Driving With ADHD: Performance Effects and Environment Demand in Traffic

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1570-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastassia J. S. Randell ◽  
Samuel G. Charlton ◽  
Nicola J. Starkey
Keyword(s):  
Driving Performance ◽  
Attentional Demand ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Driving Skills ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Driving Outcomes

Objective: This research investigated the on-road driving performance of individuals with ADHD across a range of road and traffic conditions to determine whether errors were linked to situational complexity and attentional demands. Method: The everyday driving performance of medicated drivers with ADHD, unmedicated drivers with ADHD, and controls was tested in urban, residential, rural, and highway environments using driver license testing procedures. Results: Unmedicated drivers with ADHD displayed fewer safe driving skills and committed more inattentive and impatient driving errors, particularly in low demand highway and rural driving conditions. Medicated drivers’ performance was not reliably different than controls. Participants in both ADHD groups were more likely than controls to report risky driving and involvement in crashes. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that situations with low attentional demand are particularly risky for unmedicated ADHD drivers and suggest that focus on these situations may be useful in improving driving outcomes for this population.

scholarly journals Rethinking Cell Phone Use While Driving: Isolated Risk Behavior or a Pattern of Risk-Taking Associated with Impulsivity in Young Drivers?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5640
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Walshe ◽  
Flaura K. Winston ◽  
Dan Romer
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Related Personality

This study examines whether cell phone use stands apart from a general pattern of risky driving practices associated with crashes and impulsivity-related personality traits in young drivers. A retrospective online survey study recruited 384 young drivers from across the United States using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to complete a survey measuring risky driving practices (including cell phone use), history of crashes, and impulsivity-related personality traits. Almost half (44.5%) of the drivers reported being involved in at least one crash, and the majority engaged in cell phone use while driving (up to 73%). Factor analysis and structural equation modeling found that cell phone use loaded highly on a latent factor with other risky driving practices that were associated with prior crashes (b = 0.15, [95% CI: 0.01, 0.29]). There was also an indirect relationship between one form of impulsivity and crashes through risky driving (b = 0.127, [95% CI: 0.01, 0.30]). Additional analyses did not find an independent contribution to crashes for frequent cell phone use. These results suggest a pattern of risky driving practices associated with impulsivity in young drivers, indicating the benefit of exploring a more comprehensive safe driving strategy that includes the avoidance of cell phone use as well as other risky practices, particularly for young drivers with greater impulsive tendencies.

scholarly journals Research on Risky Driving Behavior of Novice Drivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5556
Author(s):  
Longhai Yang ◽  
Xiqiao Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhu ◽  
Yule Luo ◽  
Yi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Driving Skills ◽  
Planned Behavior Theory

Novice drivers have become the main group responsible for traffic accidents because of their lack of experience and relatively weak driving skills. Therefore, it is of great value and significance to study the related problems of the risky driving behavior of novice drivers. In this paper, we analyzed and quantified key factors leading to risky driving behavior of novice drivers on the basis of the planned behavior theory and the protection motivation theory. We integrated the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the theory of planned behavior (PMT) to extensively discuss the formation mechanism of the dangerous driving behavior of novice drivers. The theoretical analysis showed that novice drivers engage in three main risky behaviors: easily changing their attitudes, overestimating their driving skills, and underestimating illegal driving. On the basis of the aforementioned results, we then proposed some specific suggestions such as traffic safety education and training, social supervision, and law construction for novice drivers to reduce their risky behavior.

Field Driving Test Situations for Ml Tank Drivers

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-545
Author(s):  
Susan L. Burroughs ◽  
Roy C. Campbell ◽  
Charlotte H. Campbell ◽  
C. Mazie Knerr
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Driving Skills ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
General Field

The presentation deals with the testing of Ml tank drivers and focuses on the requirement to establish reliable measures of nonprocedural portions of the tank driver's job. Tests of tank driving skills have been difficult to develop because of situational reliability problems. Actual conduct of the tests with 60 ton tanks change the driving terrain for each subsequent subject. Further, problems of rater reliability in the use of observational ratings and checklists have been encountered. The purposes of the present study were (a) to develop test methodologies for tank driving that would enable these problems to be overcome and (b) to evaluate these methodologies by developing and assessing a battery of on–tank tests of nonprocedural, tactical Ml tank driving skills. Eleven driving tasks for which tests were to be developed were derived from an ARI criticality survey. Analysis of the tasks resulted in decisions to test nine of the tasks, but only those aspects that related to the driver and that were feasible for testing. Five of the tests were Obstacle/Judgment tests, and four were Tactical tests. The tests were tried out on 77 soldiers in two Ml OSUT classes (none of the soldiers took all the tests). The data were used to assess scorer agreement and internal consistency, to estimate utility based on reliability and variability, and to direct revisions and recommendations for future testing. For each of the nine tests, the data indicated that driver performance could be measured reliably. Both the Obstacle/Judgment tests and Tactical tests had been designed so that usable quantitative data could be obtained, and for every test, refinements were suggested based on data and on informal observations. For two of the Tactical tests, an innovative scoring technique using an Ml tank profile overlay was explored. Despite high ratings in the criticality survey, one Obstacle/Judgment test was recommended for deletion. While more replications and developmental refinements of the tests are needed, the analysis and development performed have produced tests that are already minimally reliable. The tests were designed for use in measuring on–tank driving performance against which to assess driver simulator training. They may also be useful in general field applications for training.

scholarly journals Representing Route Familiarity Using the Abstraction Hierarchy Framework

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Rashmi P. Payyanadan ◽  
John D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Route Choice ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Route Network ◽  
Driving Skills ◽  
Road Type ◽  
Abstraction Levels ◽  
Risky Driving Behaviors

Familiarity with a route is influenced by levels of dynamic and static knowledge about the route and the route network such as type of roads, infrastructure, traffic conditions, purpose of travel, weather, departure time, etc. To better understand and develop route choice models that can incorporate more meaningful representations of route familiarity, OBDII devices were installed in the vehicles of 32 drivers, 65 years and older, for a period of three months. Personalized web-based trip diaries were used to provide older drivers with post-trip feedback reports about their risky driving behaviors, and collect feedback about their route familiarity, preferences, and reasons for choosing the route driven vs. an alternate low-risk route. Feedback responses were analyzed and mapped onto an abstraction hierarchy framework, which showed that among older drivers, route familiarity depends not only on higher abstraction levels such as trip goals, purpose, and driving strategies, but also on the lower levels of demand on driving skills, and characteristics of road type. Additionally, gender differences were identified at the lower levels of the familiarity abstraction model, especially for driving challenges and the driving environment. Results from the analyses helped highlight the multi-faceted nature of route familiarity, which can be used to build the necessary levels of granularity for modelling and interpretation of spatial and contextual route choice recommendation systems for specific population groups such as older drivers.

Human Factors Issues Associated with in-Car Navigation System Usage

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. 1448-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Dingus ◽  
Jonathan P. Antin ◽  
Melissa C. Hulse ◽  
Walter w. Wierwille
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Attentional Demand ◽  
System Usage ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Car Navigation System ◽  
Car Navigation

Two research studies were recently performed to evaluate and test human factors aspects of a commercially available in-car navigation system. The first study addressed the driver visual attentional demand requirements of the system and its effects on driving performance and behavior. The second study addressed the effectiveness of the system as a navigation tool as well as methodological aspects of navigation. The results of the first study indicate that several tasks performed during navigation required high visual attentional demand. Design changes are discussed which would likely reduce this demand. The results of the second study indicate that drivers are able to navigate effectively using the device. However, results also show that scan patterns are changed when the device is in-use.

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