Optimization of Foot Pedal Placement in Commercial School Buses

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 634-637
Author(s):  
Donna J. Sexton ◽  
Rodger J. Koppa
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Public School ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Vertical Separation ◽  
School Buses ◽  
Operator Performance ◽  
Simple Movement ◽  
Female Subjects

On the basis of results obtained in recent studies of foot pedal placement as well as specifications found in human factors guidelines, four different foot pedal configurations were tested for suitability in public school buses. Both simple movement time and choice reaction time measures were taken for ten female subjects on three coplanar arrangements and one configuration with a vertical separation between the accelerator and brake pedals. Results indicate significantly faster brake movement times for all three coplanar arrangements than for the arrangement with a vertical separation between the two pedals. With respect to the coplanar arrangements, brake movement time was significantly faster for the two arrangements with a horizontal separation of 12.0 cm rather than the arrangement with only 8.0 cm of separation. Therefore, it is concluded that operator performance may be significantly improved by providing a coplanar pedal arrangement with approximately 12.0 cm of horizontal separation.

Movement Amplitude, Pointing Accuracy and Choice-Reaction Time

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andras Semjen ◽  
Jean Requin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Movement Amplitude ◽  
Manual Pointing ◽  
Pointing Task ◽  
Pointing Accuracy

Choice reaction time and movement time were measured in a discrete visuo-manual pointing task. Two movement amplitudes (7.5 cm and 30 cm) and two target widths (1.5 cm and 6 cm) were used in all possible combinations. Movement time varied according to movement amplitude and to target width. However, some departure from the linear relationship between movement difficulty and movement time, known as the Fins' law, was observed. Choice RT varied according to movement amplitude, whereas target width influenced choice RT for short-amplitude movements but not for long-amplitude movements. It is concluded that the previously reported relationship between movement difficulty and choice RT primarily results from variations in movement amplitude.

Assessing Midline Crossing Ability in Adults with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-369
Author(s):  
Colleen A. Lewis ◽  
Paul R. Surburg
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Midline Crossing

The purpose of this study was to determine if adults with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) display midline crossing inhibition (MCI) in the lower extremity as measured by choice reaction time (CRT) and movement time (MT) as compared to participants without disabilities. Midline crossing ability was assessed in the standing position using a protocol developed by Eason and Surburg (1993). Both groups were significantly slower in the contralateral direction as compared to the ipsilateral and midline direction as measured by CRT. Results revealed that adults with CP were significantly slower in CRT and MT tasks as compared to participants without disabilities. Assessment of midline crossing ability may provide useful information related to assessment and subsequent treatment as individuals with CP age.

Repeated Measures on a Choice Reaction Time Task

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Krause
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
Practice Trials

The current investigation examined a visual choice reaction time (CRT) task to determine its suitability for repeated measures experimentation. Fifteen Navy enlisted men served as subjects for one-, two-, and four-choice reaction time conditions. Fifty trials on each condition were administered for 15 consecutive workdays. Reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and total time (TT) were recorded for each trial. Results indicated that across all RT conditions, intersession correlations were differentially stable by about Day 8, with reliabilities around .71. Means remained unchanged over the stable days and variances remained constant across all 15 days of the experiment for the RT measure. It was concluded that studies using RT as the dependent variable should allow for sufficient RT practice prior to data collection to ensure that the results are not contaminated by learning effects. It is recommended that at least 1000 practice trials be given prior to using an RT task to assess the effects of an environment.

Timing Responses of Children with Spina Bifida Having Varying Ambulatory Abilities

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Evaggelinou ◽  
John N. Drowatzky
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Simple Movement

The authors investigated the timing responses of upper extremities to light and sound stimuli of 24 ambulatory, household-only ambulatory, and nonambulatory children with spina bifida. Using a Lafayette reaction and movement timer, each subject performed four timing tasks: (a) simple reaction time, (b) choice reaction time, (c) simple movement time, and (d) choice movement time. A 2 × 3 × 4 analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that the ambulatory spina bifida children performed all timing tasks faster and more accurately than the household-only ambulatory and nonambulatory children. In addition, the household-only ambulatory group performed the timing tasks faster and more accurately than the nonambulatory group. Therefore, different perceptual-motor processing abilities are inferred for children with spina bifida who ambulate with different ability. For maximum benefit, an individualized educational approach should be used to improve psychomotor abilities of spina bifida children who have differing levels of ambulation.

Decision Time and Movement Time in Depression: Differential Effects of Practice before and after Clinical Improvement

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ghozlan ◽  
D. Widlöcher
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Choice reaction time involves, at least two components of response latency, decision time and movement time. Studies of choice reaction time usually provide values of these two components averaged over a given number of trials. The aim of the present study of depressed subjects was to investigate changes across practice on Decision Time (DT) and Movement Time (MT) before and after clinical improvement. 19 depressed subjects were given two sessions of 50 trials each, one before treatment (Di) and one after recovery (Df). Decision time and movement time exhibited quite different patterns. Decision time significantly decreased with clinical improvement. No significant variation across trials was found, in either session. Movement time values varied across trials but the variations observed on Di and Df were significantly different, whereas before treatment latencies recorded at the end of the session were greater than those scored at the start, the contrary was observed after clinical recovery. No significant difference was found between values of movement time scored at the start of the two sessions.

Elevation of Core Temperature and Mental Functioning

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios K. Travlos ◽  
Daniel Q. Marisi
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Random Number Generation ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Time Movement

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether raised core temperature due to gradually increased amounts of exercise affects concentration and speed of information processing. 20 paid men, separated into groups of high (>56 ml/kg/min.) and low fitness (<46 ml/kg/min.) according to their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), participated in two experimental conditions (exercise and control). Concentration was measured by the Random Number Generation test of attentional deployment given every 10 min. of cycling at workloads calculated as 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of individual VO2max values and 10 min. after exercise cessation (exhaustion). Speed of information processing was estimated by an eight-choice reaction time/ movement time task given before and after exercise and 15 min. after exercise cessation. Core temperature was recorded at the same time individuals were administered the psychological tests. Analyses indicated that core temperatures increased significantly as a function of exercise intensity for high and low fitness groups. Correlations among the psychophysiological factors indicated that increases in core temperature were not associated with mental functioning. However, at certain core temperatures, core temperature and average choice reaction time/movement time were associated with participants' fitness.

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