A ABERTURA DO TUBO DIGEST�RIO: ENTRE A ARTE E O INTESTINO / The opening of digestive duct: between art and intestine

O texto faz uma introspe��o na no��o anat�mica de tubo digest�rio humano,�questionando a abordagem mecanicista e individualizada da digest�o. Para tanto, � realizado um percurso por trabalhos de artistas que desmontam a no��o de tubo digest�rio mediante elabora��es po�ticas sobre as fezes, proposi��es prost�ticas para o corpo vivo e estrat�gias relacionais. S�o abordados trabalhos de, entre outros, Anna Maria Maiolino, Wim Delvoye, Lygia Clark, Jorge Menna Barreto, bem como os aut�matos do s�culo 18 de Jacques Vaucanson. Nosso intuito aqui � reformular a digest�o como atividade imbricada ao campo da arte e vice-versa.Palavras-chave:Digest�o. Arte contempor�nea. Aut�mato. Pr�tese. Ecologia.�AbstractThis text examines the anatomic idea of the human digestive duct, challenging the mechanistic and individualized approach to digestion. A journey through the works of artists who disassemble the digestive duct, with poetic constructions about human waste, prosthetic propositions for living bodies, and relational strategies, is established.�Works of Anna Maria Maiolino, Wim Delvoye, Lygia Clark, Jorge Menna Barreto are mentioned, as well as the eighteen-century automata of Jacques Vaucanson. Our purpose is to reformulate digestion as a process interwoven with the field of the arts and vice versa.Keywords:Digestion. Contemporary art. Automaton. Prothesis. Ecology.

A Global Map of Human Sewage in Coastal Ecosystems

Prodigious quantities of nitrogen from human waste flow into coastal waters, a study of nearly 135,000 watersheds reveals.

Managing Non-Sewered Human Waste Using Thermochemical Waste Treatment Technologies: A Review

The utilisation of micro-scale thermal treatment technologies for non-sewered applications has been emerging as a prominent route for the safe treatment and disposal of high water content hazardous feedstock. This study provides a comprehensive review of the technological concepts practiced up to date in commercial/pilot and small scales for various types of solid fuels. The respective challenges are critically described and discussed to aid in the selection of promising technology for on-site sanitary applications. Furthermore, the challenges observed with the nominated (pyrolysis) technology are discussed in detail and addressed. This study suggests rapid energy recovery from by-products primarily made up of the highest yield of syngas with a desirable calorific value. The optimum operating ranges are discussed to ensure a reliable thermal conversion of sludge materials considering the application constraints and technology drawbacks. However, further studies are needed to investigate the uncertainties regarding emissions, energy consumption and overall associated costs.

Don't Poo-Poo the Toilet: Architectural Contributions to Human Waste

<p>Eliminating waste is a natural bodily function, common to all, yet its protocols are evidence of a strange discomfort in society. This thesis investigates the ways in which this discomfort manifests in the architecture of the toilet, suggesting in the process that the toilet is space that is more significant than the architecture profession might acknowledge. A toilet and its accompanying infrastructure are not typically considered architecture. While a necessary feature of a building, a typical toilet must be discrete, private, with an emphasis on functionality; any particular design flair - unless it is of service to concealment - is considered unusual. Such architectural tendencies cannot be separated from attitudes to excrement, which is generally considered disgusting, worthless or dangerous. These negative attitudes are not strictly scientific or rational in their foundation ; instead, attitudes to excrement and the toilet are culture and context specific. Accordingly, the architecture of the toilet in the West is neither inherently 'correct', nor 'desirable'- rather, it is the product of specifically Western perceptions of waste, which are shrouded in negativity. In this light, this thesis argues that the architecture of the toilet should not be viewed as an unquestionable norm. Instead, the profession should be considering its responsibility to interrogate the place of waste in our society. Don't poo-poo the toilet: architectural contributions to human waste reveals that the toilet is an architectural manifestation of broader societal attitudes towards what is considered dirty. The toilet unifies all of human kind at a common, base level, and yet it reveals much about how the human world is divided into categories of clean and dirty, proper and improper, good and bad. This thesis thus offers a lens for viewing the world we live in, through the dirt of this architecturally neglected space.</p>

Don't Poo-Poo the Toilet: Architectural Contributions to Human Waste

<p>Eliminating waste is a natural bodily function, common to all, yet its protocols are evidence of a strange discomfort in society. This thesis investigates the ways in which this discomfort manifests in the architecture of the toilet, suggesting in the process that the toilet is space that is more significant than the architecture profession might acknowledge. A toilet and its accompanying infrastructure are not typically considered architecture. While a necessary feature of a building, a typical toilet must be discrete, private, with an emphasis on functionality; any particular design flair - unless it is of service to concealment - is considered unusual. Such architectural tendencies cannot be separated from attitudes to excrement, which is generally considered disgusting, worthless or dangerous. These negative attitudes are not strictly scientific or rational in their foundation ; instead, attitudes to excrement and the toilet are culture and context specific. Accordingly, the architecture of the toilet in the West is neither inherently 'correct', nor 'desirable'- rather, it is the product of specifically Western perceptions of waste, which are shrouded in negativity. In this light, this thesis argues that the architecture of the toilet should not be viewed as an unquestionable norm. Instead, the profession should be considering its responsibility to interrogate the place of waste in our society. Don't poo-poo the toilet: architectural contributions to human waste reveals that the toilet is an architectural manifestation of broader societal attitudes towards what is considered dirty. The toilet unifies all of human kind at a common, base level, and yet it reveals much about how the human world is divided into categories of clean and dirty, proper and improper, good and bad. This thesis thus offers a lens for viewing the world we live in, through the dirt of this architecturally neglected space.</p>

Human Waste Substitute Strategies Enhanced Crop Yield, Crop Quality, and Soil Fertility in Vegetable Cultivation Soils in North China

Replacing chemical fertilizers with human waste for vegetable planting is a traditional, economical, and environmentally friendly waste resource utilization strategy. However, whether the human waste substitute strategy can improve soil fertility and increase crop yield and quality compared to the simple application of chemical fertilizers is still unclear, especially under acidic and alkaline soil conditions. In this study, we studied the effects of different ratios of human waste (urine and feces) to chemical fertilizer on the crop yield, crop quality, soil fertility, and soil chemical parameters in alkaline Cambisols and acidic Alisols cultivated with water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.). The application variants of human waste and chemical fertilizer were as follows: (i) Control, no fertilization (CK), (ii) human waste application (HW), (iii) chemical fertilizer application (CF), (iv) 1/3 human waste to chemical fertilizer (P1), and (v) 2/3 human waste to chemical fertilizer (P2). Human waste application increased the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, NO3−-N, and conductivity in soil, enhanced soil enzyme activity, slowed down soil acidification, and increased the yield, soluble sugar, and vitamin C contents of the water spinach while reducing its nitrate content. Our findings indicate that human waste substitution improved soil fertility while reducing the potential risks of soil acidification, salinization, and human exposure to nitrates. These findings may be applied to increase vegetable production and quality, improve the soil environment, and increase the utilization of human waste as a valuable resource.

Citywide Inclusive Sanitation Guidance Note: What Is Citywide Inclusive Sanitation and Why Is It Needed?

This guidance note explains how the concept of citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS) for developing more comprehensive, effective, and sustainable sanitation services in urban areas. CWIS focuses on providing urban areas with access to and benefits from adequate and sustainable sanitation services, including the safe, effective, and sustainable management of all human waste along the whole sanitation service chain. This guidance note is part of a series that aims to share essential knowledge to embed CWIS principles in planning and delivering sanitation services to ADB developing member countries. These learning materials were prepared by ADB’s Water Sector Group and structured along the ADB project processing cycle.

Presence of DNA from Chlamydia-like organisms in the nasal cavities of grey seal pups (Halichoerus grypus) and three different substrates present in a breeding colony

Background Chlamydia-like organisms (CLO) have been found to be present in many environmental niches, including human sewage and agricultural run-off, as well as in a number of aquatic species worldwide. Therefore, monitoring their presence in sentinel wildlife species may be useful in assessing the wider health of marine food webs in response to habitat loss, pollution and disease. We used nasal swabs from live (n = 42) and dead (n = 50) pre-weaned grey seal pups and samples of differing natal substrates (n = 8) from an off-shore island devoid of livestock and permanent human habitation to determine if CLO DNA is present in these mammals and to identify possible sources. Results We recovered CLO DNA from 32/92 (34.7%) nasal swabs from both live (n = 17) and dead (n = 15) seal pups that clustered most closely with currently recognised species belonging to three chlamydial families: Parachlamydiaceae (n = 22), Rhabdochlamydiaceae (n = 6), and Simkaniaceae (n = 3). All DNA positive sediment samples (n = 7) clustered with the Rhabdochlamydiaceae. No difference was found in rates of recovery of CLO DNA in live versus dead pups suggesting the organisms are commensal but their potential as opportunistic secondary pathogens could not be determined. Conclusion This is the first report of CLO DNA being found in marine mammals. This identification warrants further investigation in other seal populations around the coast of the UK and in other areas of the world to determine if this finding is unique or more common than shown by this data. Further investigation would also be warranted to determine if they are present as purely commensal organisms or whether they could also be opportunistic pathogens in seals, as well as to investigate possible sources of origin, including whether they originated as a result of anthropogenic impacts, including human waste and agricultural run-off.