) compared to those born to women who tested HIV positive at their initial test (3.2%). Conclusion: We suggest rigorously (1) measuring the proportion of MTCT attributable to women who seroconvert during pregnancy and possibly adjust PMTCT approaches and (2) addressing the substantial loss to follow-up of HIV-negative pregnant women before HIV retesting.

scholarly journals Prevention of mother-to-child transmission in HIV audit in Xhosa clinic, Mahalapye, Botswana

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Tshitenge ◽  
Andre Citeya ◽  
Adewale Ganiyu
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Pmtct Programme ◽  
District Health ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: The Mahalapye district health management team (DHMT) conducts regular audits to evaluate the standard of services delivered to patients, one of which is the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) programme. Xhosa clinic is one of the facilities in Mahalapye which provides a PMTCT programme.Aim: This audit aimed to identify gaps between the current PMTCT clinical practice in Xhosa clinic and the Botswana PMTCT national guidelines.Setting: This audit took place in Xhosa clinic in the urban village of Mahalapye, in the Central District of Botswana.Methods: This was a retrospective audit using PMTCT Xhosa clinic records of pregnant mothers and HIV-exposed babies seen from January 2013 to June 2013.Results: One hundred and thirty-three pregnant women registered for antenatal care. Twenty-five (19%) knew their HIV-positive status as they had been tested before their pregnancy or had tested HIV positive at their first antenatal clinic visit. More than two-thirds of the 115 pregnant women (69%) were seen at a gestational age of between 14 and 28 weeks. About two-thirds of the pregnant women (67%) took antiretroviral drugs. Of the 44 HIV-exposed infants, 39 (89%) were HIV DNA PCR negative at 6 weeks. Thirty-two (73%) children were given cotrimoxazole prophylaxis between 6 and 8 weeks.Conclusion: The PMTCT programme service delivery was still suboptimal and could potentially increase the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Daily monitoring mechanism to track those eligible could help to close the gap.

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Data Analysis Based on Pregnant Women Population from 2012 to 2018, in Nantong City, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-465
Author(s):  
Haiqin Lou ◽  
Xiaoyun Ge ◽  
Biyun Xu ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Yi-Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Antiretroviral Prophylaxis ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Anti Hiv

Background: China has implemented a nation-wide policy to control mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since 2011, yet the efficacy of the control policy is less studied. The aim of the present study was to report the data in the prevention of MTCT of HIV in Nantong city, China. Methods: The screening and prevalence of HIV in pregnant women and the efficacy of prophylaxis in Nantong city, China, January 2012 through December 2018, were analyzed. Results: Among a total population of 410,044 pregnant women, anti-HIV was tested prenatally in 393,658 (96.0%) women and in 16,287 (3.97%) women at delivery. In total, 51 women were confirmed with HIV infection. After exclusion of repeat pregnancies, the overall prevalence of HIV infection was 1.20/10 000 (48/400,377). The prevalence (6.75/10,000) in women tested at delivery was >5-fold higher than that (1.02/10,000) in prenatally screened women. Of 48 HIV-infected women, 12 terminated their pregnancies and 36 others delivered 36 neonates, of whom 35 were followed up. No HIV infection occurred in 24 children born to mothers with antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy along with other preventive measures. Among 11 children born to mothers who did not receive ART during pregnancy because of the absence of prenatal anti-HIV test, none of the 6 children who were delivered by cesarean section and timely administered neonatal antiretroviral prophylaxis was infected, but 2 (40%) of 5 children who were spontaneously delivered and administered delayed antiretroviral prophylaxis were infected. Conclusions: Prenatal identification of HIV infection and timely administration of all preventive measures can completely block MTCT of HIV. The data indicate that more efforts must be taken to ensure that all pregnant women are tested for anti-HIV during pregnancy. For pregnant women who missed prenatal screening, a positive result in rapid anti-HIV test at delivery should be sufficient to take preventive measures to prevent MTCT of HIV.

scholarly journals HIV Screening and Awareness Survey for Pregnant Women in a Remote Area in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Yuping Sun ◽  
Karlene Hewan-Lowe ◽  
Qiang Wu ◽  
Jiang Yu ◽  
Zhiqiu Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Remote Area ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Education Material ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mother To Child

Objective: The number of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China has increased in recent years. HIV screening for pregnant women was performed in a remote area in Xinjiang, as an effort to promote universal HIV screening in pregnant women and to help prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Methods: Pregnant women in Burqin and Jeminay Counties in Xinjiang were offered free voluntary HIV screening. Local mid-level medical workers were trained to use Determine® HIV-1/2 kit for HIV screening. All the tested pregnant women signed a consent form, received HIV education material, and participated in an HIV knowledge survey. Results: All the 890 pregnant women receiving HIV test had negative result. Among these women, 67.6% were Kazakh and 40.9% were farmers. Survey of HIV knowledge showed that these women's awareness about mother-to-child transmission was limited. The levels of HIV knowledge were related with ethnic background, age, education and profession of the pregnant women. Conclusion: The results suggested that HIV infection had not become a significant problem among the pregnant women in this remote area of Xinjiang, but continued efforts to improve the awareness of HIV, especially the knowledge about mother-to-child transmission of HIV, in pregnant women were needed.

Community Based HIV Screening in Pregnant Women and Provision of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Care in Rural Zambia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Shilalukey Ngoma ◽  
Tepa Nkumbula ◽  
Wilbroad Mutale ◽  
Chabala Chishala ◽  
Reuben Mbewe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rural Zambia ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Does facility readiness promote high-quality of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling to pregnant women? A national survey for improving policy of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deogratius Bintabara ◽  
Athanase Lilungulu ◽  
Shakilu Jumanne ◽  
Mzee M. Nassoro ◽  
Bonaventura C. Mpondo
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hiv Testing And Counseling ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Facility Readiness ◽  
Testing And Counseling

Abstract Background Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) is a recommended approach to screen for HIV to all pregnant women during antenatal care (ANC) visits, and all with HIV positive results have to be enrolled into prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program. However, little is known about the relationship between facility readiness and the uptake of PITC to pregnant women attending ANC in Tanzania. Therefore, this study assessed whether the facility readiness promotes the uptake of PITC to the pregnant women attending ANC for the purpose of improving the PMTCT interventions in Tanzania. Methods This study analyzed data for health facilities obtained from the 2014–2015 Tanzania service provision assessment survey. The Primary outcome measure was a composite variable (with score of 0–5) in which its higher scores indicates provision of high-quality of PITC. Also, facilities scored higher in the PMTCT service readiness index were considered to have high readiness to provide PMTCT services. In Poisson regression analyses, a series of models were fitted to assess whether there is an association between provision of high-quality of PITC and facility readiness. In all statistical analysis, a P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of 1853 included first-visit ANC consultations, only about one-third of pregnant women received all five components required for PITC. The mean percentage of PMTCT readiness score was moderate 63.96 [61.32–66.59]%. In adjusted model, we found that facility with high readiness to provide PMTCT services was significantly associated with the provision of high-quality of PITC (model 2: [β = 0.075, P = 0.00]). Conclusion In order to increase high-quality of PITC services, efforts should be made to improve the PMTCT facility readiness by increasing availability of trained staffs, diagnostic tools, and ARTs among health facilities in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Involvement of Male Partners of Pregnant Women in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Haiti: A Mixed-Methods Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798832110060
Author(s):  
Patrice Ngangue ◽  
Middle Fleurantin ◽  
Rheda Adekpedjou ◽  
Leonel Philibert ◽  
Marie-Pierre Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Male Involvement ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mother To Child

This mixed-methods study aimed to determine the level of male involvement in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in Haiti and identify barriers and associated factors. From May to June 2018, a questionnaire was used to measure the level of male involvement. Semistructured interviews with pregnant women were also conducted. Multivariate linear regression and qualitative content analyses were performed to explore factors associated and barriers to male partners’ involvement in PMTCT services. One hundred and two pregnant women living with HIV completed the questionnaire. About 47% of male partners had a high level of involvement. Specifically, 90% financially supported their spouse, and 82% knew her appointment date at the antenatal clinic (ANC). Only 25% of male partners accompanied their spouse to the ANC, and 19% routinely used a condom during sexual intercourse. Factors associated with male involvement in PMTCT were being married and sharing HIV status with the male partner. Male partners with a positive HIV status were more likely to be involved in PMTCT. Qualitative findings revealed that barriers to male involvement included the conflict between opening hours of the ANC and the male partner’s schedule, waiting time at the ANC, and the perception of antenatal care as being women’s business. Overall male partners’ involvement in PMTCT services is moderate. Gender relations, sociocultural beliefs, and care organization are likely to hinder this involvement. Developing and implementing contextually and culturally accepted strategies for male partners of pregnant women could contribute to strengthening their involvement in the PMTCT program.

scholarly journals Female perspectives of male partners’ inclusion in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in KwaZulu-Natal

Curationis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mondli Miya ◽  
Tennyson Mgutshini
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: The South African government intervened by implementing the prevention of mother–to-child transmission programme (PMTCT) to curb the HIV transmission from mother to child during and after pregnancy. The PMTCT programme has been at the forefront of global prevention efforts since 1998. Without treatment, the risk of transmission ranges from one in five to one in two newborns; however, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be reduced to as low as 2%–5% with evidenced interventions. Sub-Saharan Africa, and most particularly South Africa, is the most affected by the pandemic despite having the largest financial investment in PMTCT services across the continent.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to describe and explore the female perspectives of male inclusion in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in KwaZulu-Natal.Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive, explorative study was conducted through in-depth individual interview of pregnant women until data saturation.Results: The findings of the study revealed that the existing design of public hospitals was not wholly conducive to facilitating male inclusion in maternal and child health services. Resources were largely insufficient to support the participation of pregnant mothers and any attempts to support the inclusion of males needed to be based on a clear increase in service provision.Conclusion: The study recommended male partners’ inclusion in the prevention of mother- to-child HIV transmission to support effective management of HIV in pregnancy and PMTCT programmes. The inclusion of men will provide the holistic support needed by pregnant women on PMTCT programmes.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the utilisation of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services by pregnant women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Donald Skinner ◽  
Sakhumzi Mfecane ◽  
Olive Shisana ◽  
Ayanda Nqeketo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Resource Poor Setting ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Mother To Child

The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing the utilisation of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) in a resource poor setting in South Africa. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om faktore te identifiseer wat die benutting van die Voorkoming van Moeder-tot-Kind Oordrag (VMTKO) beïnvloed in ‘n omgewing in Suid-Afrika wat arm is aan hulpbronne. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

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