scholarly journals Cutaneous Chytridiomycosis in Poison Dart Frogs (Dendrobates spp.) and White's Tree Frogs (Litoria Caerulea)

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan P. Pessier ◽  
Donald K. Nichols ◽  
Joyce E. Longcore ◽  
Melvin S. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Litoria Caerulea ◽  
Tree Frogs

Morphologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Lankesterella Protozoan in Two White's Tree Frogs (Litoria caerulea)

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gericota ◽  
Michael M. Garner ◽  
Bradd Barr ◽  
Robert Nordhausen ◽  
R. Scott Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Litoria Caerulea ◽  
Tree Frogs

scholarly journals Wet but not slippery: boundary friction in tree frog adhesive toe pads

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Federle ◽  
W.J.P Barnes ◽  
W Baumgartner ◽  
P Drechsler ◽  
J.M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Friction ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Laser Tweezer ◽  
Viscous Forces ◽  
Litoria Caerulea ◽  
Filled Joint ◽  
Tree Frogs ◽  
Close Contacts

Tree frogs are remarkable for their capacity to cling to smooth surfaces using large toe pads. The adhesive skin of tree frog toe pads is characterized by peg-studded hexagonal cells separated by deep channels into which mucus glands open. The pads are completely wetted with watery mucus, which led previous authors to suggest that attachment is solely due to capillary and viscous forces generated by the fluid-filled joint between the pad and the substrate. Here, we present evidence from single-toe force measurements, laser tweezer microrheometry of pad mucus and interference reflection microscopy of the contact zone in Litoria caerulea , that tree frog attachment forces are significantly enhanced by close contacts and boundary friction between the pad epidermis and the substrate, facilitated by the highly regular pad microstructure.

Anesthetic Efficacy of MS-222 in White's Tree Frogs (Litoria caerulea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ashley R. Krisp ◽  
Jennifer C. Hausmann ◽  
Kurt K. Sladky ◽  
Christoph Mans
Keyword(s):  
Litoria Caerulea ◽  
Tree Frogs

scholarly journals When the going gets rough – studying the effect of surface roughness on the adhesive abilities of tree frogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2116-2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Crawford ◽  
Thomas Endlein ◽  
Jonathan T Pham ◽  
Mathis Riehle ◽  
W Jon P Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Real Contact Area ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Litoria Caerulea ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Tree Frogs ◽  
Air Pockets ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Tree frogs need to adhere to surfaces of various roughnesses in their natural habitats; these include bark, leaves and rocks. Rough surfaces can alter the effectiveness of their toe pads, due to factors such as a change of real contact area and abrasion of the pad epithelium. Here, we tested the effect of surface roughness on the attachment abilities of the tree frog Litoria caerulea. This was done by testing shear and adhesive forces on artificial surfaces with controlled roughness, both on single toe pads and whole animal scales. It was shown that frogs can stick 2–3 times better on small scale roughnesses (3–6 µm asperities), producing higher adhesive and frictional forces, but relatively poorly on the larger scale roughnesses tested (58.5–562.5 µm asperities). Our experiments suggested that, on such surfaces, the pads secrete insufficient fluid to fill the space under the pad, leaving air pockets that would significantly reduce the Laplace pressure component of capillarity. Therefore, we measured how well the adhesive toe pad would conform to spherical asperities of known sizes using interference reflection microscopy. Based on experiments where the conformation of the pad to individual asperities was examined microscopically, our calculations indicate that the pad epithelium has a low elastic modulus, making it highly deformable.

scholarly journals Frogs host faecal bacteria typically associated with humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Gibb ◽  
Xavier Schobben ◽  
Keith Christian
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Litoria Caerulea ◽  
Tree Frogs ◽  
Faecal Bacteria ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Impacted Site ◽  
Suburban Site

Tree frogs commonly access drinking water tanks; this may have human health implications. Although amphibians might not be expected to host mammalian faecal indicator bacteria (FIB), it is possible that they may have human FIB on their skin after exposure to human waste. We collected faeces and skin wash from green tree frogs (Litoria caerulea) from a natural environment, a suburban site, and a suburban site near a creek occasionally contaminated with sewage effluent. We used molecular techniques to test for FIB that are routinely used to indicate human faecal contamination. Enterococci colonies were isolated from both faecal and skin wash samples, and specific markers (Enterococcus faecium and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) were found in frog faeces, demonstrating that these markers are not human- or mammalian-specific. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was detected in frogs from both natural and urban sites, but E. faecium was only associated with the sewage impacted site.

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