The Complexity of Practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Freeman ◽  
Jori N. Hall

All social and professional practices are historically situated, evolving forms of acting and interacting. Evaluation, as a practice, is shaped by and shapes the practice evaluated. This article contributes to responsive and values-engaged evaluation approaches by reflecting on the space where these two practices intersect. The evaluative task was to document the nature of a partnership between a university and school district and how that partnership was being carried out in the form of a professional development school. The authors focus on the role that participant observation, as an interactive and responsive form of engagement, played in the evaluation. Through two lenses—observing the partners and observing ourselves—the authors critically reflect on their decision-making processes, assessing their accomplishments and shortcomings. The authors conclude by considering how they might further their engagement as values-engaged evaluators in this context in ways that support the development of both the evaluators and the evaluand.

Author(s):  
Holly Henderson Pinter ◽  
Kim K. Winter ◽  
Myra K. Watson

This chapter explores a number of issues for consideration when adopting and implementing edTPA as a summative performance-based assessment of preservice teacher candidate tasks. This chapter aims to offer guidance and support for programs in the beginning stages of implementation of edTPA. Each of the considerations includes a vignette from personal experiences at a regional comprehensive university in the southeast. Issues discussed include timeline for implementation, buy-in, decision-making processes, professional development and training, mapping, and next steps. The vignettes detail particular issues or concerns and include faculty, staff, and/or teacher candidates. Data used to develop the vignettes was collected via interviews, surveys, and reflections.


Author(s):  
Kelli Thomas ◽  
Douglas Huffman

This chapter shares a brief history of the STEM to STEAM movement, shares two case descriptions drawn from the perspectives of leaders in two school districts in which schools adopted a STEAM focus, describes challenges and opportunities associated with implementation of a STEAM initiative, and proposes five features to consider when implementing models to becoming a STEAM-focused school or school district. The five features drawn from analysis of the two cases are intentional efforts by school districts to gain buy-in; adequate time for teacher learning and planning through authentic and relevant professional development; community connections, real-world and problem-based or project-based; mutual decision-making and support between teachers and administrators; and budget planning and allocation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Alina Balczyńska-Kosman

The article presents selected aspects of the contemporary picture of changes in women’s media activity. The presence of women in the media is increasingly seen not only in the dimension of their passive participation, but also in journalistic activity and in non stereotypical representations of the female sex in media broadcasts. The text presents the sociopolitical conditions of changes in women’s media participation, with particular emphasis on the processes of receiving messages and the sphere of journalistic activity. The text recognizes that the contemporary picture of women’s participation in media systems, despite numerous activities aimed at implementing equal opportunities policy, is characterized by asymmetry and still insufficient women’s presence, especially in the area of decision-making processes and various topics in media, in general. Although the progressive feminization of public space is noticeable, women still face barriers and restrictions in professional development on journalistic ground. Therefore, breaking stereotypes and equalizing gender representation in the media ought to be considered as an evolutionary process rather than revolutionary changes in this matter.


Author(s):  
Holly Henderson Pinter ◽  
Kim K. Winter ◽  
Myra K. Watson

This chapter explores a number of issues for consideration when adopting and implementing edTPA as a summative performance-based assessment of preservice teacher candidate tasks. This chapter aims to offer guidance and support for programs in the beginning stages of implementation of edTPA. Each of the considerations includes a vignette from personal experiences at a regional comprehensive university in the southeast. Issues discussed include timeline for implementation, buy-in, decision-making processes, professional development and training, mapping, and next steps. The vignettes detail particular issues or concerns and include faculty, staff, and/or teacher candidates. Data used to develop the vignettes was collected via interviews, surveys, and reflections.


2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110319
Author(s):  
Daniel Kudla

While studies have shown that Business Improvement Areas (BIAs) manage and control their physical urban spaces to generate local economic growth, little work has examined how these organizations lobby for their market interests during key decision-making processes. Drawing from the pragmatic sociology of critique, this paper develops a theoretical framework to explain how political-economic power is socio-culturally encoded during local government decision-making processes. Socio-cultural power is defined through two interrelated processes: (1) interactional settings where social actors practice their critical capacity by drawing upon socio-historically created moral orders and (2) the extent to which institutional experts limit laypersons' critical capacity and successfully construct local realities to advance their agendas. This framework is applied to London, Ontario's Old East Village to show how the local BIA influenced two separate affordable housing development plans. Based on interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, the findings show that the Old East Village BIA strategically framed and co-opted community critiques of these developments in a way that justified their own market interests (more feet on the street) over the community's civic interests (the provision of affordable housing). This paper extends the BIA literature by demonstrating BIA influence over affordable housing development, local matters that are outside the purview of their commercial jurisdiction.


Author(s):  
Holly Henderson Pinter ◽  
Kim K. Winter ◽  
Myra K. Watson

This chapter explores a number of issues for consideration when adopting and implementing edTPA as a summative performance-based assessment of preservice teacher candidate tasks. This chapter aims to offer guidance and support for programs in the beginning stages of implementation of edTPA. Each of the considerations includes a vignette from personal experiences at a regional comprehensive university in the southeast. Issues discussed include timeline for implementation, buy-in, decision-making processes, professional development and training, mapping, and next steps. The vignettes detail particular issues or concerns and include faculty, staff, and/or teacher candidates. Data used to develop the vignettes was collected via interviews, surveys, and reflections.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Chihiro Kawakami ◽  
Rintaro Imafuku ◽  
Koji Tsunekawa ◽  
Takuya Saiki

Objectives: The characteristics of nurses who leave the profession after completing nursing school have not been examined sufficiently. Therefore, we examined the reasons for applying to nursing school and the process of arriving at the decision to apply among nurses showing delayed professional development.Methods: Participants were eight junior nurses showing a delay in their growth as nurses, who were working at two teaching hospitals. We utilized semi-structured interviews, and the transcripts were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed.Results: A frequency analysis of the reasons identified in the transcripts revealed twelve primary reasons for applying to nursing school, such as attraction to the nursing profession, selection from among the different options in the medical field, scholastic aptitude for post-high-school entrance examinations, and academic interest. A qualitative analysis of the process by which participants decided to apply to nursing school yielded three themes: tendency to depend on others, superficial consideration of their own aptitude for the nursing profession, and obtaining a nursing license as a means of accomplishing another purpose.Conclusions: We revealed a number of reasons why newly qualified nurse exhibit delayed professional development as well as three characteristics of their decision-making to apply to a nursing school. The practical implications for the interview process in selection of applicants, effective usage of role model, and coaching are indicated for future nursing education.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Habibie Ibrahim ◽  
Sally Johnson ◽  
Philip Giligan ◽  
Jones Adu-Gyamfi

The present research aimed to investigate the perceptions of the Malaysian Child Social Workers on emotions in their professional practice i.e. decision-making processes. Traditionally, decision-making is viewed as a rational process where reason indicates the best way to achieve a goal. However, many philosophers, neuroscientists and psychologists emphasise that the role of emotions in decision making is not exempted. The overall research strategy was ethnographic. The researchers used a mixture of methods including individual interviews, participant observation, and a questionnaire. The research was conducted in three locations in Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur, Petaling and Kota Kinabalu. Participants consisted of child protectors and rehabilitation officers from the Malaysia Welfare Department and medical social workers in hospitals. This paper presents an analysis of individual interviews in the three locations. A total of twenty-five interviews were conducted (twelve male, thirteen female; age range 29-51). Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The research findings revealed that the Malaysian child social workers tended to avoid emotions in their professional practice (i.e. decision- making processes), which might be due to the procedural practice. Based on the participants’ perceptions with regard to the use of emotions in decision-making proceses, the Malaysian child social workers’ understanding, knowledge and terms pertaining to emotions and their contributions in decision making were seemingly confined to the negative effects of emotions. Emotions, however, were not only characterised as disruptive but also viewed as having their ‘rationality’.


2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Pollyanna Teresa Cirilo Gomes ◽  
Verónica Elizabeth Mata ◽  
Thais Conceição Borges ◽  
Dayani Galato

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe the four types of horizon scanning (HS) outputs developed by the National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC) and show their main repercussions on the decision-making processes of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MH). METHODS: Descriptive study based on participant observation and document analysis of HS outputs (internal reports, alert reports, briefs and sections for CONITEC recommendation reports) developed between January 2014 and July 2018. RESULTS: Fifteen internal reports, six alert reports, two briefs and 57 HS sections were produced. Each output has a specific structure according to its purpose. The methodological approach adopted for developing HS outputs in Brazil is described by EuroScan International Network. The outputs had institutional and international repercussions. The activities resulted in the inclusion of HS as a tool for reducing health lawsuits in the legal framework of the MH. One of the internal reports on a high-cost drug not approved in Brazil for a rare disease was requested by the Health Technology Assessments Network for the Americas (RedETSA), showing the international relevance of the outputs. The HS sections in recommendation reports influenced discussions about incorporating technologies into the Unified Health System. CONCLUSIONS: The developed outputs have purposes ranging from helping build arguments for defense of the MH in cases of health judicialization to inform decision-making processes. In addition, HS sections in recommendation reports have grown in importance recently. CONITEC’s HS system has been structured, and its role as a tool to inform health managers has shown to be been relevant.


Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Roche ◽  
Arkady Zgonnikov ◽  
Laura M. Morett

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the social and cognitive underpinnings of miscommunication during an interactive listening task. Method An eye and computer mouse–tracking visual-world paradigm was used to investigate how a listener's cognitive effort (local and global) and decision-making processes were affected by a speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication. Results Experiments 1 and 2 found that an environmental cue that made a miscommunication more or less salient impacted listener language processing effort (eye-tracking). Experiment 2 also indicated that listeners may develop different processing heuristics dependent upon the speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication, exerting a significant impact on cognition and decision making. We also found that perspective-taking effort and decision-making complexity metrics (computer mouse tracking) predict language processing effort, indicating that instances of miscommunication produced cognitive consequences of indecision, thinking, and cognitive pull. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that listeners behave both reciprocally and adaptively when miscommunications occur, but the way they respond is largely dependent upon the type of ambiguity and how often it is produced by the speaker.


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