Choroidal, macular and ganglion cell layer thickness assessment in Caucasian children measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212096548
Author(s):  
Cristina Del-Prado-Sánchez ◽  
Olga Seijas-Leal ◽  
Pablo Gili-Manzanaro ◽  
Juan Ferreiro-López ◽  
Julio Yangüela-Rodilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: To study the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), macular ganglion cell layer (GCL-IPL) and central macular thickness (CMT) in Caucasian children, and to analyze these optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters depending on the spherical equivalent (SE). Methods: Cross-sectional study of SFCT, GCL-IPL, and CMT in Caucasian children, analyzed with spectral-domain OCT Cirrus 5000 and Enhanced-depth imaging technique. Correlation between these three OCT parameters, age, sex, and spherical equivalent was analyzed. The eyes were classified into three groups: group 1 included eyes with SE < 0, group 2 included eyes with SE between 0 and +2.00, and group 3 eyes with SE > +2.00. Results: Hundred ninety-eight eyes of 121 subjects were studied. The mean age was 9.22 years (range 3–16); 61.1% were female. The mean SFCT was 351.04 ± 84.08 µm, being 310.04 ± 82.84µm in group 1 (n = 62), 373.14 ± 83.16 µm in group 2 (n = 71) and 365.18 ± 73.16 µm in group 3 ( n = 65); statistically significant differences were found between groups 2 and 3, compared with group 1. GCL-IPL thickness was significantly thinner ( p < 0.001) in group 1, compared with group 3. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups regarding CMT. Correlation with age, and sex was not found. Conclusions: SFCT and GCL-IPL thickness were significantly thinner ( p < 0.001) in myopic children when compared with a non-myopic pediatric population. However, it seems that there is not a correlation among the three OCT parameters studied, age and sex, when they are analyzed depending on refractive error.

scholarly journals Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness in Alzheimer's disease using optical coherence tomography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panitha Jindahra ◽  
Nitchanan Hengsiri ◽  
Pirada Witoonpanich ◽  
Anuchit Poonyathalang ◽  
Teeratorn Pulkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: To evaluate the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD), by measuring the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL).Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional study. The study included 29 patients with AD (mean age ± standard deviation: 75.61 ± 6.24 years) and 29 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. All participants underwent cognitive evaluations using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test. Measurements of the RNFL thickness, as well as GCL-IPL thickness, were obtained for all participants using OCT. Both RNFL and GCL-IPL parameters were adjusted for best–corrected visual acuity.Results: The mean RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in the AD group than in the control group (85.24 and 90.68 µm, respectively, adjusted P = 0.019). The superior quadrant was thinner in the AD group (adjusted P = 0.042). The thicknesses did not differ significantly between groups for the other quadrants. The mean GCL-IPL thickness in the AD (68.81 µm) was significantly thinner than that in the controls (76.42 µm) (adjusted P = 0.010). Overall, there was a negative correlation between age and mean RNFL; and between age and GCL-IPL thickness (r = − 0.338, P = 0.010 and r = − 0.346, P = 0.008, respectively).Conclusions: The mean RNFL and GCL-IPL thicknesses were thinner in the AD group than in the control group. These findings suggest that RNFL and GCL-IPL thickness may be biological markers for AD.

Comparison of the ATRIA, CHA2DS2-VASc, and Modified Scores ATRIA-HSV, CHA2DS2-VASc-HS, for the Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease Severity

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972199141
Author(s):  
Arafat Yildirim ◽  
Mehmet Kucukosmanoglu ◽  
Fethi Yavuz ◽  
Nermin Yildiz Koyunsever ◽  
Yusuf Cekici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease Severity ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Group 1

Many parameters included in the Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) and CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category) scores also predict coronary artery disease (CAD). We modified the ATRIA score (ATRIA-HSV) by adding hyperlipidemia, smoking, and vascular disease and also male sex instead of female. We evaluated whether the CHA2DS2-VASc, CHA2DS2-VASc-HS, ATRIA, and ATRIA-HSV scores predict severe CAD. Consecutive patients with coronary angiography were prospectively included. A ≥50% stenosis in ≥1epicardial coronary artery (CA) was defined as severe CAD. Patient with normal CA (n = 210) were defined as group 1, with <50% CA stenosis (n = 178) as group 2, and with ≥50% stenosis (n = 297) as group 3. The mean ATRIA, ATRIA-HSV, CHA2DS2-VASc, and CHA2DS2VASc-HS scores increased from group 1 to group 3. A correlation was found between the Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery score and ATRIA ( r = 0.570), ATRIA-HSV ( r = 0.614), CHA2DS2-VASc ( r = 0.428), and CHA2DS2-VASc-HS ( r = 0.500) scores ( Ps < .005). Pairwise comparisons of receiver operating characteristics curves showed that ATRIA-HSV (>3 area under curve [AUC]: 0.874) and ATRIA (>3, AUC: 0.854) have a better performance than CHA2DS2-VASc (>1, AUC: 0.746) and CHA2DS2-VASc-HS (>2, AUC: 0.769). In conclusion, the ATRIA and ATRIA-HSV scores are simple and may be useful to predict severe CAD.

scholarly journals Comparison of Changes in Number of Hyperreflective Dots After İntravitreal Ranibizumab or Dexamethasone İmplant in Patients with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin Karalezli ◽  
Sema Kaderli ◽  
Ahmet Kaderli ◽  
Cansu Kaya ◽  
Sabahattin Sul
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Intravitreal Ranibizumab ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Purpose: To compare the effect of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) or intravitreal dexamethasone implants (IVD) on regression of hyperreflective dots (HRDs) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scan in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: 37 eyes of 37 patients with cystoid macular edema who received IVR or IVD and followed up for at least 12 months were included in this study. The patients were divided into three groups according to intravitreal treatment. Group 1 consisted of 12 eyes who received only IVD, group 2 consisted of 10 eyes who received only IVR on a pro re nata and group 3 consisted of 15 eyes who received both IVD and IVR. OCT parameters (CMT, number of HRDs, status of external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ)) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared between the groups over the follow-up time. HRDs were categorized as HRD in inner retinal layers (from the internal limiting membrane to the inner nuclear layer) or HRD in outer retinal layers (from the outer plexiform layer to the outer border of the photoreceptor layer).Results: There was no significant difference between groups in terms of BCVA, CMT, HRDs in the inner and the outer retinal layers at baseline visit. (p˃0.05 for all) Comparing the baseline values in all groups, a significant decrease was observed in CMT in the first year. (For group 1; p=0.013, group 2; p=0.010; group 3, p<0.001) The BCVA was significantly increased after 1 year in all groups. (p=0.001, p=0.006, p<0.001) The mean number of HRDs in inner and outer retinal layers were significantly decreased in group 1 and group 3. (For group 1; p<0.001, p=0.001, for group 3; p<0.001, p<0.001) However, there was no significant difference in terms of the mean number of HRDs in inner and outer retinal layers for group 2. (p=0.134, p=0.477) At the first year, the number of HRDs in inner and outer retinal layers was significantly lower in group 1 and group 3 than group 2. (For inner HRDs; group 1 vs. group 2 p=0.007, group 2 vs. group 3 p<0.001. For outer HRDs group 1 vs. group 2 p<0.001, group 2 vs. group 3 p<0.001.) The BCVA was higher in group 3 than group 2 at 1year. (p=0.048). There was no significant difference in terms of post-treatment CMT and the number of HRDs between group 1 and group3 in posthoc tests (p=0.621, p=0.876, and p=0.632).Conclusion: The reduction in HRDs at 12 months and better BCVA after IVD intimates that the HRDs should be considered as inflammatory markers in the follow-up of CME in BRVO. Thus, IVD injection could be more appropriate for patients with higher HRDs after BRVO.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Iron Status, Haemoglobin and Protein Levels of Pregnant Women in Owerri Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
I. L. Okoroiwu ◽  
Jane Ugochi Chinedu-Madu ◽  
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu ◽  
C. C. N. Vincent ◽  
O. M. T. B. Ochiabuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The study was done to determine iron status, haemoglobin and protein levels of pregnant women in owerri metropolis. A total of 100 pregnant women were recruited for this study. The mean Hb levels in group 1, group 2, and group 3· were 12.00±1.68g/dl, 10.06±1.J4g/dl and 10.96±1.19g/dl respectively. The mean Serum ferritin level of group 1 was 67.00±88.38ng/ml, group 2, 52.48±52.47ng/ml and group 3, 51.26±48.70ng/ml. The mean Serum iron in group 1, 2 and 3 were 46.72±16.41 g/dl, 79.59±63.24 g/dl and 83.35±53.04 g/dl respectively. In group 1, 2 and 3 the mean results. ( g/dl) of TIBC were 295.58 ± 109.53, 324.06 ± 178.00 and 319.88 ± 92.95 and % T.S (%) were 18.78 ± 11.77,26.59 ± 19.40 and 17.97 ± 10.87 percent respectively. The mean total protein was group 1,6.83±l1.77g/dl, group 2,6.39±0.70g/dl and group 3, 6.39 ±0.98 g/dl while the mean albumin (g/dl) in group 1, 2 and 3 were 4.84±0.47, 4.13±0.28 and 4.14±0.29 respectively. The mean values of globulin (g/dl) were 1.98 ± 0.91, 2.29 ± 0.87 and 1.89 ± 0.90 in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. As gestational age increased; serum ferritin, total protein, and albumin levels decreased while serum" iron and TIBC increased. The differences in the mean results between the groups were statistically significant (p<0.05) while % T.S and globulin levels when compared showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Iron status showed no statistical difference with increasing parity (p>0.05). However, from this study iron deficiency anaemia was most prevalent in second trimester; hence iron status estimation should be an integral part of routine antenatal care test during second trimester of each pregnancy for proper assessment and management of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Serum Bioavailable Testosterone: Assayed or Calculated?

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Giton ◽  
Jean Fiet ◽  
Jérôme Guéchot ◽  
Fidaa Ibrahim ◽  
Françoise Bronsard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Association Constants ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Bioavailable Testosterone ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: Bioavailable testosterone (BT), circulating testosterone not bound to sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), is thought to easily penetrate cells. We compared BT measurements obtained by assays with those obtained by calculation with different testosterone association constants. Methods: We obtained sera from 2 groups of hypogonadal men [group 1 (G1), 1421 samples; group 2 (G2), 170 samples] and a group of healthy men [group 3 (G3), 109 samples]. We added minute doses of [3H]testosterone to the sera, precipitated the SHBG-bound fraction of testosterone with ammonium sulfate (50% saturation), and then assayed serum BT (ABT) as %BT × total. Calculated BT (CBT) was determined with theoretical association constants of testosterone for SHBG (Ks = 1 × 109 L/mol) and albumin (Ka = 3.6 × 104 L/mol) and paired optimal Ks and Ka values obtained by use of Microsoft Excel software. Results: CBT calculated with theoretical constants differed from ABT by &gt;30% in 85.7% (G1), 84.1% (G2), and 77.9% (G3) of samples, and the mean CBT/ABT ratios were 1.57 (G1), 1.85 (G2), and 1.50 (G3) in spite of fairly good correlations. CBT calculated with paired optimal Ks and Ka differed from ABT by &lt;30% in 87.4% (G1), 87.5% (G2), and 97.5% (G3) of samples, and mean CBT/ABT ratios were 0.95–1.04. Conclusions: To obtain CBT values as close as possible to ABT, optimal paired association constants determined for each studied population must be used instead of the theoretical association constants. Considering the uncertainty of calculating BT, however, use of the ammonium sulfate precipitation method for determining BT is advisable.

EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF SILODOSIN VERSUS SILODOSIN WITH DEFLAZACORT IN EXPULSION OF LOWER URETERIC CALCULI

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Dev Yadav ◽  
P.N Agarwal ◽  
Sham Lal Singla ◽  
Kanwar Singh Goel ◽  
R. Talukdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plain Radiograph ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Expulsion Rate ◽  
Ureteric Calculi ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: To compare the efcacy of silodosin versus silodosin with deazacort in expulsion of lower end ureteric calculi, in terms of episodes of pain,stone expulsion rate,stone expulsion time ,analgesic requirements and side effects Introduction: Ureteric calculi represent 20% of urinary stones. Ureteroscopy and Shock wave lithotripsy proven the method of treatments for lower ureteric stones; however, they are expensive and not risk free. Aconservative approach is becoming more popular as a result of advances in pharmacological therapy which reduces the symptoms and helps in stone expulsion. We performed a randomized controlled prospective study to evaluate the efcacy of Deazacort in combination with alpha blocker silodosin in medical management of symptomatic lower Ureteric stones of ≤8 mm size. Material and methods: A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted on 60 patients, age ≥ 18 , who had unilateral lower ureteric stone of ≤ 8 mm. Patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 received silodosin 8 mg for 14 days,Group 2 received silodosin 8 mg plus deazacort 30mg daily for 14 days and Group 3 (control) received diclofenac potassium (75 mg ) when required. The patients were followed-up by ultrasonography ,plain radiograph KUB and computed tomography (in some cases). Results: There was a higher stone expulsion rate of 95% in Group 2 as compared to Group 1(85%) and Group 3(35%) . Group 2 showed a signicant advantage for stone expulsion time ,decreased pain episodes and analgesic use. Two patients, one in group 1 and group 2, reported retrograde ejaculation. Conclusion: The results showed that silodosin with deazacort , increases the stone expulsion rate, decrease the stone expulsion time, decreases the mean number of pain episodes and decreases the mean analgesic dosage requirement. But larger study is required to establish its efcacy for expulsion rate which will be statistically signicant.

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