The Juvenile Sex Offender

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal van Den Berg ◽  
Catrien Bijleveld ◽  
Jan Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Juvenile Sex Offenders ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Juvenile Sex Offender ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Dutch Sample ◽  
Offending Patterns

In this article, we investigate whether the life events of marriage, parenthood, and employment were associated with general offending for a Dutch sample of 498 juvenile sex offenders (JSOs). In previous empirical studies, these life events were found to limit adult general offending in the population as well as high-risk samples. A hybrid random effects model is used to investigate within-individual changes of these life events in association with general offending. We also investigated whether the findings differed for child abusers, peer abusers, and group offenders, as they have distinct background profiles. We found that JSOs make limited transitions into the state of marriage, parenthood, and employment, showing overall stagnating participation rates. For the entire sample of JSOs, employment was found to be associated with a decrease in offending. Group offenders benefited most from employment. Marriage and parenthood were not associated with the general offending patterns, whereas for child abusers, parenthood was associated with an increase in offending. We conclude that policies aimed at guidance toward employment, or inclusion into conventional society, may be effective for JSOs.

The juvenile sex offender

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrien Bijleveld ◽  
Chantal van den Berg ◽  
Jan Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Juvenile Sex Offenders ◽  
Criminal Career ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Juvenile Sex Offender ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Crucial Information

Juvenile sexual offending is often regarded as a precursor of serious and continued sexual offending in adulthood, but there has been little empirical evidence supporting this assumption. Could juvenile sexual offending be just a ‘passing phase’? The study discussed in this essay follows the criminal career about 1,600 juvenile sex offenders from early adolescence into adulthood. A comprehensive view of the entire criminal career is presented to establish whether juvenile sexual offending is a precursor of continued (sexual) offending in adulthood or if (sexual) offending is non-chronic for most. The sexual recidivists in the sample are identified, and this group is used to establish the risk factors associated with continued sexual offending. These risk factors are compared to the ones used in risk assessment instruments for (juvenile) sex offenders. This study holds crucial information for policy and theory regarding juvenile sex offenders.

Psychopathic Disordered, Mentally Ill, and Mentally Handicapped Sex Offenders: A Comparative Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Murrey ◽  
D Briggs ◽  
C Davis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Sex Offences ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
And Gender

Although there currently exists a large amount of research on the characteristics and treatment of psychopathic disordered (PD) sex offenders, little if any empirical studies have addressed the mentally ill (MI) and mentally handicapped (MH) offender populations. A total of 106 PD, MI, and MH sex offender records from Rampton (Special) Hospital were reviewed for the study. Offender categories were compared by age of first documented sex offence, IQ at the time of admission, sex offence type, frequency of each offence type, history of violence during sex offences, age and gender of sex offence victims and number of victims for age and gender. Results revealed that 88 per cent of PD, 98 per cent of MI, and only 56 per cent of MH offenders' victims were female. Further analysis revealed that PD and MI offenders' victims were primarily female, with the largest proportion being pubescent and adult females. MH offender victims were primarily males and females under the age of 16. IQ correlated positively with history of violence during sexual assault and mean IQs were higher for ‘violent’ than ‘non-violent’ offenders in each offender category. A discussion of these and other significant findings, as well as implications for clinical treatment, is presented.

Paternalism and the Good Lives Model of Sex Offender Rehabilitation

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Offender Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Good Lives Model ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Good Lives

The lives of sex offenders are often confused and disorganized. Modern sex offender rehabilitation approaches such as the good lives model emphasize holistic aims such as helping offenders to live more satisfying and fulfilling lives, rather than merely teaching them to avoid risk. The appeal of the model lies in its justification by paternalism: Whatever harms are inflicted on offenders during the rehabilitation process are ultimately for their own good. But paternalism has its limitations, which include potential infringements on offenders’ autonomy and human rights, the risk of therapists imposing their own values and attitudes, and false claims that harmful interventions are justified by their benefit for offenders. Furthermore, some recent empirical studies suggest that offenders themselves do not necessarily prefer personal well-being goals over risk management techniques and that some offenders find it distressingly easy to incorporate “good lives” principles into an ongoing antisocial lifestyle. These limitations need to be taken into account when applying a good lives approach.

Do people perceive juvenile sex offenders who are gay and Christian as hypocrites? The effects of shared and dual identity defendants

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-237
Author(s):  
Rachel Altholz ◽  
Jessica Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Legal Decision ◽  
Juvenile Sex Offender ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Black Sheep ◽  
Dual Identity ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Legal Context

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a criminal offender’s dual social identity affects judgments. Drawing from similarity-leniency and black sheep theories, the authors tested and discuss whether these effects could be explained by legal decision makers’ perceptions of hypocrisy or shared identity with the defendant. Design/methodology/approach The authors recruited 256 Christian and non-Christian adults to read a vignette about a juvenile sex offender who was either Christian or non-Christian, and heterosexual or gay. The authors measured participants’ punitiveness toward the offender. Findings Results revealed that legal decision makers were more punitive when they were Christian compared to non-Christian, and the defendant was gay compared to heterosexual. Further, legal decision makers perceived themselves as more similar to the defendant when they were non-Christian compared to Christian, and the defendant was heterosexual compared to gay. Finally, only when the defendant was Christian, legal decision makers perceived him as more hypocritical when he was gay compared to heterosexual. Originality/value This is the first study to investigate whether gay defendants might be particularly discriminated against if they are also Christian. It is also the first to test the black sheep and similarity-leniency theories in the legal context of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and Christian defendants.

Review of the Empirical and Clinical Support for Group Therapy Specific to Sexual Abusers

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 731-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Jennings ◽  
Adam Deming
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Offender Treatment ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Abuse Treatment

This review compiles 48 empirical studies and 55 clinical/practice articles specific to group therapy with sex offenders. Historically, group therapy has always been the predominant modality in sex offender–specific treatment. In the first decades of the field, treatment applied a psychoanalytic methodology that, although not empirically supported, fully appreciated the primary therapeutic importance of the group modality. Conversely, since the early 1980s, treatment has applied a cognitive behavioral method, but the field has largely neglected the therapeutic value of interpersonal group dynamics. The past decade has seen a growing re-appreciation of general therapeutic processes and more holistic approaches in sex offender treatment, and there is an emerging body of empirical research which, although often indirectly concerned with group, has yielded three definitive conclusions. First, the therapeutic qualities of the group therapist—specifically warmth, empathy, encouragement, and guidance—can strongly affect outcomes. Second, the quality of group cohesion can profoundly affect the effectiveness of treatment. Third, confrontational approaches in group therapy are ineffective, if not counter-therapeutic, and overwhelmingly rated as not helpful by sex offenders themselves. Additional conclusions are less strongly supported, but include compelling evidence that sex offenders generally prefer group therapy over individual therapy, that group therapy appears equally effective to individual therapy, and that mixing or separating groups by offense type is not important to therapeutic climate. Other group techniques and approaches specific to sexual abuse treatment are also summarized.

Review of Risk Assessment Instruments for Juvenile Sex Offenders

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Hempel ◽  
Nicole Buck ◽  
Maaike Cima ◽  
Hjalmar van Marle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Juvenile Sex Offenders ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Sexual Recidivism ◽  
Assessment Protocol

Risk assessment is considered to be a key element in the prevention of recidivism among juvenile sex offenders (JSOs), often by imposing long-term consequences based on that assessment. The authors reviewed the literature on the predictive accuracy of six well-known risk assessment instruments used to appraise risk among JSOs: the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II), Juvenile Sexual Offence Recidivism Risk Assessment Tool-II (J-SORRAT-II), Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offence Recidivism (ERASOR), Juvenile Risk Assessment Scale (JRAS), Structured Assessment of Violent Risk in Youth (SAVRY), and Hare Psychopathy Checklist:Youth Version (PCL:YV). Through a systematic search, 19 studies were reviewed. Studies showed differences in the predictive accuracies for general, violent, and sexual recidivism, and none of the instruments showed unequivocal positive results in predicting future offending. Not unexpectedly, the accuracy of the SAVRY and PCL:YV appeared to be weaker for sexual recidivism compared with specialized tools such as the J-SOAP-II or the ERASOR. Because of the rapid development of juveniles, it is questionable to impose long-term restrictions based on a risk assessment only. New challenges in improving risk assessment are discussed.

scholarly journals Psikodinamika moral disengagement remaja pelaku pencabulan: Sebuah studi kasus instrumental

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-228
Author(s):  
Dessi Christanti ◽  
Suryanto ◽  
Muhammad Ghazali Bagus Ani Putra
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Juvenile Sex Offenders ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Instrumental Case Study ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
Instrumental Case

AbstractThere are many juvenile sex offender cases in Indonesia. This study aimed to reveal how the psychodynamics of moral disengagement on juvenile sex offenders. Through moral disengagement, juvenile sex offenders commit various rationalizations to negate the feelings of guilt. This research used the qualitative method of an instrumental case study. The participants were seven juvenile sex offenders. The collecting data through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through the stages of categorization and direct interpretation, correspondence and patterns, and naturalistic generalization. The credibility used data triangulation and asked the participants to read the interview transcript. The results showed the psychodynamic of juvenile sex offenders began by forming moral disengagement before the occurrence of sexual abuse or initiation phase.  After committing fornication, adolescents could feel guilty or not feel guilty due to moral disengagement. This study showed that participants frequently used the attribution of blame, dehumanization, distortion of consequences. The theoretical implications were that moral disengagement also functions to overcome fear after moral violation and different forms of moral disengagement from theory, namely active avoidance.Keywords: Instrumental case study; Juvenile sex perpetrators; Moral disengagement AbstrakPencabulan oleh remaja masih banyak terjadi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap bagaimana psikodinamika moral disengagement remaja pelaku pencabulan. Melalui moral disengagement, remaja pelaku pencabulan melakukan berbagai bentuk rasionalisasi untuk meniadakan perasaan bersalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus instrumental. Partisipan penelitian adalah tujuh remaja pelaku pencabulan. Pengambilan data menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur. Analisa data melalui tahapan kategorisasi dan interpretasi langsung, korespondensi dan pola, serta generalisasi naturalistik. Kredibilitas penelitian menggunakan triangulasi data dan meminta informan membaca transkrip wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan psikodinamika remaja pelaku pencabulan diawali dengan membentuk moral disengagement sebelum terjadinya pencabulan, yaitu pada fase inisiasi.  Setelah pencabulan atau fase pasca pencabulan, remaja dapat merasa bersalah namun dapat pula tetap tidak merasa bersalah karena moral disengagement. Bentuk moral disengagement yang banyak digunakan partisipan adalah atribusi menyalahkan, dehumanisasi, distorsi konsekuensi. Implikasi teoritis adalah moral disengagement juga berfungsi mengatasi perasaan takut setelah pelanggaran moral dan bentuk moral disengagement yang berbeda dengan teori yaitu penghindaran aktif.Keywords: Moral disengagement; Remaja pelaku pencabulan; Studi kasus Instrumental

Public Opinions on Applying Adult Sex Offender Legislation to Minors Convicted of Sex Crimes

2021 ◽  
pp. 088740342110463
Author(s):  
Calli M. Cain ◽  
Lisa L. Sample
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Juvenile Sex Offenders ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Sex Offender Registry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sex ◽  
Adult Sex Offenders

A controversial part of the Adam Walsh Act (AWA) mandates that states require minors adjudicated of certain sexual offenses to be on the sex offender registry, but not all states have complied. Our article examines how far the public in one Midwestern state that has not complied with the AWA is willing to go to manage juvenile sex offenders. We use a statewide survey of adults to examine attitudes toward applying adult sex offender penalties to minors adjudicated of a sex crime (residency restrictions, prohibitions from public schools, school zones, public parks, and social networking sites). Results indicate more than half (60%) of participants agreed that juveniles should be on the public sex offender registry. However, there was less consensus on how punitively juveniles should be treated compared with adult sex offenders. Results indicated which demographics in this state were more likely to hold punitive views toward juvenile sex offenders.

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