scholarly journals Pharmacotherapy of ADHD in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Effectiveness and Side Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Muit ◽  
N. Bothof ◽  
C. C. Kan
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens

Objective: Symptoms of ADHD are expected to be more difficult to treat in patients with a combination of ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as opposed to only ADHD. Little evidence is available on the influence of ASD on the effects of pharmacotherapy in adults with ADHD. This study addresses this gap. Method: 60 adults with ADHD and comorbid ASD were selected from an outpatient clinic and compared with 226 adults from the same clinic with only ADHD. Similar treatment regimens were received. Results: Significant decreases in symptoms of ADHD were found in both groups. A diagnosis of ASD did not affect the reduction in symptoms of ADHD. No significant group differences in side effects or vital signs were found. Conclusion: Results show that medication for ADHD can effectively and safely be prescribed to patients with ADHD and comorbid ASD. Suggestions for future research are discussed.

Measuring change in facial emotion recognition in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1607-1628
Author(s):  
Andrea Trubanova Wieckowski ◽  
L Taylor Flynn ◽  
J Anthony Richey ◽  
Denis Gracanin ◽  
Susan W White
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Electronic Database Search

Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder are less accurate in facial emotion recognition, which is thought to contribute to impairment in social functioning. Although many interventions have been developed to improve facial emotion recognition, there is no consensus on how to best measure facial emotion recognition in people with autism spectrum disorder. This lack of agreement has led to wide variability in how facial emotion recognition is measured and, subsequently, inconsistent findings related to impact of intervention targeting facial emotion recognition impairment. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the extant research on measurement of facial emotion recognition in the context of treatment. We conducted an electronic database search to identify relevant, peer-reviewed articles published between January 1998 and November 2019 to identify studies evaluating change in facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorder. Sixty-five studies met inclusion criteria, utilizing a total of 36 different assessment measures for facial emotion recognition in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Only six of the measures were used in multiple studies conducted by different investigative teams. The outcomes of the studies are reported and summarized with the goal of informing future research. Lay Abstract Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder show difficulty recognizing facial emotions in others, which makes social interaction challenging. While there are many treatments developed to improve facial emotion recognition, there is no agreement on the best way to measure such abilities in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of this review is to examine studies that were published between January 1998 and November 2019 and have measured change in facial emotion recognition to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments. Our search yielded 65 studies, and within these studies, 36 different measures were used to evaluate facial emotion recognition in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Only six of these measures, however, were used in different studies and by different investigators. In this review, we summarize the different measures and outcomes of the studies, in order to identify promising assessment tools and inform future research.

scholarly journals Health Status of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Forde ◽  
Paola Molina Bonilla ◽  
Arlene Mannion ◽  
Rory Coyne ◽  
Ross Haverty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Adults With Asd

AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a higher probability of developing co-occurring mental or physical health conditions. However, little is known about how these health conditions develop and impact the lives of the adult ASD population. This paper reviewed existing studies concerning factors affecting the health status of adults with ASD and described their outcomes and prevalence. A systematic search of electronic databases yielded 21 studies eligible to be included. The most common physical problems affecting health were epilepsy and immune, gastrointestinal, and sleep disorders. Mental health disorders, most prominently mood and anxiety disorders and OCD, were also strong factors for determining health in adults. Future research should focus on measuring the overall health status of the adult ASD population.

Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Future Research ◽  
College Level ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Adolescents With Autism

Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Handbook is an edited volume that summarizes the current state of the research concerning adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This is important, as the research indicates that young adults have low rates of attendance in post-secondary education, of being competitively employed, and of living independently. Traditionally, the field of autism has focused on early screening, diagnosis, and intervention. The poor outcomes indicate that individuals with ASD experience lifelong struggles, and few other books have focused on adolescents and young adults with ASD. Experts from a multitude of disciplines serving this population have written chapters that summarize the research in their area of expertise and offer practical suggestions for clinicians, teachers, and parents. Each chapter provides a bullet-point abstract, a list of additional resources, and study questions. These features are designed to make it useful for college-level instructors. In addition, each chapter provides suggestions for future research, which are designed to move the field forward.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Related Disruptive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-158
Author(s):  
Connor M. Kerns ◽  
Chandler Puhy ◽  
Chelsea M. Day ◽  
Steven J. Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Disruptive Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Defiant Behavior

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition characterizes oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) as reflecting pervasive patterns of irritable mood, defiant behavior, and/or vindictiveness. Youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit high rates of disruptive behaviors commonly associated with ODD, such as noncompliance, irritability, temper tantrums, and mood dysregulation. This chapter reviews the presentation of ODD in individuals with ASD, including current prevalence estimates, proposed etiology, validated assessment methods, and emerging best practices designed to treat challenging behaviors. Although there is a robust literature describing assessment and treatment procedures for disruptive behaviors in individuals with ASD, conceptualizing these hallmark behaviors within the framework of ODD is relatively novel and not without controversy. Discussion thus includes challenges around the applicability of the diagnostic criteria in this population and future research directions that may provide clarity on this issue.

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