scholarly journals Cognitive and Neuroimaging Profiles of Older Adults With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Presenting to a Memory Clinic

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110605
Author(s):  
Brandy L. Callahan ◽  
Nayani Ramakrishnan ◽  
Prathiba Shammi ◽  
Daniel Bierstone ◽  
Rebecca Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Neurology Clinic ◽  
Memory Clinics ◽  
Patient Groups

Objective: Some features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may resemble those of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults, contributing to diagnostic uncertainty in individuals seeking assessment in memory clinics. We systematically compared cognition and brain structure in ADHD and MCI to clarify the extent of overlap and identify potential features unique to each. Method: Older adults from a Cognitive Neurology clinic (40 ADHD, 29 MCI, 37 controls) underwent neuropsychological assessment. A subsample ( n = 80) underwent structural neuroimaging. Results: Memory was impaired in both patient groups, but reflected a storage deficit in MCI (supported by relatively smaller hippocampi) and an encoding deficit in ADHD (supported by frontal lobe thinning). Both groups displayed normal executive functioning. Semantic retrieval was uniquely impaired in MCI. Conclusion: Although ADHD has been proposed as a dementia risk factor or prodrome, we propose it is rather a pathophysiologically-unique phenotypic mimic acting via overlap in memory and executive performance.

Distinct Cognitive and Neuroimaging Profiles in Later-Life Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy L. Callahan ◽  
Nayani Ramakrishnan ◽  
Prathiba Shammi ◽  
Daniel Bierstone ◽  
Rebecca Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
Structural Neuroimaging ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly being recognized in adults and older adults. Some of its behavioral features (e.g., distractibility, forgetfulness, impulsivity) may resemble those of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which contributes to diagnostic uncertainty in later life. The present study aimed to systematically compare ADHD and MCI on measures of cognition and structural neuroimaging to clarify the extent of their overlap (i.e., cognitive features of ADHD that are most likely to be taken for signs of MCI) and identify potential features unique to each disorder (i.e., that may be used to guide diagnostic impressions). Methods: One hundred and six adults aged 50 years or above were recruited from a Cognitive Neurology clinic (40 ADHD, 29 MCI and 37 controls) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. A subsample (n=80) underwent structural neuroimaging.Results: Memory was impaired in both patient groups, but reflected a storage deficit in MCI (supported by imaging findings of reduced hippocampal volumes) and an encoding deficit in ADHD (supported by frontal-lobe cortical thinning). Both groups performed normally on executive measures. Semantic retrieval was uniquely impaired in MCI.Conclusions: Behavioral and structural imaging features strongly suggest that ADHD and MCI are similar manifestations of separate pathophysiological processes. Although ADHD has been proposed as a risk factor or prodromal stage of neurodegeneration, we propose it is rather acting as a phenotypic mimic of MCI via overlap in memory and executive performance.

Polysomnographic findings in a sample of older adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 357 ◽  
pp. e432
Author(s):  
N. Campora ◽  
A. Cabanna Cal ◽  
M. Tanzi ◽  
S. Valiensi ◽  
M.J. Garcia Basalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective assessment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults compared with controls using the QbTest

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1526-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Bijlenga ◽  
Fredrik Ulberstad ◽  
Lisa B. Thorell ◽  
Hanna Christiansen ◽  
Oliver Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in older adults in the Netherlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Michielsen ◽  
Evert Semeijn ◽  
Hannie C. Comijs ◽  
Peter van de Ven ◽  
Aartjan T. F. Beekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study

BackgroundLittle is known about the prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among older adults.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of the syndromatic and symptomatic DSM-IV ADHD diagnosis in older adults in The Netherlands.MethodData were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). At baseline, 1494 participants were screened with an ADHD questionnaire and in 231 respondents a structured diagnostic interview was administered. The weighted prevalence of ADHD was calculated.ResultsThe estimated prevalence rate of syndromatic ADHD in older adults was 2.8%; for symptomatic ADHD the rate was 4.2%. Younger elderly adults (60–70 years) reported significantly more ADHD symptoms than older elderly adults (71–94 years).ConclusionsThis is the first epidemiological study on ADHD in older persons. With a prevalence of 2.8% the study demonstrates that ADHD does not fade or disappear in adulthood and that it is a topic very much worthy of further study.

scholarly journals Differential engagement of cognitive and affective neural systems in pediatric bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA M. PASSAROTTI ◽  
JOHN A. SWEENEY ◽  
MANI N. PAVULURI
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Patient Groups

AbstractThis fMRI study investigates the neural bases of cognitive control of emotion processing in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Seventeen un-medicated PBD patients, 15 un-medicated ADHD patients, and 14 healthy controls (HC) (mean age = 13.78 ± 2.47) performed an emotional valence Stroop Task, requiring them to match the color of an emotionally valenced word to the color of either of two adjacent circles. Both patient groups responded significantly slower than HC, but there were no group differences in accuracy. A voxel-wise analysis of variance on brain activation revealed a significant interaction of group by word valence [F(2,41) = 4.44; p = .02]. Similar group differences were found for negative and positive words. For negative versus neutral words, both patient groups exhibited greater activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and parietal cortex relative to HC. The PBD group exhibited greater activation in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) relative to HC. The ADHD group exhibited decreased VLPFC activation relative to HC and the PBD group. During cognitive control of emotion processing, PBD patients deployed the VLPFC to a greater extent than HC. The ADHD patients showed decreased VLPFC engagement relative to both HC and PBD patients. (JINS, 2010, 16, 106–117.)

Criterion Validity of an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Screening List for Screening ADHD in Older Adults Aged 60–94 years

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert J. Semeijn ◽  
Marieke Michielsen ◽  
Hannie C. Comijs ◽  
Dorly J.H. Deeg ◽  
Aartjan T.F. Beekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Feedback-Based Learning of Timing in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Neurofibromatosis Type 1

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Astrid Prochnow ◽  
Annet Bluschke ◽  
Barbara Novotna ◽  
Maja von der Hagen ◽  
Christian Beste
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Feedback Learning ◽  
Patient Groups

Abstract Objective: Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) frequently display symptoms resembling those of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Importantly, these disorders are characterised by distinct changes in the dopaminergic system, which plays an important role in timing performance and feedback-based adjustments in timing performance. In a transdiagnostic approach, we examine how far NF1 and ADHD show distinct or comparable profiles of timing performance and feedback-based adjustments in timing. Method: We examined time estimation and learning processes in healthy control children (HC), children with ADHD with predominantly inattentive symptoms and those with NF1 using a feedback-based time estimation paradigm. Results: Healthy controls consistently responded closer to the correct time window than both patient groups, were less variable in their reaction times and displayed intact learning-based adjustments across time. The patient groups did not differ from each other regarding the number of in-time responses. In ADHD patients, the performance was rather unstable across time. No performance changes could be observed in patients with NF1 across the entire task. Conclusions: Children with ADHD and NF1 differ in feedback learning-based adjustments of time estimation processes. ADHD is characterised by behavioural fluctuations during the learning process. These are likely to be associated with inefficiencies in the dopaminergic system. NF1 is characterised by impairments of feedback learning which could be due to various neurotransmitter alterations occurring in addition to deficits in dopamine synthesis. Results show that despite the strong overlap in clinical phenotype and neuropsychological deficits between NF1 and ADHD, the underlying cognitive mechanisms are different.

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