Decision Time and Movement Time in Depression: Differential Effects of Practice before and after Clinical Improvement

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ghozlan ◽  
D. Widlöcher
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Choice reaction time involves, at least two components of response latency, decision time and movement time. Studies of choice reaction time usually provide values of these two components averaged over a given number of trials. The aim of the present study of depressed subjects was to investigate changes across practice on Decision Time (DT) and Movement Time (MT) before and after clinical improvement. 19 depressed subjects were given two sessions of 50 trials each, one before treatment (Di) and one after recovery (Df). Decision time and movement time exhibited quite different patterns. Decision time significantly decreased with clinical improvement. No significant variation across trials was found, in either session. Movement time values varied across trials but the variations observed on Di and Df were significantly different, whereas before treatment latencies recorded at the end of the session were greater than those scored at the start, the contrary was observed after clinical recovery. No significant difference was found between values of movement time scored at the start of the two sessions.

Decision Time and Movement Time: Differential Effects of Practice

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ghozlan ◽  
D. Widlocher
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Time Differential

Choice Reaction Time involves at least two components of response latency, Decision Time and Movement Time. Studies usually report values for these two components averaged over a definite number of trials. The aims of this study were to investigate the pattern of behaviour of the two components across the trials and the effect of repeating the experimental procedure two weeks later. 16 control subjects were given two sessions of 50 trials each. In Session 1 (D.0), the two components behave quite differently across the trials; there was no significant change in decision time, but a significant reduction in movement time occurred. Decision and movement time show no relationship. In Session 2 (D.15), a different pattern was found; movement time was still significantly reduced across trials but there was also a significant increase in decision time so the two components exhibit a negative relationship. Comparison of values from Sessions 1 and 2 shows an effect is found only on the first 10 trials for both components, the values of decision and movement times being smaller in Session 2 than Session 1.

Analysis of Task Difficulty under Varying Conditions of Induced Stress

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry W. Thornton ◽  
Paul D. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Task Relatedness ◽  
Related Stress

Two tasks (simple and choice reaction time) were examined while varying three types of stressors (shock, threat of shock, and noise) and the stressor task relationship (i.e., task-related stress, task-unrelated stress, and no-stress). Four specific hypotheses were tested and 3 were supported in the simple reaction-time task. There were no significant differences among stressors for either task, although greater differences were reported in the simple than in the choice reaction-time task. A significant difference between the “task-relatedness” of stress levels in the simple task was interpreted as possibly due to a “coping” or “protective adaptive mechanism” in which increases in performance serve to reduce stress. Practical applications were examined.

Movement Amplitude, Pointing Accuracy and Choice-Reaction Time

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andras Semjen ◽  
Jean Requin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Movement Amplitude ◽  
Manual Pointing ◽  
Pointing Task ◽  
Pointing Accuracy

Choice reaction time and movement time were measured in a discrete visuo-manual pointing task. Two movement amplitudes (7.5 cm and 30 cm) and two target widths (1.5 cm and 6 cm) were used in all possible combinations. Movement time varied according to movement amplitude and to target width. However, some departure from the linear relationship between movement difficulty and movement time, known as the Fins' law, was observed. Choice RT varied according to movement amplitude, whereas target width influenced choice RT for short-amplitude movements but not for long-amplitude movements. It is concluded that the previously reported relationship between movement difficulty and choice RT primarily results from variations in movement amplitude.

Assessing Midline Crossing Ability in Adults with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-369
Author(s):  
Colleen A. Lewis ◽  
Paul R. Surburg
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Midline Crossing

The purpose of this study was to determine if adults with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) display midline crossing inhibition (MCI) in the lower extremity as measured by choice reaction time (CRT) and movement time (MT) as compared to participants without disabilities. Midline crossing ability was assessed in the standing position using a protocol developed by Eason and Surburg (1993). Both groups were significantly slower in the contralateral direction as compared to the ipsilateral and midline direction as measured by CRT. Results revealed that adults with CP were significantly slower in CRT and MT tasks as compared to participants without disabilities. Assessment of midline crossing ability may provide useful information related to assessment and subsequent treatment as individuals with CP age.

Modelling Choice Decision Time

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Tarald O. Kvålseth
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Exponential Law ◽  
Choice Decision

A power/exponential law of choice reaction time is proposed as an alternative to the classical Hick-Hyman's law and the Sternberg's law of memory search. A reanalysis of some experimental data, including those by Hick, Hyman and Sternberg, indicates that this alternative law provides at least as good fits to experimental data as do the Hick-Hyman's and Sternberg's laws. Some important implications of this finding are pointed out concerning the rate of change of information and the nature of the memory search process for the Sternberg's paradigm.

Influence of Different Preparatory Sets on Reaction Time and Arm-Movement Time

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimihiro Inomata
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relative Payoff ◽  
Time Movement ◽  
Payoff Condition

The effect of three different preparatory sets on reaction time (RT), movement time (MT) and reaction time-movement time (RT-MT) relationship was examined. All 15 subjects were required to perform under the three conditions regarding the relative payoff of stimulus and speed of movement. No significant effect on RT was found, while the significant difference between MT under MT-payoff condition and MT under RT-payoff condition was found. The correlations between RT and MT under MT-payoff condition and RT-MT-payoff condition are significant ( p < .05). Also high canonical correlation between RTs and MTs was found. Results suggested that the motor program in the simple task may be executed more effectively under MT-payoff condition than RT-payoff conditions and also that a certain amount of generality between RT and MT under the payoff conditions might exist in multivariate domains.

Note on Decision Time/Movement Time Relationships in Normal and Depressed Subjects

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Response Latency ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Motivational Deficit ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Time Movement ◽  
Depressive Patients

It has been suggested that under normal conditions, there is no relationship between decision and movement time components of response latency. However, for normal Ss, induced elevation of decision time produces compensatory reductions in movement time. Psychomotor retardation, commonly observed in depressive patients, shows in the main, elevations for decision time. Such patients should also produce compensatory reductions in movement time. This was found not to be so. While 15 controls exhibited no relationship between decision and movement times, 30 depressive Ss exhibited a positive one. The result was discussed in terms of a post hoc postulate of motivational deficit among depressive patients.

Optimization of Foot Pedal Placement in Commercial School Buses

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 634-637
Author(s):  
Donna J. Sexton ◽  
Rodger J. Koppa
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Public School ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Vertical Separation ◽  
School Buses ◽  
Operator Performance ◽  
Simple Movement ◽  
Female Subjects

On the basis of results obtained in recent studies of foot pedal placement as well as specifications found in human factors guidelines, four different foot pedal configurations were tested for suitability in public school buses. Both simple movement time and choice reaction time measures were taken for ten female subjects on three coplanar arrangements and one configuration with a vertical separation between the accelerator and brake pedals. Results indicate significantly faster brake movement times for all three coplanar arrangements than for the arrangement with a vertical separation between the two pedals. With respect to the coplanar arrangements, brake movement time was significantly faster for the two arrangements with a horizontal separation of 12.0 cm rather than the arrangement with only 8.0 cm of separation. Therefore, it is concluded that operator performance may be significantly improved by providing a coplanar pedal arrangement with approximately 12.0 cm of horizontal separation.

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