scholarly journals Model-based cognitive neuroscience: Multifield mechanistic integration in practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Povich
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Theory Construction ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Functional Realization ◽  
And Function ◽  
Subset Account

Autonomist accounts of cognitive science suggest that cognitive model building and theory construction (can or should) proceed independently of findings in neuroscience. Common functionalist justifications of autonomy rely on there being relatively few constraints between neural structure and cognitive function. In contrast, an integrative mechanistic perspective stresses the mutual constraining of structure and function. In this article, I show how Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience (MBCN) epitomizes the integrative mechanistic perspective and concentrates the most revolutionary elements of the cognitive neuroscience revolution. I also show how the prominent subset account of functional realization supports the integrative mechanistic perspective I take on MBCN and use it to clarify the intralevel and interlevel components of integration.

scholarly journals Culture Wires the Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise C. Park ◽  
Chih-Mao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

There is clear evidence that sustained experiences may affect both brain structure and function. Thus, it is quite reasonable to posit that sustained exposure to a set of cultural experiences and behavioral practices will affect neural structure and function. The burgeoning field of cultural psychology has often demonstrated the subtle differences in the way individuals process information—differences that appear to be a product of cultural experiences. We review evidence that the collectivistic and individualistic biases of East Asian and Western cultures, respectively, affect neural structure and function. We conclude that there is limited evidence that cultural experiences affect brain structure and considerably more evidence that neural function is affected by culture, particularly activations in ventral visual cortex—areas associated with perceptual processing.

Neuroimaging Correlates for Psychological and Chronic Pain Experiences

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
John A. Sturgeon ◽  
Katherine T. Martucci
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Physical Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Pain Experiences ◽  
And Function

Psychological factors play a key role in the pain experience. Clinical and experimental research has highlighted altered behavioral, cognitive, and emotional responses as endemic in chronic pain populations, which contribute to physical dysfunction and to depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders. Neuroimaging research has complemented the knowledge in this domain by identifying how neural structure and function are altered in chronic pain. Brain processes related to mental illness, emotion, memory, and cognition are distributed throughout the brain and modulate pain processing in both the acute and chronic states. These processes can be targeted both behaviorally and neurophysiologically through noninvasive and nonpharmacological psychological therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Psychological therapies are further supported by emerging neuroimaging research that demonstrates changes in brain structure and function associated with positive changes in patients’ responses to pain and overall improved quality of life.

Cognitive Neuroscience Approaches to Personality Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Poppe ◽  
Angus W. MacDonald III
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter describes a cognitive neuroscience approach to understanding the psychological and neural processes that underlie personality and behavior. It explicates the utility of the cognitive neuroscience approach and the fundamental principles of the methods and how to interpret the findings. The chapter reviews the different neuroimaging tools and approaches that can be used to investigate brain structure and function. In doing so, it provides detailed information about what each method measures and how issues to consider when evaluating these measurements and their functional significance. The chapter provides the reader an appreciation of how understanding brain structure and function in vivo can serve as a bridge between molecular/genetic and symptom-based data to enrich the pathophysiology of personality disorders.

scholarly journals Live imaging of neural structure and function by fibred fluorescence microscopy

EMBO Reports ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1154-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Vincent ◽  
Uwe Maskos ◽  
Igor Charvet ◽  
Laurence Bourgeais ◽  
Luc Stoppini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
And Function

The artist emerges: Visual art learning alters neural structure and function

NeuroImage ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 440-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Schlegel ◽  
Prescott Alexander ◽  
Sergey V. Fogelson ◽  
Xueting Li ◽  
Zhengang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
And Function

Beautiful minds (i.e., brains) and the neural basis of intelligence

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Haier ◽  
Rex E. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Empirical Framework

AbstractThe commentaries address conceptual issues ranging from our narrow focus on neuroimaging to the various definitions of intelligence. The integration of the P-FIT and data from cognitive neuroscience is particularly important and considerable consistency is found. Overall, the commentaries affirm that advances in neuroscience techniques have caused intelligence research to enter a new phase. The P-FIT is recognized as a reasonable empirical framework to test hypotheses about the relationship of brain structure and function with intelligence and reasoning.

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