Anonymized Sero-Survey of HIV in a Genitourinary Medicine Clinic Population

An anonymized sero-survey of the prevalence of HIV antibody was performed at an inner city Genitourinary medicine clinic in Birmingham. In 1991 8686 patients undergoing routine serological syphilis tests were anonymously tested for HIV antibodies once during the year. Demographic information was recorded for each sample but they were otherwise unlinked. There were 31 samples which tested positive for anti-HIV 1 from this group compared with 13 diagnosed by concomitant voluntary named testing. Sero-prevalence rates of 0.17% for women and heterosexual men and 4.37% for homosexual/bisexual men were found. No drug users tested positive. The survey provided evidence of occult disease outside the recognized risk behaviour patterns of homosexual men and injecting drug users outside London.

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Prevalence, causes and outcome of vulval pain in a genitourinary medicine clinic population

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/0956462981921738 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 88-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

M L Denbow ◽

M A Byrne

Keyword(s):

Genital Herpes ◽

Vulvar Vestibulitis ◽

Female Patients ◽

Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome ◽

Medicine Clinic ◽

Detailed Assessment ◽

Genitourinary Medicine ◽

Clinic Population

Summary: A detailed assessment was completed on 150 consecutive new female patients attending a walk-in genitourinary medicine clinic, in order to elicit the features of vulval pain. Twenty patients (13.3%) experienced vulval pain, and of these, 15 (75%) had an infective cause demonstrated. Candidiasis was demonstrated in more than half (55%) of them and one-fifth had genital herpes. Of the 5 patients in whom no infection was present, 2 were diagnosed with the vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (VVS) following their referral to the dedicated vulval clinic.

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Early Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific B-Lymphocyte-Derived Antibodies in a High-Risk Population

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00280-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1060-1065 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Odd Odinsen ◽

David Parker ◽

Frans Radebe ◽

Mikey Guness ◽

David A Lewis

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Viral Load ◽

B Cell ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Antibodies ◽

P24 Antigen ◽

Anti Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Diagnosis of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a key driver of the HIV epidemic, remains a public health challenge. The PlasmAcute technology offers an opportunity to detect early anti-HIV antibody responses. B lymphocytes (B cells) were isolated from the blood of seronegative miners in South Africa by using the PlasmAcute method. B-cell lysates and paired sera were tested for anti-HIV-1 antibodies by two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; immunoreactivity was confirmed by Western blotting. All volunteers were tested for HIV type 1 (HIV-1) viral load, p24 antigen, and CD4 count. Sera from HIV-seronegative men who had positive viral loads and were positive for p24 antigen were retested for anti-HIV antibodies after immune complex dissociation. Anti-HIV antibodies were detected in lysates from 16/259 subjects without immunoreactivity in paired sera. Four subjects, one of whom had a positive viral load initially, subsequently seroconverted. Six subjects showed transient anti-HIV-1 antibodies in the lysates and tested negative for all markers at the follow-up. Five subjects without follow-up data initially had lysate-positive/serum-negative samples, and these cases were classified as inconclusive. One subject had lysate antibodies and a detectable viral load but was seronegative at follow-up. In conclusion, lysate-derived anti-HIV-1 B-cell antibodies can be detected prior to seroconversion and earlier than or contemporary with HIV-1 RNA detection.

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OA2-4 Enhancing HIV-1 virion tethering by BST2/tetherin sensitizes productively and latently infected T cells to ADCC mediated by broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies

Journal of Virus Eradication ◽

10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31011-6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

T.N.Q. Pham ◽

S. Lukhele ◽

É.A. Cohen

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Hiv Antibodies ◽

Latently Infected ◽

Anti Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

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HIV media campaigns and HIV-1 testing trends at a London genitourinary medicine clinic, 1985–1993

AIDS ◽

10.1097/00002030-199512000-00010 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1367-1372 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rebecca Griffith ◽

Sundhiya Mandalia ◽

Eduard J. Beck ◽

Colin Kenny ◽

R. Primrose Watkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Media Campaigns ◽

Medicine Clinic ◽

Genitourinary Medicine ◽

Hiv 1

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HIV-1 co-receptor expression and epithelial immune cells of the cervix in asymptomatic women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic

HIV Medicine ◽

10.1111/hiv.12002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 108-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

CP McClure ◽

CA Bowman ◽

I Geary ◽

C Ryan ◽

JK Ball ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Cells ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Medicine Clinic ◽

Genitourinary Medicine ◽

Asymptomatic Women ◽

Hiv 1

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Enhanced Neutralization of HIV by Antibodies Displayed on the S-Layer of Caulobacter crescentus

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00509-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 55 (12) ◽

pp. 5547-5552 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mark Duval ◽

Christopher J. Lewis ◽

John F. Nomellini ◽

Marc S. Horwitz ◽

John Smit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nonhuman Primates ◽

Caulobacter Crescentus ◽

Low Cost ◽

Content Type ◽

Innovative Methods ◽

Hiv Antibodies ◽

The Cost ◽

Anti Hiv Agents ◽

Anti Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACTInnovative methods of prevention are needed to stop the more than two million new HIV-1 infections annually, particularly in women. Local application of anti-HIV antibodies has been shown to be effective at preventing infection in nonhuman primates; however, the concentrations needed are cost prohibitive. Display of antibodies on a particulate platform will likely prolong effectiveness of these anti-HIV agents and lower the cost of goods. Here, we demonstrate that the bacteriumCaulobacter crescentusand its highly expressed surface-layer (S-layer) protein can provide this antibody display platform. Caulobacters displaying protein G, alone or with CD4 codisplay, successfully captured HIV-1-specific antibodies and demonstrated functional neutralization. Compared to soluble antibodies, a neutralizing anti-HIV antibody displayed onCaulobacterwas as effective or more effective at neutralizing diverse HIV-1 isolates. Moreover, when an antibody reactive with an epitope induced by CD4 binding (CD4i) was codisplayed with CD4, there was significant enhancement in HIV-1 neutralization. These results suggest that caulobacters displaying anti-HIV antibodies offer a distinct improvement in the use of antibodies as microbicides. Furthermore, these reagents can specifically evaluate anti-HIV antibodies in concert with other HIV-1 blocking agents to assess the most suitable tools for conversion to scFvs, allowing for direct display within the S-layer protein and further reducing cost of goods. In summary,C. crescentus, which can be easily produced and chemically stabilized at low cost, is well suited for engineering as an effective platform, offering an inexpensive way to produce and deliver HIV-1-specific microbicides.

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