Nodulo-ulcerative and erythrodermic secondary syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swagata Tambe ◽  
Uddhao Zambare ◽  
Chitra Nayak
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Secondary Syphilis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are both transmitted sexually. Co-infection of HIV and syphilis alters the course of both diseases. Clinical presentation of syphilis in patients of HIV may be atypical. HIV-infected individuals are at risk of developing lues maligna, which is characterized by nodulo-ulcerative lesions associated with severe constitutional symptoms. Erythroderma secondary to generalized papulo-squamous lesions of secondary syphilis is also uncommon. Here we report two cases of atypical presentations of secondary syphilis in HIV-positive patients.

scholarly journals Reversible Thrombocytopenia after Gabapentin in an HIV-Positive Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Mohammed Basith ◽  
Andrew Francis ◽  
Alfredo Bellon
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Inpatient Psychiatric Care ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Gabapentin has become increasingly used in psychiatric practice specifically for anxiety disorders. Even though gabapentin is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat anxiety, physicians sometimes use it as an alternative to benzodiazepines in patients with a history of substance abuse. Gabapentin is also prescribed when individuals are at risk of thrombocytopenia which is not considered a side effect. Among patients at risk of thrombocytopenia are those positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here we present a case of an HIV-positive man who presented for inpatient psychiatric care with severe anxiety and a history of alcohol and benzodiazepine abuse. In this patient, gabapentin worsened thrombocytopenia after repeated exposure to this medication. We suggest caution when considering gabapentin for patients with preexisting low platelet counts, as there seems to be a risk for worsening thrombocytopenia with this antiepileptic in the presence of HIV infection.

Index testing among HIV-positive patients is feasible and successful in identifying additional HIV infections in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Arshad Altaf ◽  
Syed Sharaf Ali Shah ◽  
Safdar Pasha ◽  
Altaf Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Nazia Farrukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Outreach Workers ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Testing Approach ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To assess the feasibility of index testing approach to test the parents and siblings of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive children, and identify HIV-positive individuals. Methods: The study was conducted at Ratodero, Pakistan. Study participants were enrolled from September 2019 to February 2020.  The list of HIV-positive persons was provided by the Provincial Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Control Programme. Families of 706 HIV-positive persons were approached and all of them agreed to participate. The first test was performed by trained outreach workers. All those with a reactive first test were transported to the nearest health facility for further testing and confirmation. Mothers and siblings were tested at home while additional visits were carried out to reach the fathers.  Results: A total of 1766 persons were tested through HIV index testing. Biological siblings accounted for 81% of the contacts. We were able to test 413/463 (89.2%) mothers, 232/413 (56.2%) fathers and 1121/1392 (80.5%) siblings. Out of these, 7 mothers (1.7%) and 22 siblings (2.0%) were confirmed to be HIV-positive, while no one was found to be positive among the fathers. The overall HIV prevalence was 1.6% (29/1766). All HIV-positive persons were guided for treatment and care.  Conclusion: Results indicate that index-testing approach is feasible in Pakistan to expand HIV testing services through home visits.  Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, HIV testing, Pakistan, Index testing, HIV outbreak, Prevalence.

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Subtype Surveillance of African‐Born Persons at Risk for Group O and Group N HIV Infections in the United States

2000 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Sullivan ◽  
Ann N. Do ◽  
Dennis Ellenberger ◽  
Chou‐Pong Pau ◽  
Sindy Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Increase in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus in Sweden, 2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
M Arneborn ◽  
A Blaxhult
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

As of the end of 2007, 8,014 people have been reported as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive in Sweden. About 4,500 of them were still alive and living in Sweden at the end of 2007. Many deaths occurred before effective antiretroviral treatment became available in 1996, and a substantial number of those who tested positive were only temporarily in Sweden. From the late 1980s until 2002, around 300 new cases were reported annually. In recent years, there has been a gradual increase, and in 2007, a total of 541 cases were reported, which is the highest figure since the mid-1980ies, when it first became possible to diagnose HIV infections (Figure 1).

scholarly journals Rapid Assay for Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Group M, HIV-1 Group O, and HIV-2

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3657-3661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana S. Vallari ◽  
Robert K. Hickman ◽  
John R. Hackett ◽  
Catherine A. Brennan ◽  
Vincent A. Varitek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Rapid Assay ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Hiv 1

A rapid immunodiagnostic test that detects and discriminates human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections on the basis of viral type, HIV type 1 (HIV-1) group M, HIV-1 group O, or HIV-2, was developed. The rapid assay for the detection of HIV (HIV rapid assay) was designed as an instrument-free chromatographic immunoassay that detects immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to HIV. To assess the performance of the HIV rapid assay, 470 HIV-positive plasma samples were tested by PCR and/or Western blotting to confirm the genotype of the infecting virus. These samples were infected with strains that represented a wide variety of HIV strains including HIV-1 group M (subtypes A through G), HIV-1 group O, and HIV-2 (subtypes A and B). The results showed that the HIV genotype identity established by the rapid assay reliably (469 of 470 samples) correlates with the HIV genotype identity established by PCR or Western blotting. A total of 879 plasma samples were tested for IgG to HIV by a licensed enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (470 HIV-positive samples and 409 HIV-negative samples). When they were tested by the rapid assay, 469 samples were positive and 410 were negative (99.88% agreement). Twelve seroconversion panels were tested by both the rapid assay and a licensed EIA. For nine panels identical results were obtained by the two assays. For the remaining three panels, the rapid assay was positive one bleed later in comparison to the bleed at which the EIA was positive. One hundred three urine samples, including 93 urine samples from HIV-seropositive individuals and 10 urine samples from seronegative individuals, were tested by the rapid assay. Ninety-one of the ninety-three urine samples from HIV-seropositive individuals were found to be positive by the rapid assay. There were no false-positive results (98.05% agreement). Virus in all urine samples tested were typed as HIV-1 group M. These results suggest that a rapid assay based on the detection of IgG specific for selected transmembrane HIV antigens provides a simple and reliable test that is capable of distinguishing HIV infections on the basis of viral type.

scholarly journals Influence of boarding secondary school environment on HIV positive students in South Western Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Bernard Kihumuro ◽  
David Jolly Muganzi ◽  
Elton George Wandira ◽  
Racheal Alinaiswe ◽  
Jovitah Joselyne Nanyunja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Negative Coping ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive adolescents in secondary school has increased over the years. Little is known on how the students cope to the pressures and demands of their academic and health lives in the boarding secondary schools. This study explored the factors surrounding their anti-retroviral therapy adherence as well as their experiences. Methods We did a qualitative study that employed in-depth interviews amongst purposively selected 19 HIV positive adolescent students in boarding secondary school and seven key informants. Key informants were members of boarding secondary school staff directly taking care of the adolescents living with human immune virus and had spent at least two academic terms in that school. The study participants were recruited from four health facilities in Bushenyi district, southwestern Uganda, and key informants from five boarding secondary schools in Bushenyi. These were engaged in in-depth interviews using an interview guide. Data was transcribed, coded and the content analyzed thematically. Results Adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus in boarding secondary school face challenges similar to adolescents outside boarding school settings. However, some challenges are unique to them. Students faced numerous barriers which made it difficult to adhere to their medication. Stigmatization in its different forms was also a major challenge amongst students. Willingness disclosure of serostatus was beneficial to the students since it guaranteed support while at school; facilitating adherence and better living. However, students were uneasy to disclose their status. Some students adopted negative coping mechanisms such as telling lies, escaping from school, and class to access medication. Conclusions Adolescents in boarding secondary schools face similar challenges as compared to their counterparts with some being unique to them. Few school mechanisms help these students to cope while at school. Limited disclosure has proven useful but some adolescents have opted not to disclose their status and hence used negative coping mechanisms. These challenges need to be addressed and a safe environment to encourage limited disclosure should be made.

Pneumocystis carinii infection in bilateral aural polyps in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Praveen ◽  
R. M. Terry ◽  
M. Elmahallawy ◽  
C. Horsfield
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Infection

Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic infection found in patients with impaired immunity. Under favourable conditions the parasite can spread via the blood stream or lymphatic vessels and cause extrapulmonary dissemination. We report a case of P carinii infection presenting as bilateral aural polyps, otitis media and mastoiditis in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-positive patient with no history of prior or concomitant P carinii infection.

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