The Case of the Guarantee Pension Reform: Change of Perceived Income Adequacy among Low-Income Pensioners in Finland

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-267
Author(s):  
Ilpo Airio ◽  
Minna Nurminen
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Income Adequacy ◽  
Perceived Income Adequacy

Self-care management and risk factors for depressive symptoms among elderly outpatients in Taiwan

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Fang Tsai ◽  
Li-Ling Liu ◽  
Hsiu-Hsin Tsai ◽  
Shih-Chi Chung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Income Adequacy ◽  
Perceived Income Adequacy ◽  
Elderly Outpatients ◽  
Depressive Tendency

ABSTRACTBackground: Early detection and appropriate treatment interventions for depressive symptoms in the elderly are important issues for healthcare systems. However, few studies to date have focused on understanding self-care strategies to manage depressive symptoms among elderly people worldwide. The purpose of this study was to explore self-care management strategies and risk factors for depressive symptoms among elderly outpatients in Taiwan.Methods: A convenience sample of elderly persons (≥65 years old; N = 1054) was recruited from outpatient clinics of two hospitals in northern Taiwan.Results: In our sample, the prevalence of depressive tendency was 16.3%. The majority of participants (70.1%) managed depressive symptoms with self-care strategies. The strategy most often used to relieve depressive symptoms was “take a walk.” The main information source for self-care strategies was self-learning. Depressive tendency in this sample was shown by logistic regression analysis to be significantly predicted by gender, marital status, perceived income adequacy, perceived health condition, stroke, and cancer.Conclusion: Elderly people need to be made more aware of strategies to self-manage depressive symptoms. Healthcare providers can decrease/prevent the first risk factor for depressive symptoms (poor perceived health status) by improving elders’ perceived health and promoting their actual health. The second risk factor (poor perceived income adequacy) can be decreased/prevented by carefully assessing patients’ financial situation during clinic visits and providing suitable referral for further assistance.

PUBLIC TRANSFER SUPPORT AND INCOME ADEQUACY AMONG THE LOW-INCOME AGED

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Roger L. Pupp ◽  
John Menefee
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Income Adequacy

scholarly journals Social identity and perceived income adequacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-361
Author(s):  
Deepti Goel ◽  
Ashwini Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Income Adequacy ◽  
Perceived Income Adequacy

scholarly journals Perceived Income Adequacy and Well-being Among Older Adults in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa E Gildner ◽  
Melissa A Liebert ◽  
Benjamin D Capistrant ◽  
Catherine D’Este ◽  
J Josh Snodgrass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Income Adequacy ◽  
Perceived Income Adequacy ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Objectives Perceived income adequacy is positively associated with self-rated health (SRH) and quality of life (QOL) among adults in higher-income countries. Additionally, older individuals often report higher levels of income adequacy. However, it is unclear if these associations, documented primarily in high-income countries, are also evident across economically and culturally distinctive low- and middle-income countries. Methods Data were drawn from the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), a study of adults aged 50 years or older in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, the Russian Federation, and South Africa. Smaller samples of younger adults (18–49 years) were included for comparison purposes. Participants reported income adequacy, SRH, and QOL. Associations between age and income adequacy and between income adequacy and SRH/QOL were examined using country-specific logistic regression analysis. Results Older adults in China and Russia were more likely to report better income adequacy than their 18- to 49-year-old counterparts; however, the opposite was observed in Ghana and India. SRH and QOL improved as income adequacy increased in all countries. Discussion As expected, income adequacy was correlated with SRH and QOL. However, the relationship between age and income adequacy varied cross-culturally, potentially due to differences in familial and governmental financial support.

Staatlich geforderte Altersvorsorge als Losung der Rentenproblematik?

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Raffelhüschen ◽  
Johann Eekhoff ◽  
Markus Jankowski ◽  
Michael Voigtländer ◽  
Bert Rürup
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Security System ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Private Saving ◽  
Old Age Security

AbstractIn this paper Bernd Raffelhüschen gives some insights into the political decision making process which changed the latest German pension reform from a fundamental step towards sustainability into a reform to be reformed. Nevertheless, he explains that the pension reform still bears a fundamental change, since it reduced transfers and at the same time opened for tax-preferred private and occupational pension plans. Hence, his paper investigates how these measures are developing presently and will develop in the future. Finally, some educated guesstimates are derived concerning those further reform steps to be undertaken in order to ensure the sustainability of a reduced pay-as-you-go scheme in future Germany.In their contribution, Johann Eekhoff, Markus Jankowski and Michael Voigtländer discuss the pros and cons of the Riester pension scheme. This so called “Riesterrente” involves a taxation scheme which can be regarded as a first step towards a consumption based taxation and can be justified in order to maintain intertemporal neutrality. The additional financial support for families and low-income earners, however, is neither based on efficiency grounds nor on a reasonable way of redistribution. The financial advantages are only granted if the capital investment is made in approved types of financial services. These restraints on capital investment will distort the functioning of the capital market which might lead to reduced economic growth and unemployment. Therefore, the authors conclude that the favouring of certain types of private saving should be abolished for the benefits of introducing consumption based taxation.Bert Rürup argues that central issues of last year’s pension legislation were a limitation of the growth of expenditures and as a result also a limitation of the expansion of the contribution rate as well as a redistribution in favour of younger generations as a precondition for intergenerational justice. The simultaneous reduction of the pay-as-you-go financed first pillar of old-age security while strengthening the funded pillars of old-age security helped to reach those targets.In his paper he argues that at the same time it was politically decided to melt down - in relative terms - the extent of the first pillar while simultaneously preserve the function of the old-age security system as an instrument to secure the standard of living after retirement. That also meant not to cut back the statutory pension insurance to a flat rate system in the long run. It should together with benefits from private systems guarantee - on the average - to keep up the income position reached in the period of professional activity also after retirement. This specific target makes state subsidization of private old-age security plans inevitable. The only alternative would be to turn the mandatory system into a compulsory one which would be the “cheaper” solution. The author states that compulsory saving for old-age security purposes versus targeted subsidization has distributive disadvantages and would hamper basic rules of market economy. And it would in Germany be impossible to be introduced due to political reasons.If for normativ reasons (“lean state”) the state organized old-age security system should be reduced e.g. like in Great Britain to the level of a system that provides protection against poverty, consequently state subsidization of private saving for old age purposes must be rejected. The first question to be answered is: Should state old-age security policy be directed towards maintaining the standard of living reached in working life or should it create only something like basic security? If that question is being answered in favour of the first, then a discussion on the nature and extent of state subsidization of private saving for old age purposes makes sense.

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