Index testing among HIV-positive patients is feasible and successful in identifying additional HIV infections in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Arshad Altaf ◽  
Syed Sharaf Ali Shah ◽  
Safdar Pasha ◽  
Altaf Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Nazia Farrukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Outreach Workers ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Testing Approach ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To assess the feasibility of index testing approach to test the parents and siblings of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive children, and identify HIV-positive individuals. Methods: The study was conducted at Ratodero, Pakistan. Study participants were enrolled from September 2019 to February 2020.  The list of HIV-positive persons was provided by the Provincial Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Control Programme. Families of 706 HIV-positive persons were approached and all of them agreed to participate. The first test was performed by trained outreach workers. All those with a reactive first test were transported to the nearest health facility for further testing and confirmation. Mothers and siblings were tested at home while additional visits were carried out to reach the fathers.  Results: A total of 1766 persons were tested through HIV index testing. Biological siblings accounted for 81% of the contacts. We were able to test 413/463 (89.2%) mothers, 232/413 (56.2%) fathers and 1121/1392 (80.5%) siblings. Out of these, 7 mothers (1.7%) and 22 siblings (2.0%) were confirmed to be HIV-positive, while no one was found to be positive among the fathers. The overall HIV prevalence was 1.6% (29/1766). All HIV-positive persons were guided for treatment and care.  Conclusion: Results indicate that index-testing approach is feasible in Pakistan to expand HIV testing services through home visits.  Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, HIV testing, Pakistan, Index testing, HIV outbreak, Prevalence.

Mandatory HIV testing in critical care/emergency patients

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
DW Unkle
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Seropositive Patient ◽  
Delivery Of Healthcare ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Social Ostracism

Testing for the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains one of the most controversial issues of this decade. Among persons diagnosed to be HIV positive, social ostracism and exaggerated atypical behavior are common. The resulting impact on the delivery of healthcare services to the seropositive patient has raised many ethical and professional dilemmas. Discussion of HIV testing and the subsequent effects of seropositivity on the delivery of healthcare will be emphasized.

scholarly journals HIV Testing and Positivity Patterns of Partners of HIV-Diagnosed People in Partner Services Programs, United States, 2013-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Mesfin S. Mulatu ◽  
Michele Rorie ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
John W. Gilford
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Local Health Departments ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
State And Local

Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) partner services are an integral part of comprehensive HIV prevention programs. We examined the patterns of HIV testing and positivity among partners of HIV-diagnosed people who participated in partner services programs in CDC-funded state and local health departments. Methods: We analyzed data on 21 484 partners submitted in 2013-2014 by 55 health departments. We conducted descriptive and multivariate analyses to examine patterns of HIV testing and positivity by demographic characteristics and geographic region. Results: Of 21 484 partners, 16 275 (75.8%) were tested for HIV; 4503 of 12 886 (34.9%) partners with test results were identified as newly HIV-positive. Compared with partners aged 13-24, partners aged 35-44 were less likely to be tested for HIV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.95) and more likely to be HIV-positive (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.20-1.52). Partners who were male (aOR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97) and non-Hispanic black (aOR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.63-0.74) were less likely to be tested but more likely to be HIV-positive (male aOR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.64-2.01; non-Hispanic black aOR = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.38-1.66) than partners who were female and non-Hispanic white, respectively. Partners in the South were more likely than partners in the Midwest to be tested for HIV (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.35-1.80) and to be HIV-positive (aOR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.81-2.65). Conclusions: Partner services programs implemented by CDC-funded health departments are successful in providing HIV testing services and identifying previously undiagnosed HIV infections among partners of HIV-diagnosed people. Demographic and regional differences suggest the need to tailor these programs to address unique needs of the target populations.

scholarly journals Fear of HIV Infection and Impact of Training on the Attitudes of Surgical and Emergency Nurses Toward Inpatient HIV Testing

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gańczak ◽  
Peter Barss
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Testing Policies ◽  
Previous Training

This study evaluates the association between the degree of fear of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and support for different HIV testing policies. A strong fear of acquiring HIV infection at work was widespread among a sample of 601 Polish surgical and emergency nurses. Most favored inappropriate HIV testing of all surgical patients and inpatients. Previous training about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and experience caring for HIV-positive patients had a significant impact on reducing support for testing of all inpatients but not for testing of surgical patients.

Infectious pseudomonas subglottic stenosis occurring in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ghufoor ◽  
J. Almeyda ◽  
G. Mochloulis ◽  
P. Q. Montgomery ◽  
N. S. Tolley
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Infective Agent

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is emerging as an increasingly common opportunistic infective agent in the immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient (Kielhofner et al., 1992). Improvements in the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has led to longer life expectancy (Graham et al., 1992), and this has changed the incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in this population (Baron and Hollander, 1993). We present a case of a patient with AIDS who developed a fulminant Pseudomonas aeruginosa stenosing subglottic infection. We are unaware of any previous reports of this particular manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State Southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
C. A. Ologunde ◽  
C. O. Anidiobu ◽  
V. O. Oluwasusi ◽  
T. M. Ilesanmi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Adequate Resource

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are major devastating infectious diseases African countries and other regions of the world. TB is a potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs. While HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system; which if left untreated, can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Thus, this study was carried out to monitor the prevalence of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) situation in Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State Southwestern Nigeria. A total of 191 participants were enrolled in this study. Blood and sputum samples were used in screening of HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis respectively. 102(53.4%) participants were confirmed HIV positive cases and 89(46.6%) participants were confirmed as M. tuberculosis-positive cases. The rate of tuberculosis was higher among women than among men and prevalence of HIV was slightly higher among men than among female. The study shows that age group 26 – 30 years have the highest rate of tuberculosis and age group 36 – 40 years have the highest rate of HIV cases while the highest number of TB with HIV co-infection 34 (17.8%) were gotten from the age group 36 – 40years. The rate at which the prevalence of tuberculosis, HIV and their co-infection are rising is due to various challenges facing its eradication. Adequate resource mobilization and effective spending is needed to achieve success. In addition, efforts should be made to improve the surveillance system.

Non–Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Defining Malignancies in Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
Byron P. Demopoulos ◽  
Eleftherios Vamvakas ◽  
Jacqueline E. Ehrlich ◽  
Rita Demopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Context.—Non–acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining malignancies that occur in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the demographics and pathologic features associated with these malignancies have not been completely defined. Objective.—This study describes the age of onset of malignant disease in patients seropositive for HIV and in control patients presumed to be negative for HIV, but with the same primary site. We compare the demographics and histopathology for both groups. Design.—From 1993 to 1997, 57 cases involving HIV-positive patients with malignancies from 16 primary sites were recorded in the Cancer Registry files at Bellevue Hospital; 519 cases involving patients negative for HIV were recorded during this same period. We compared the age at diagnosis, sex, race, tumor histology, stage, and grade between these 2 groups. Results.—The average age of HIV-positive patients was 47.6 years, compared with 60.3 years in the control group (P < .001). When the 16 cancer sites were compared individually, HIV-positive patients were significantly younger at onset of lung (HIV-positive patients/control group) (19/245), skin (11/77), penile (3/5), laryngeal (3/18), tongue (5/16), and colorectal (2/38) carcinomas. Patients infected with HIV had a more frequent history of smoking (41/328; P = .04) and illicit drug use (30/49; P < .001). The HIV-positive patients also were found to have a lower clinical stage of disease, compared with controls, largely due to the higher prevalence of stage 0 tumors (13/46; P = .01). Conclusions.—The finding of younger age at diagnosis in HIV-positive compared to presumed HIV-negative patients may be related in part to earlier detection, as well as preexisting immunosuppression. The specific sites for which a significant difference in age between the HIV-positive and control cases was observed may be related to the mechanisms of immunosurveillance in parts of the body that have ready access to the outside environment. Knowledge of younger age of onset for these malignancies should prompt closer physical examination of these sites by clinicians.

Nodulo-ulcerative and erythrodermic secondary syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swagata Tambe ◽  
Uddhao Zambare ◽  
Chitra Nayak
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Secondary Syphilis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are both transmitted sexually. Co-infection of HIV and syphilis alters the course of both diseases. Clinical presentation of syphilis in patients of HIV may be atypical. HIV-infected individuals are at risk of developing lues maligna, which is characterized by nodulo-ulcerative lesions associated with severe constitutional symptoms. Erythroderma secondary to generalized papulo-squamous lesions of secondary syphilis is also uncommon. Here we report two cases of atypical presentations of secondary syphilis in HIV-positive patients.

Perceptions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing Services Among HIV-Positive Persons Not in Medical Care

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen T. Rudy ◽  
Pamela J. Mahoney-Anderson ◽  
Anita M. Loughlin ◽  
Lisa R. Metsch ◽  
Peter R. Kerndt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Testing Services

scholarly journals HIV infections and AIDS: continuous vigilance needed to contain the epidemic

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The 1 December, known as World AIDS Day since 1988, provides an occasion to raise awareness and take stock of the latest developments in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic.

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