Anatomical Coordinate Systems for Human Body Segments

An anatomically based coordinate system is a useful tool for standardizing the placement of instrumentation on segments of the human body or human surrogate. It is suggested that this system be based upon a fixed set of anatomical landmarks that are easily located by palpation and/or x-ray. A set of coordinate systems for the head, torso and extremities is proposed. Such systems will aid investigators in comparing data acquired at different laboratories involved in impact injury research. These systems can also be used for accurately locating the center of gravity of a body segment and for describing body motion in an impact environment.

Download Full-text

The Development, Application, and Limitations of 3D Human Simulations in Fall Accidents

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193120504900904 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

pp. 858-861 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gary David Sloan

Keyword(s):

Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Human Body ◽

Body Segment ◽

Body Segments ◽

Velocity Coefficient ◽

Patterns Of Injury ◽

Accident Site ◽

Development Application ◽

Fall Accidents

A tool that predicts the trajectories of linked human body segments on the basis of their inertial properties could be useful in the analysis of fall accidents. In order to be of value in forensic applications, relevant attributes of both the plaintiff and accident site must be modeled at some requisite level of fidelity. By systematically varying different attributes of the model, e.g., avatar posture, body segment velocity, coefficient-of-friction between modeled treads and footwear, it is possible to examine the likely consequences on body-segment trajectories. Trajectories and collisions can then be compared with patterns of injury, plaintiff testimony, and witness accounts.

Download Full-text

Age Effect Investigation on Postural Dynamic Responses of Human Body

10.1115/imece2001/de-23245 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Maryam Hoviattalab

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Analysis ◽

Human Body ◽

Balance Control ◽

Angular Displacement ◽

Age Groups ◽

Dynamic Responses ◽

Body Motion ◽

Body Sway ◽

Adult Age ◽

Body Segments

Abstract Responses of human body were studied in two adult age groups. The healthy subjects with no records of falling down or occupation in a crowded and noisy environment were elected. Mean age was 24 and 71 yrs. in young and elderly groups, respectively. Four experimental tasks were presented to subjects. Two involving flat standing with open and closed eyes and two were involving imposed disturbances. Two optoelectronic camera systems were used to measure body motion. The extents of postural sway were determined by processing the recorded data from force plate. The results were compared, and also provided the basis for kinematics analysis of body segments. For dynamic analysis, we used 3-link biomechanical model on a stationary triangular foot. Results from dynamic analysis indicated that, (a) The angular displacement of body segments was larger in elderly group, especially at the trunk; (b) The visual system had a dramatic effect on balance control, and its omission along with onset of senescence, has progressive effect, i.e. increased the amplitude and frequency of body sway, up to 2.4 and 1.5 times, respectively; (c) It has been proved that, in response to sudden stimulation, body employs certain strategy for muscle contraction. “Maximum torque, occurs in ankle, and respectively diminishes in joints, on its course toward upper segments”. The point is well consistent with the literature in this contest.

Download Full-text