scholarly journals Industries without Smokestacks

2018 ◽  
pp. 232-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
António S. Cruz ◽  
Fausto J. Mafambissa
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
Aggregate Growth ◽  
Total Labour

Under the current international economic conditions, where Asian countries are strong competitors in the manufacturing commodities, low-income countries like Mozambique could attempt to compete in industries without smokestacks. Fruits and vegetables, agro-processing goods, and various tradable services are estimated to have contributed 1.9 per cent to annual average gross domestic product growth in 1993–2015, when the aggregate growth was 7.8 per cent. Around 80 per cent of the total labour force is dedicated to primary activities, producing 25 per cent of the aggregated value added in 2013–15. The share of services in total exports was only 17 per cent in 2012–14. Although still relatively small, these industries have potential for growth, if Mozambique follows a diversified growth strategy.

Environmental economics in poor countries: the current state and a programme for improvement

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Dasgupta ◽  
Karl-Göran Mäler
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Total Labour

People in poor countries are for the most part agrarian and pastoral. In 1988 rural people accounted for about 65 per cent of the population of what the World Bank classifies as low-income countries. The proportion of the total labour force in agriculture was a bit in excess of this. The share of agriculture in gross domestic product in these countries was 30 per cent. These figures should be contrasted with those from industrial market economies, which are 6 per cent and 2 per cent for the latter two ratios, respectively.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Declining Share of Agricultural Labour Force to Total Labour Force in Pakistan

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4II) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Hameed Sheikh ◽  
Zafar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Total Labour

The agricultural labour force in Pakistan has been increasing rapidly due to population growth as well as a declining mortality rate. However, the share of the agricultural labour force to total labour force has been decreasing. The objective of this paper is to search for the factors responsible for this decline. The period covered is from 1959•60 to 1986-87. The development process is characterised as one which brings about a fundamental change in the structure of an economy. In this process, labour is shifted from low productivity areas, such as agriculture, to high productivity areas, such as the manufacturing, construction and transport sectors. The share of value added of agriculture in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has declined from 46 percent in 1959- 60 to 25 percent in 1986-87. Hence, the key determinant of declining share of agricultural labour force to total labour force (RA LF) appears to be some measure of economic development.

scholarly journals TESTING HECKSCHER-OHLIN-VANEK THEOREM BY USING NORMALIZED TRADE BALANCE APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berislav Žmuk ◽  
Hrvoje Jošić
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Produced Capital ◽  
The Impact

The study described here introduces new approach for testing the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem based on the normalized trade balance concept. The intention was to include in the analysis all countries worldwide but due to the lack of data a certain number of countries had to be excluded. Overall 111 countries were observed according to region and income level for the year 2014. The HOV model was estimated using the sign test. It compared the expected sign of the normalized trade balance or net exports, according to the SITC 2 product classification, with the relative endowment of production factors intensively used in the production of a specific product. Production factors were divided into groups such as produced capital, labour force and natural resources further divided into forests, metals and minerals, oil, coal and gas, pastureland and cropland. Researchers in R&D per million people variable represented the impact of technological differences across countries. The results of the sign test have shown that the HOV theorem held in 55% of cases. The percentage of matched signs was highest for the non-OECD high income countries (75%) and lowest for the lower middle income and low income countries (below 50%).

scholarly journals Solanum anguivi Lam. Fruits: Their Potential Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2044
Author(s):  
Aisha Musaazi Sebunya Nakitto ◽  
John H. Muyonga ◽  
Yusuf Byenkya Byaruhanga ◽  
Anika E. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder of glucose homeostasis associated with a status of insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, sub-clinical inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. Consuming fruits and vegetables rich in phytochemicals with potential antidiabetic effects may prevent T2DM and/or support a conservative T2DM treatment while being safer and more affordable for people from low-income countries. Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits (SALF) have been suggested to exhibit antidiabetic properties, potentially due to the presence of various phytochemicals, including saponins, phenolics, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids. For the saponin fraction, antidiabetic effects have already been reported. However, it remains unclear whether this is also true for the other phytochemicals present in SALF. This review article covers information on glucose homeostasis, T2DM pathogenesis, and also the potential antidiabetic effects of phytochemicals present in SALF, including their potential mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals DAMPAK ALIRAN MODAL ASING BAGI NEGARA-NEGARA BERKEMBANG: Proses “Perbaikan” ataukah “Pemburukan” bagi Neraca Pembayaran

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Didit Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Foreign Capital Inflows

Generally, foreign capital invested in developing countries function as externally additional capital resources in order to accelerate investment and economical growth, and also to mobilize capital as well as to transform economical structure. In this article, the writer discusses many impacts as a logical consequence of foreign capital inflows in some developing countries, including low income countries. Here, much discussion is talking about pros and cons arguments related to foreign capital inflows. The writer views that the abundance of foreign capital inflows in some developing countries mostly brings to negative impacts (from the view of balance sheet). To support his argument, the writer also put a "trivia hypothesis" such as: tightening rules about foreign capital inflows to make budget deficit not getting worse, 'reducing the structure of industrial sectors consisting many industrial sub sectors which is producing high-value added product and non-resources-based products and also not opening opportunity to posses as much 100 % for foreign investors.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Suicidal Behavior Among Patients and Residents in Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habte Belete ◽  
Eyaya Misgan ◽  
Tilahun Belete
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
Total Prevalence

There are a million suicide deaths in the world annually, and 75% of these occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there are limited resources to prevent suicidal deaths in those regions. The aim was to assess the prevalence of suicidal behavior and associated factors among patients visiting for medical care at a health center and residents in the community. A comparative study was employed by interviewing 2,625 residents in the community and 1,363 patients at the health center about suicidal behavior in northwest Ethiopia, from March 2017 to February 2018. Logistic analysis was employed with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) and with p-value < 0.05. The total prevalence of suicidal behavior (ideation, plan, and attempt) was found to be 5.6% (with 95% CI range 5–6%). It was found to be 4.4% with 95% CI range 4–5% in residents and 7.9% with 95% CI range 6–9% in patients. Female sex, depressive symptoms, physical/verbal abuse, and feeling stigmatized were identified as a risk factors for suicidal behavior, whereas a healthy lifestyle, such as eating regular meals of fruits and vegetables, doing physical exercise regularly, and having public health insurance were identified as protective risk factors for suicidal behavior even after adjusting for being a patient or not. The proportion of suicidal behavior was double in patients compared with residents. Suicidal behavior should be assessed in patients who visit for medical help and integration of mental health service within the primary health care system is recommended, especially in low-income countries.

scholarly journals DOES ECONOMIC INTEGRATION INCREASE FEMALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION? SOME NEW EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Seema Wati Narayan ◽  
Tri Tung Nguyen ◽  
Xuan-Hoa Nghiem
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Government Education ◽  
New Evidence

While several studies have, directly or indirectly, showed the importance of economic integration in job creation and destruction, direct empirical evidence for Female Labor Force Participation (FLFP) is still sparse. We take the case of Vietnam – a country that has come out of poverty largely due to her export-induced economic growth – and examine the impacts on FLFP of economic integration over the period 1999-2014. Our results suggest that Vietnam’s export sector, which relies heavily on foreign direct investment and free trade agreements, is an important contributor to FLFP. Economic integration with high-income countries (compared to middle- and low-income countries) was found to be most beneficial to FLFP in Vietnam. Our results also indicate that some traditional drivers of FLFP (such as fertility rate, health status, female adolescents out of secondary school, government education spending, and standard of living) became more (or less) important as Vietnam became more economically integrated.

scholarly journals Formal and informal entrepreneurship: a cross-country policy perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Laing ◽  
André van Stel ◽  
David J. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Informal Entrepreneurship ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Employment Rates

AbstractThis paper distinguishes between formal and informal entrepreneurship. It theorises that each are influenced by very different combinations of macro-economic factors and strongly moderated by country income levels. Empirically, we show the ease of starting a business and high-quality governance, exert a powerful influence on formal, but not informal entrepreneurship. The latter is influenced by self-employment rates in low-income countries and by female labour force participation in high-income countries. Policy-makers seeking to improve economic welfare through enhancing entrepreneurship therefore have to choose the ‘type’ of entrepreneurship on which to focus and then select appropriate policies. By providing a novel grouping of these policies, we are able to assist them in making these choices.

scholarly journals Recent Dimensions of Regional Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Mariana Bălan ◽  
Svitlana Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Regional Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
Size And Structure

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this article is to make an analysis of the size and structure of migratory flows at regional and sub-regional level.Methodology: Descriptive statistical analysis was mainly used to visualize and synthesize information about the evolution of the structure and size of migratory flows in major regions of the world.Findings: The importance of contemporary migration is related not only to the number of migrants, but also to the fact that the migratory phenomenon has become global and takes on more and more diverse forms. People travel for various periods of time, but shorter. They adopt a pattern of circulatory migration, continue to maintain strong connections with where they left from or practice unregulated migration. Migration has become a defining feature of the modern global economy, and the main factors underlying its expansion are the processes of globalization, technical progress, the new economic order, etc. In 2019, the number of l migrants at world level reached 271.6 million, well above the values forecast by international bodies in recent years. In the last three decades, more developed regions have received 69 million international migrants, while less developed regions have received only 50 million. The highest migratory flows were recorded in high-income countries (98 million persons), and middle and low-income countries added only about 20 million persons to migrants’ stock (17 million and 3 million, respectively).Value Added: The paper presents an analysis of the size and structure of migratory flows at the regional level, providing a more detailed picture of migration, and presenting a different but complementary perspective of migrants and movements from different parts of the world. A comparative analysis of migrant flows at regional level and on large migration corridors is performed, but also of the structure by age groups and gender of regional migrants.Recommendations: The analysis of data on regional migration shows significant differences in migration patterns between regions. Greater recognition of regional migration patterns, variations and complexities can help shape strategic and sustainable responses of the migration policies. It is also necessary to pay attention to the regional dimensions and variations of international migration that may have critical implications for debates and regulations, especially (but not only) globally.

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