scholarly journals Raynaud’s phenomenon and related vasospastic disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Eunjung Choi ◽  
Stanislav Henkin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Livedo Reticularis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Vascular Disorders ◽  
Primary Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Secondary Raynaud’S Phenomenon

Raynaud’s phenomenon, which is characterized by episodic digital pallor, cyanosis and rubor upon exposure to cold environment or to stress, is relatively common, although the prevalence depends on the climate. Still, it is under-diagnosed, under-treated, and often confused with other conditions. Primary Raynaud’s phenomenon (i.e., Raynaud disease) must be distinguished from secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon (i.e., Raynaud syndrome) as long-term morbidity and outcomes differ vastly between the two conditions. Additionally, the practitioner must differentiate between Raynaud’s phenomenon and related vascular disorders, such as acrocyanosis, pernio, and livedo reticularis. In this article, we review differences between the conditions and suggest an approach to diagnosis and treatment strategy for these disorders.

scholarly journals Thumb Involvement in Raynaud’s Phenomenon as an Indicator of Underlying Connective Tissue Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
BATSI CHIKURA ◽  
TONIA MOORE ◽  
JOANNE MANNING ◽  
ANDY VAIL ◽  
ARIANE L. HERRICK
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue Disease ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Royal Hospital ◽  
Primary Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Secondary Raynaud’S Phenomenon

Objective.To conduct a retrospective study to assess whether the degree of thumb involvement differs between primary Raynaud’s phenomenon (PRP) and secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon (SRP).Methods.Thermography images from all patients attending Salford Royal Hospital and referred for thermography for assessment of RP between 2004 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. A distal dorsal difference (DDD) of −1°C or less between the fingertips and dorsum of the hand (fingers cooler) at 23°C was considered clinically relevant. The worse score (the lower score, i.e., the more negative value) from each pair of digits was considered for analysis.Results.One hundred seventy patients fulfilled the study criteria. DDD at 23°C for the thumbs were significantly higher (digital tips warmer) compared with other digits (p < 0.001) in both PRP and SRP. All digits were significantly warmer in PRP compared to SRP with the exception of the thumbs. The proportion of patients with clinically relevant involvement of thumbs was significantly higher in SRP compared to PRP (p = 0.003) and this difference was more pronounced in the thumbs compared with other digits.Conclusion.Although the median temperature gradient along the thumb was not significantly different between SRP and PRP, the thumb is more likely to be involved in SRP than in PRP. Thumb involvement is one of a number of clinical indicators that should alert the clinician to the possibility of an underlying connective tissue disease/disorder.

scholarly journals Severe Primary Raynaud’s Disease Treated with Rituximab

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mohammed Shabrawishi ◽  
Abdurahman Albeity ◽  
Hani Almoallim
Keyword(s):  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Digital Ulcers ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Digital Ischemia ◽  
Primary Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Secondary Raynaud’S Phenomenon

Raynaud’s phenomenon refers to reversible spasms of the peripheral arterioles that can be primary Raynaud’s phenomenon (PRP) or secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon (SRP) to underlying connective tissue disease, both of which are characterized by a triphasic color response triggered by cold exposure or stress. PRP is typically a benign disease, whereas SRP may progress into digital ulcers and/or gangrene. Here, we report a case of a 55-year-old female diagnosed with PRP 7 years ago. Treatment with first-line agents, including calcium channel blocker, aspirin, and phosphodiesterase inhibitor, did not control her symptoms, which progressed to digital ulceration and gangrene. There were no symptoms of underlying autoimmune disease or malignancy, and autoimmune, serology, and immunology test results were normal; a biopsy of her left little finger was negative for vasculitis. Development to critical digital ischemia necessitated treatment with intravenous iloprost and heparin infusion followed by angioplasty, which led to a partial improvement. Due to persistent symptoms, rituximab therapy was initiated and two cycles induced a complete resolution of symptoms.

Thermosemiotic raynaud’s phenomenon for gastrointestinal pathology in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
S. N. Kolesov
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Vascular Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathology ◽  
Gender And Age

The results of long-term thermal imaging (TI) studies of local peripheral vegetative-vascular disorders in children with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are summarized. TI cntena for the diagnosis of different variants of Raynaud's phenomenon depending on the gender and age of patients are formulated.

scholarly journals FRI0340 LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF PRIMARY RAYNAUD’S PHENOMENON COHORT OF 248 PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Miguel Ortiz Sanjuan ◽  
Elvira Vicens Bernabeu ◽  
Cristina Alcañiz Escandell ◽  
Inés Cánovas Olmos ◽  
Inmaculada Chalmeta Verdejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Primary Raynaud’S Phenomenon

Synchronous Onset of Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon in Monozygotic Twins

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Riccio ◽  
M.G. Sangiolo ◽  
G. Tarantino
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Primary Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Secondary Raynaud’S Phenomenon

The heritability of primary Raynaud's phenomenon has been reported in previous works. In this paper we describe the simultaneous onset of Raynaud's phenomenon, rapidly evolved in acrocyanosis and diagnosed as secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, observed in monozygotic twins. This case supports the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of such disorder. Moreover, the singular synchronism of its appearance is discussed.

scholarly journals AB0754 Long-term follow-up of 214 primary raynaud’s phenomenon patients

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Ortiz Sanjuan ◽  
C. Alcañiz Escandell ◽  
K.R. Arevalo Ruales ◽  
I. Chalmeta Verdejo ◽  
M. De la Rubia. Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Primary Raynaud’S Phenomenon

Plasma Levels of 5-Hydroxytryptamine during Sympathetic Stimulation and in Raynaud's Phenomenon

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay D. Coffman ◽  
Richard A. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Secondary Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Venous Plasma

1. The involvement of plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine in normal subjects during sympathetic stimulation and in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon was studied. 2. Arterial and venous plasma levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine were measured in normal subjects in a warm room, during reflex sympathetic stimulation by body cooling and during intra-arterial infusions of tyramine. Normal subjects (n = 19) had significantly higher levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine in venous plasma [mean 1.42 (SEM 0.23) ng/ml] than in arterial plasma [0.67 (0.12) ng/ml; P < 0.01]. Body cooling (n = 10) or tyramine infusion (n = 8) did not increase venous levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine despite significant decreases in blood flow and increases in vascular resistance. 3. Venous plasma levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine were also determined in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (n = 12) or secondary Raynaud's phenomenon due to scleroderma (n = 11). Patients with primary or secondary Raynaud's phenomenon did not have significantly higher venous plasma levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine than normal subjects, even during vasospastic attacks (n = 3). 4. It is concluded that either 5-hydroxytryptamine is not involved in sympathetic nerve vasoconstriction or in Raynaud's phenomenon, or 5-hydroxytryptamine released in the microcirculation is largely taken up or metabolized by endothelial cells or platelets.

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