Prophylactic effect of liposomal N-acetylcysteine against LPS-induced liver injuries

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a challenging clinical event in medicine, particularly because of its ability to present with a variety of phenotypes including that of autoimmune hepatitis or other immune mediated liver injuries. Limited diagnostic and therapeutic tools are available, mostly because its pathogenesis has remained poorly understood for decades. The recent scientific and technological advancements in genomics and immunology are paving the way for a better understanding of the molecular aspects of DILI. This review provides an updated overview of the genetic predisposition and immunological mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of DILI and presents the state-of-the-art experimental models to study DILI at the pre-clinical level.

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Liver Injury and the Macrophage Issue: Molecular and Mechanistic Facts and Their Clinical Relevance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7249

Author(s):

Siyer Roohani ◽

Frank Tacke

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Liver Injury ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Hepatocellular Cancer ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Hepatic Macrophages ◽

Liver Injuries ◽

Microbial Products ◽

Injured Liver

The liver is an essential immunological organ due to its gatekeeper position to bypassing antigens from the intestinal blood flow and microbial products from the intestinal commensals. The tissue-resident liver macrophages, termed Kupffer cells, represent key phagocytes that closely interact with local parenchymal, interstitial and other immunological cells in the liver to maintain homeostasis and tolerance against harmless antigens. Upon liver injury, the pool of hepatic macrophages expands dramatically by infiltrating bone marrow-/monocyte-derived macrophages. The interplay of the injured microenvironment and altered macrophage pool skews the subsequent course of liver injuries. It may range from complete recovery to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular cancer. This review summarizes current knowledge on the classification and role of hepatic macrophages in the healthy and injured liver.

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Perivenous stellate cells are the main source of myofibroblasts and cancer‐associated‐fibroblasts formed after chronic liver injuries

Hepatology ◽

10.1002/hep.31848 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shan‐Shan Wang ◽

Xinyu Thomas Tang ◽

Minghui Lin ◽

Jia Yuan ◽

Yi Jacky Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stellate Cells ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽

Liver Injuries

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The Role of Angioembolization in Hepatic Trauma

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/0003134820973729 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 000313482097372

Author(s):

Ali Cadili ◽

Jonathan Gates

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Operative Management ◽

Hepatic Trauma ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Liver Injuries ◽

Hepatic Injuries ◽

Non Operative Management ◽

Type Of Injury

The liver is one of the most commonly injured solid organs in blunt abdominal trauma. Non-operative management is considered to be the gold standard for the care of most blunt liver injuries. Angioembolization has emerged as an important adjunct that is vital to the success of the non-operative management strategy for blunt hepatic injuries. This procedure, however, is fraught with some possible serious complications. The success, as well as rate of complications of this procedure, is determined by degree and type of injury, hepatic anatomy and physiology, and embolization strategy among other factors. In this review, we discuss these important considerations to help shed further light on the contribution and impact of angioembolization with regards to complex hepatic injuries.

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Gamma-glutamyl carboxylated Gas6 facilitates the prophylactic effect of vitamin K in inhibiting hyperlipidemia-associated inflammatory pathophysiology via arresting MCP-1/ICAM-1 mediated monocyte-hepatocyte adhesion

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108635 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108635

Author(s):

Jijnasa Bordoloi ◽

Dibyajyoti Ozah ◽

Thaneswar Bora ◽

Jatin Kalita ◽

Prasenjit Manna

Keyword(s):

Vitamin K ◽

Prophylactic Effect ◽

Gamma Glutamyl

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A prospective observational study on oral administration of Ellagic Acid and Annona Muricata in patients affected by non-muscle invasive bladder cancer not undergoing maintenance after 6-week intravesical prophylaxis

Urologia Journal ◽

10.1177/03915603211022285 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 039156032110222

Author(s):

Vincenzo Serretta ◽

Ettore De Berardinis ◽

Alchiede Simonato ◽

Alessio Guarneri ◽

Nino Dispensa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Ellagic Acid ◽

Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽

Prophylactic Effect ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Muscle Invasive

Introduction: BCG and MMC shortage and Covid-19 pandemic, more recently, limit accessibility to maintenance regimen in intravesical prophylaxis against recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Ellagic acid (EA) and Annona muricata (AM) exert antitumor activity against different human tumours. An observational prospective study on the prophylactic effect of oral administration of EA+AM in patients avoiding maintenance regimen is presented. Materials and methods: Patients affected by NMIBC and not undergoing maintenance after a 6-week course of intravesical prophylaxis with MMC or BCG were entered. Tis and very high-risk tumours were excluded. After informed consent, the patients were subdivided in relation to the oral assumption or not of EA (100 mg) plus AM (100 mg), daily for 6 months. All patients were submitted to 3-month cytology and cystoscopy. Results: 162 (90%) of 180 entered patients are evaluable, 90 and 72 receiving or not EA+AM. No difference emerged in patients’ characteristics between the two groups. BCG was given in 86 (54%) and chemotherapy in 74 (46%) patients. The recurrence free rate at 3, 6 and 12 months in patients assuming or not EA was 96.5% versus 84.6% ( p = 0.003), 85.4% versus 64.8% ( p = 0.005) and 74.2% versus 60.6% ( p = 0.246), respectively. The recurrence free survival at 12 months in patients assuming or not EA was 63.0% versus 34.5% ( p < 0.0001). Discussion and conclusions: Our study suffers several limits: not randomized trial although prospective, limited number of patients and short follow-up, nevertheless it shows the prophylactic effect of oral EA+AM in absence of maintenance after intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy induction.

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