Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Data Analysis Based on Pregnant Women Population from 2012 to 2018, in Nantong City, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-465
Author(s):  
Haiqin Lou ◽  
Xiaoyun Ge ◽  
Biyun Xu ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Yi-Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Antiretroviral Prophylaxis ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Anti Hiv

Background: China has implemented a nation-wide policy to control mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since 2011, yet the efficacy of the control policy is less studied. The aim of the present study was to report the data in the prevention of MTCT of HIV in Nantong city, China. Methods: The screening and prevalence of HIV in pregnant women and the efficacy of prophylaxis in Nantong city, China, January 2012 through December 2018, were analyzed. Results: Among a total population of 410,044 pregnant women, anti-HIV was tested prenatally in 393,658 (96.0%) women and in 16,287 (3.97%) women at delivery. In total, 51 women were confirmed with HIV infection. After exclusion of repeat pregnancies, the overall prevalence of HIV infection was 1.20/10 000 (48/400,377). The prevalence (6.75/10,000) in women tested at delivery was >5-fold higher than that (1.02/10,000) in prenatally screened women. Of 48 HIV-infected women, 12 terminated their pregnancies and 36 others delivered 36 neonates, of whom 35 were followed up. No HIV infection occurred in 24 children born to mothers with antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy along with other preventive measures. Among 11 children born to mothers who did not receive ART during pregnancy because of the absence of prenatal anti-HIV test, none of the 6 children who were delivered by cesarean section and timely administered neonatal antiretroviral prophylaxis was infected, but 2 (40%) of 5 children who were spontaneously delivered and administered delayed antiretroviral prophylaxis were infected. Conclusions: Prenatal identification of HIV infection and timely administration of all preventive measures can completely block MTCT of HIV. The data indicate that more efforts must be taken to ensure that all pregnant women are tested for anti-HIV during pregnancy. For pregnant women who missed prenatal screening, a positive result in rapid anti-HIV test at delivery should be sufficient to take preventive measures to prevent MTCT of HIV.

scholarly journals Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) Program at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
M Shrestha ◽  
P Chaudhary ◽  
M Tumbhahangphe ◽  
J Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Antiretroviral Prophylaxis ◽  
Mother To Child

Aims: Vertical transmission from mother to fetus is the main route of HIVinfection among children. This study is an effort to review utilization of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services by pregnant women seeking care in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital (PMWH). Methods: Case records of 165 pregnant women with HIV positive status who delivered at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu from April 2005 to Dec 2011 were reviewed. Demographic profile of these women and interventions to prevent mother to child transmission (MTCT) including antiretroviral prophylaxis (ARV), mode of delivery, infant feeding practice as well as HIV status of their children were recorded. Results: Hospital records showed 109262 antenatal attendees and 120823 deliveries including 165 HIV infected women who delivered in this facility. Prevalence of HIV infection among antenatal attendees was 0.11 % and 0.13% in hospital deliveries. Migrant worker spouse (44.2%) was the main source of infection in their wives. Eighty eight (55.7%) out of 150 eligible women received ARV drugs and 97% babies received antiretroviral prophylaxis . Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred in 60% women and caesarean section performed in the rest. While 60.8% women opted for exclusive breast feeding, remaining 39.2% chose formula feeding. For prophylaxis of opportunistic infection, Cotrimoxazole was given to 70.3% children. The incidence of HIV infection in babies born to HIV infected mother was 5.1%. Conclusions: Integrating PMTCT services into existing maternal and child health system can significantly reduce perinatal transmission of HIV infection to children. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11138 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 25-28

scholarly journals Mother-to-child transmission of HIV: positive impacts

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Pamela Palasanthiran
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mother To Child

Mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains the major mode of paediatric HIV infection. Advances in the prevention of MTCT over the past decade and a half represent a major public health achievement. Strategies to prevent MTCT are now the standard of care for countries rich enough to afford the interventions. As such, perinatally acquired HIV in countries like the USA and Europe is now a rare event. With clearly documented declines in MTCT rates in resource rich countries, the focus is shifting towards any downsides of these strategies in pregnant women and for fetuses exposed in utero to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs and to infants postnatally. Cumulative evidence still supports the benefits of these strategies in preventing MCTC of HIV, with continued benefits for HIV pregnant women and their infants, and with minimal adverse outcomes. Knowledge of HIV infection status in pregnancy is critical for identifying the need for MTCT prevention. However, antenatal testing rates to identify HIV infected women is variable and an area that warrants attention. The overwhelming challenge in the 21st century is up scaling the availability of MTCT interventions in resource poor areas where more than 90% of the world?s HIV infected children now reside, and to develop optimal MTCT regimens that can be practically adopted in these settings.

scholarly journals Relationship between placenta malaria and mother to child transmission of HIV infection in pregnant women in South East Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikechukwu I. Mbachu ◽  
Samson D. Ejikunle ◽  
Frederick Anolue ◽  
Chioma N. Mbachu ◽  
Ephraim Dike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals HIV Retesting of HIV-Negative Pregnant Women in the Context of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Primary Health Centers in Rural Zambia: What Did We Learn?

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821882353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Mandala ◽  
Prisca Kasonde ◽  
Titilope Badru ◽  
Rebecca Dirks ◽  
Kwasi Torpey
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: This observational study describes implementation of HIV retesting of HIV-negative women in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in Zambia. Methods: Uptake of retesting and PMTCT services were compared across age, parity, and weeks of gestation at the time of the first HIV test, antiretrovirals regime, and HIV early diagnosis results from infants born to HIV-positive mothers. Results: A total of 19 090 pregnant women were tested for HIV at their first antenatal visit, 16 838 tested HIV-negative and were offered retesting 3 months later: 11 339 (67.3%) were retested; of those, 55 (0.5%) were HIV positive. Uptake of the PMTCT package by women HIV positive at retest was not different but HIV-exposed infants born to women who retested HIV positive were infected at a higher rate (11.1%) compared to those born to women who tested HIV positive at their initial test (3.2%). Conclusion: We suggest rigorously (1) measuring the proportion of MTCT attributable to women who seroconvert during pregnancy and possibly adjust PMTCT approaches and (2) addressing the substantial loss to follow-up of HIV-negative pregnant women before HIV retesting.

scholarly journals Guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission

HIV Medicine ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
EGH Lyall ◽  
M Blott ◽  
A De Ruiter ◽  
D Hawkins ◽  
D Mercy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV

HIV Medicine ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 107-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hawkins ◽  
M. Blott ◽  
P. Clayden ◽  
A. de Ruiter ◽  
G. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Near-infrared spectroscopy of blood plasma with chemometrics towards HIV discrimination during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. D. Freitas ◽  
Ana F. S. Peres ◽  
Lidiane G. Silva ◽  
João V. M. Mariz ◽  
Marcos G. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

AbstractPrevention of mother-to-child transmission programs have been one of the hallmarks of success in the fight against HIV/AIDS. In Brazil, access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy has increased, leading to a reduction in new infections among children. Currently, lifelong ART is available to all pregnant, however yet challenges remain in eliminating mother-to-child transmission. In this paper, we focus on the role of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to analyse blood plasma samples of pregnant women with HIV infection to differentiate pregnant women without HIV infection. Seventy-seven samples (39 HIV-infected patient and 38 healthy control samples) were analysed. Multivariate classification of resultant NIR spectra facilitated diagnostic segregation of both sample categories in a fast and non-destructive fashion, generating good accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. This method is simple and low-cost, and can be easily adapted to point-of-care screening, which can be essential to monitor pregnancy risks in remote locations or in the developing world. Therefore, it opens a new perspective to investigate vertical transmission (VT). The approach described here, can be useful for the identification and exploration of VT under various pathophysiological conditions of maternal HIV. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis as a screening tool for fast and low-cost HIV detection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of syphilis and HIV infection during pregnancy in incarcerated women and the incidence of congenital syphilis in births in prison in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Soares Madeira Domingues ◽  
Maria do Carmo Leal ◽  
Ana Paula Esteves Pereira ◽  
Barbara Ayres ◽  
Alexandra Roma Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Free Women ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of syphilis and HIV infection during pregnancy, the mother to child transmission of syphilis and the incidence of congenital syphilis in incarcerated women in Brazil; to compare these rates to those observed in pregnant women outside of jail; and to verify the maternal factors associated with syphilis infection during pregnancy in free and incarcerated women. We used data from two nationwide studies conducted during the period 2011-2014. The Birth in Brazil study included 23,894 free women cared for in 266 hospitals. The Maternal and Infant Health in Prisons study included 495 incarcerated pregnant women or mothers living with their children, according to a census conducted in 33 female prisons. The same case definitions and data collection methods were used in both studies. The chi-square test was used to compare the characteristics of incarcerated and free women with a significance of 0.05. For incarcerated women, the estimated prevalence of syphilis during pregnancy was 8.7% (95%CI: 5.7-13.1) and for HIV infection 3.3% (95%CI: 1.7-6.6); the estimated mother to child transmission of syphilis was 66.7% (95%CI: 44.7-83.2) and the incidence of congenital syphilis was 58.1 per 1,000 living newborns (95%CI: 40.4-82.8). Incarcerated women had a greater prevalence of syphilis and HIV infection during pregnancy, lower quality of antenatal care and higher levels of social vulnerability. Syphilis infection showed to be an indicator of social vulnerability in free women, but not in incarcerated women. Health initiatives in prison are necessary to reduce healthcare inequalities and should include adequate antenatal and birth care.

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