India @ 75: Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 097172182110470
Author(s):  
V. V. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Science Community ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation ◽  
Practice Of Science ◽  
Total Labour

India was perhaps the only country among the developing world with a colonial past to have organised and established national science community much before it attained its independence. Nehruvian science and technology (S&T) policy in India’s formative years left a distinct imprint in the post-colonial and post-independent India. With a huge population of nearly 1.35 billion people, India is not dependent on food on outside countries since the 1960s. Green and White Revolutions have made immense contribution to develop scientific and technical capacities in agriculture. India’s innovation system, including higher education, has given her some comparative advantage through ‘human capital’ in information technology, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, space research and so on. In export promotion and economic competitiveness in technology-based industries, we lag compared with East Asian ‘Dragons’. India’s informal sector poses a formidable challenge with more than 95% of the total labour force, about 550 million, 90% of which is 8th class dropouts. When we begin to assess our national innovation system, one feature that stands out to research observers is few islands of excellence and vast ‘hinterlands’ of underdeveloped research potential. There is clearly a gap between theory and practice of science policy in India. Our gross expenditure on research and development as a proportion of gross domestic product remained relatively stagnant and, in fact, receded from 0.8% in the 1990s to 0.7% in 2020. In this period, our neighbour, China, left us far behind in S&T for development.

scholarly journals Fostering place-based coalitions between social movements and science for sustainable urban environments: A case of embedded agency

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1386-1411
Author(s):  
Matias Ramirez ◽  
Javier Hernando Garcia Estevez ◽  
Oscar Yandy Romero Goyeneche ◽  
Claudia E Obando Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Regulatory Oversight ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
System A ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

The objective of this paper is to contribute to an important debate concerning the interaction between place-based social movements and the science, technology and innovation system. Our central proposition is that place-based social movements can facilitate unique local heterogeneous alliances with key actors of the science and technology system. A process of bricolage can emerge from these alliances whereby social movements are supported by the technical knowledge of the science community, and in turn, the priorities of the scientists are influenced by the agendas of the social movements, leading to new forms of knowledge production. We build on this to argue that these place-based engagements can create significant agency towards changes in socio-technical and socio-ecological systems in urban environments, especially in societies where regulatory oversight is weaker and social movements in areas that overlap science, technology and innovation are a common expression of civil society demand for change. Our argument is developed through a study of a social movement in defence of an urban wetland in Bogota.

scholarly journals Granger Causal Nexus between Good Public Governance and Unemployment: Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Cristina Boţa-Avram ◽  
Adrian Groşanu ◽  
Paula-Ramona Răchişan ◽  
Sorin Romulus Berinde
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Data Investigation ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Causal Nexus ◽  
Total Labour

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causality between good public governance captured through six World Bank governance indicators and unemployment rate (unemployment as % of the total labour force) as a clear indicator of labour market performance. Although some previous papers have empirically demonstrated the casual nexus between country-level governance and economic development, this study investigates the relation of causality between public governance and the labour market. By employing Granger non-causality tests, we tested two hypotheses with regard to this nexus. We argue that bidirectional Granger causality is predominant for the relation of country-level governance and unemployment. Finally, our paper offers a complex quantitative analysis of the causal nexus between public governance quality and one of the most known labour market activity indicators for an extended panel dataset of countries worldwide for 10 years.

scholarly journals Hidden features in global knowledge production: (re)positioning theory and practice in academic writing

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Windle
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Positioning Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Academic Literacies ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Theory ◽  
Global North

ABSTRACT A key challenge for applied linguistics is how to deal with the historical power imbalance in knowledge production between the global north and south. A central objective of critical applied linguistics has been to provide new epistemological foundations that address this problem, through the lenses of post-colonial theory, for example. This article shows how the structure of academic writing, even within critical traditions, can reinforce unequal transnational relations of knowledge. Analysis of Brazilian theses and publications that draw on the multiliteracies framework identifies a series of discursive moves that constitute “hidden features” (STREET, 2009), positioning “northern” theory as universal and “southern” empirical applications as locally bounded. The article offers a set of questions for critical reflection during the writing process, contributing to the literature on academic literacies.

Angela Davis: political activist, radical intellectual and an inspiration for social work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Belkin Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
Angela Davis ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Radical Intellectual ◽  
The Many ◽  
Social Causes

For many people, Angela Davis is, first and foremost, an icon of the 1960s, a near-mythic figure of that turbulent era and the many radical social causes we now associate with those years. She has spent five decades writing about racial capitalism, the political economy, woman and the prison–industrial complex. However, behind the icon and the image is a longer and more complicated story, one that today has important lessons for social workers and other activists alike. This article will trace her personal history, examine her political trajectory, provide an overview of a few of her principal writings and briefly discuss her connection with the theory and practice of social work.

Dār al-Ṭalīʿah and the Question of Arab Authenticity in the 1960s

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 228-253
Author(s):  
Ahmad Agbaria
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Cultural Authenticity ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Institutional Location

Abstract Cultural institutions and publishing houses have been essential to the making of Arab intellectual conversations in the post-colonial era. The publishing house of Dār al-Ṭalīʿah (est. 1959) played a central role in naturalizing social classifications, ideological views and cultural expectations that have influenced the then-new articulation of the notion of Arab authenticity. Yet, al-Ṭalīʿah was more than a publishing house: it was an intellectual hub that sustained intellectuals and unified them into a coherent group. Despite its centrality, however, the group of authors published by al-Ṭalīʿah has rarely drawn the attention of literary critics or intellectual historians. This article rethinks the connection between ideas and their institutional location, rejecting the conventional view that institutions are only secondary to, or even parasitic on, the supremacy of ideas. Looking at the idea of cultural authenticity (aṣālah) fiercely opposed by al-Ṭalīʿah authors, this article examines the ways the publishing house informed the meaning and deployment of aṣālah during the 1960s, even while rejecting it.

scholarly journals Organizations and national culture

Sociologija ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Mojic
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Organizational Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Multicultural Organizations ◽  
Organizational Study ◽  
The 1960S

The paper deals with the most important contributions in studying cultural influences on organizations. The interest of social scientists in this topic began in the 1960s, based on the belief that it was necessary to overcome the dominant parochialism of US researchers in organizational theory and practice. Increasing internationalization of business activities, especially in the 1970s, imposed the need for large-scale studies and for finding practical solutions to the completely new problems encountered by multicultural organizations whose number was constantly rising. In spite of numerous and serious difficulties in every cross-cultural organizational study, several decades of development in this field have produced important theoretical and empirical contributions, enabling further advances in this scientific and practical discipline.

scholarly journals Industries without Smokestacks

2018 ◽  
pp. 232-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
António S. Cruz ◽  
Fausto J. Mafambissa
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
Aggregate Growth ◽  
Total Labour

Under the current international economic conditions, where Asian countries are strong competitors in the manufacturing commodities, low-income countries like Mozambique could attempt to compete in industries without smokestacks. Fruits and vegetables, agro-processing goods, and various tradable services are estimated to have contributed 1.9 per cent to annual average gross domestic product growth in 1993–2015, when the aggregate growth was 7.8 per cent. Around 80 per cent of the total labour force is dedicated to primary activities, producing 25 per cent of the aggregated value added in 2013–15. The share of services in total exports was only 17 per cent in 2012–14. Although still relatively small, these industries have potential for growth, if Mozambique follows a diversified growth strategy.

scholarly journals Gayatri Spivak leitora de Paradise Lost: um texto transdisciplinar

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Ferreira Sá
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
John Milton ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Gayatri Spivak

Resumo: Em Paradise Lost, de John Milton, épico e império se encontram dissociados. Contrário a muitas leituras tradicionais, essa escrita do início da Era Moderna inglesa intersecta o pensamento pós-colonial de várias maneiras. Ao usar o circuito pós-colonial de teoria e prática textual de Gayatri Spivak, este artigo desenvolve uma desleitura em contraponto desse texto de Milton: Paradise Lost poderá finalmente libertar-se de seu conteúdo colonial e liberar seu conteúdo pós-colonial.Palavras-chave: Gayatri Spivak; pós-colonialismo; John Milton.Abstract: In John Milton’s Paradise Lost epic and empire are dissociated. Contrary to many misreadings,32 this all-important writing of the English Early Modern Age intersects postcolonial thinking in a number of ways. By using Gayatri Spivak’s circuit of postcolonial theory and practice, this article enacts a contrapuntal (mis)reading of Milton’s text: Paradise Lost may at last free its (post)colonial (dis)content.Keywords: Gayatri Spivak; postcolonialism; John Milton.

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