THE REASONS FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF CONTAMINATION OF BIOLOGICAL TRACES AT THE BEFORE EXPERT STAGE AND POSSIBLE WAYS TO PREVENT IT

Современное развитие науки в целом и криминалистического ДНК-анализа в частности позволяет исследовать микроколичества веществ, обнаруживаемых на предметах, изъятых с места происшествия. В связи с этим возрастает важность исключения загрязнения места происшествия сторонними материалами и веществами, привнесенными участниками осмотра. В статье рассмотрены причины возникновения контаминации и возможные пути ее предотвращения. The modern development of science in general and forensic DNA analysis in particular allows us to investigate the micro amounts of substances detected on objects seized from the scene. In this regard, the importance of avoiding contamination of the accident site by third-party materials and substances introduced by the participants of the inspection increases. This article is devoted to the consideration of the causes of contamination and possible ways to prevent it.

Problems of Vehicle Identification by Tire Marks on the Soil

Scientific research is focused on the problems of vehicle identification by tire marks on the soil. It is argued that the car can either be a participant in a traffic accident or be used during theft of property or kidnapping. The constructional features of the wheels and tires of a car, which are important in the formation of tracks, are described. When the wheel comes into contact with the soil, the tread pattern is reflected. The features of the vehicle tire marks recorded by the investigator and the forensic scientist during the scene search have been determined. Photo or video recording of car wheel tracks is possible, as well as preparing the impression from the display of the tread on the soil. The possibilities of transport and traceological examination for studying the traces of car wheels have been established. The procedure for appointing an expert examination by an investigator is described. There is a list of materials that are provided for an expert study, as well as a list of questions that can be posed to an expert. It is argued that a problem in proving the involvement of a vehicle in the commission of a crime is the possibility of the vehicle tires or wheels to be replaced immediately after it has been committed. Recommendations regarding the identification of a vehicle based on tire marks on the soil are suggested. To establish the fact of changing tires on a car after the commission of a crime, the investigator must seize all sets of tires that are found in the suspect’s household or garage. It is possible to confirm the fact of changing tires on a particular car by interrogating employees of service stations located near the suspect’s residence. In addition to tire marks, to identify the vehicle, it is worth using the testimony of witnesses regarding the model and color of the car, traces of glass debris and paint chips at the accident site and damage on the car itself.

Risk Analysis of Waterway Pipes in Rapid Flow Areas using CFD Simulations

In this study, the validity of the theoretical model was examined by applying a CFD model and comparing the results of the existing theoretical equations for predicting the flow velocity inside and outside water pipes, and the dangers around the water pipes in the torrent area in relation to the recent fatal accidents of firefighters was analyzed. The CFD simulation was performed using the commercial analysis program ANSYS R1; the actual accident site was measured and simplified. The flow velocity was measured four times faster inside the canal pipe than the outside, and the results were used to suggest a plan to prevent disaster relief activities and safety accidents.

GRAPHO-ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS OF OIL SPILLS WITH GRAVITY FLOW FROM MULTIPHASE PIPELINES

It is important to determine the amount of oil spilled in order to assess the losses and environmental impacts caused by accidents during the operation of oil pipelines. In the article it was proposed a grapho-analytical method based on the analysis of accidental oil spills from pipelines for the correct determination of the amount of hydrocarbons released into the environment in different modes. It has been proved that the assumption that the flow of oil into the environment due to the fact that the atmospheric pressure during the accident is not at the maximum point of the route profile, but at the accident site (hole) is not correct. At present, in normative documents and literature sources, unlike monophasic flows, there are almost no correct methods for estimating and calculating oil and gas spills for multiphase flows. Considering the importance of determining in which part of the pipeline the oil will leak in case of real accidents, the studies were carried out on the basis of the compacted profile of the pipeline. In the article, it was identified oil spills, as well as the fact that the gravity-flow regime is 3-5% of the volume of the pipeline and the conditions under which the complete unloading of the pipeline is possible. Keywords: oil spill, gravity-flow, hydrostatic pressure, vapor pressure, compacted profile, grapho-analytical method.

Fast and High Precise Spatial Documentation of Traffic Accident Site Using Only Low-Cost RPAS

Traffic accident documentation worldwide is generally done by conventional methods (e.g., surveying wheel and steel tapeline) followed by sketch and plan creation. These conventional methods are time-consuming and inaccurate; therefore, they can possibly be replaced by advanced modern methods, using the remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) for obtaining data, as well as the structure from motion (SfM) for processing. For the proof of concept, we designed and performed an experiment using low-cost multi-rotor RPAS on an arranged traffic accident involving three cars. The result of this experiment was an accurate 3D model with the possibility of precise measurement. The differences in distances and reference objects’ dimensions were in general below 1% compared to real values. The presented method is time-saving (requiring 85% less time), more precise, and more efficient compared to conventional methods. Moreover, it allows better data reusability, thus is very suitable and can be recommended for usage in routine situations in traffic accident documentation.

Considerations Regarding the Analysis and Interpretation of Traumatic Lesional Mechanisms in Road Accidents

According to statistics, road transportation is the most dangerous means of transportation and also the costliest in terms of human lives and material damage. The increase of road safety is a priority goal of the European Commission and an area of high interest for Romania, which is unfortunately placed very high in the hierarchy of countries with a high number of deaths resulting from road accidents. This study presents the mechanisms of the generation of traumatic injuries and also analyses the manner of interpreting these mechanisms in the case of road accidents, both from the perspective of law enforcement and from the perspective of specialists in road transportation, who analyse and investigate road accidents from a technical point of view. Determining the lesional mechanisms helps to better understand the real image of the conditions of an accident’s occurrence, in order to clearly illustrate the elements mentioned in the forensic accident site report and to complement all other means to gather information at that site.

PECULIARITIES OF INSPECTION OF A ROAD ACCIDENT SITE

В статье раскрыты особенности сбора объектов дляисследования и назначения экспертиз в процессерасследова- ния уголовных дел, связанных с нарушениемправил дорожного движения и эксплуатацией транспортных средств. The article reveals the features of collecting objects for research and assigning expert examinations in the process of investigating criminal cases related to violation of traffic rules and the operation of vehicles.

Coupling of the AQUATOX and EFDC Models for Ecological Impact Assessment of Chemical Spill Scenarios in the Jeonju River, Korea

In this study, an ecological impact was assessed for the short-term leak scenario through the AQUATOX-EFDC model, which combines the proven ecological model AQUATOX with the hydrodynamic model EFDC. A case study of the coupled AQUATOX-EFDC model was conducted for 30–30,000 kg toluene leak scenarios in the Jeonju River in South Korea. A 21-day scenario simulation was conducted, and the impact of the toluene spill accident was evaluated by comparing the biomass between the control simulation and the perturbed simulation. As a result of the simulation, it was found that in the scenario in which 3000 kg of toluene was leaked for a day, a substantial change was expected in the range of 0–640 m from the accident site. Additionally, for a 30,000 kg leak, a substantial change was expected in the range of 0–2300 m from the accident site, and the greatest damage was observed for the fish species group, the top predators. As a result, the AQUATOX-EFDC simulation showed a significant ecological impact, and the proposed model will be helpful to understand the ecological impact and establish the management strategy for the ecological risk of the chemical spill.

DEVELOPING AN INTELLIGENT FIRE ALARMING, MONITORING AND RESCUING SYSTEM USING UAV

Fire alarm methods become increasingly complicated and functionally more competent and responsible in recent years. All are intended to fulfill the conditions: protection of property and assets and protection of life. Audio and visual signs are sent to notify people about concerning fire or CO concentration in range zone along with UAV this all is part of fire alarm assembly. Fire sirens and sensors are usually set in fire alarm operations for more effective safety for nearby formations. The advanced fire alarm sign comprises using either a sound or a flash and some additional features such as sending a message or a phone call or e-mail and it will also help us know about the smoke level and temperature of the fire. Its important part is that it will have the priority to save the life of people as well as prevent the infrastructure from the fire so to do the job simultaneously the advanced features are utilized this also includes using IoT to use it wirelessly with UAV and CCTV which will help in audio and visuals for the accident site along with that it will also send message to people living near the accident location so that they can help people by rescuing them.

Evaluation of the Viscus injury in Abdominal Trauma

Background: The diagnosis of hollow viscus injury with advanced diagnostic tools and management of trauma by conservative and surgically by laparotomy and correction of anatomy. Hence such injuries are frequently overlooked leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Thus, this study is intended to throw light upon the prompt diagnosis and management of hollow viscus injuries in trauma. Hence the aim of the present research was to study the diagnosis and management of hollow viscus injuries. Subjects and Methods: A total of 100 cases were included in the study. All the patients were above the age of 11 years and maximum age of 80 years. Most of the patients included were male with ration of 4:1. After recording of history clinical examination followed by radiological, serological and operative findings were recorded. Data was analyse to study the male: female ratio, etiologies of viscous injury, investigation done and possible management for the treatment. Results: On analysis of the data, most common reason for the abdominal trauma was found to be road traffic accident followed by stab injury. The maximum of the patients belong to the age group of 2 to 30 years. Most common reason for the abdominal trauma was found to be road traffic accident followed by stab injury. Conclusion: It is mostly seen in the age group of 21-30 years which form the young and reproductive group. These patients’ measures should be taken to prevent these accidents and care of victims at the accident site. Well established trauma care centers should be established at least at every taluk hospital. Measures for early transport of the patients from the accident site to the trauma care centres to be undertaken.