Market development, state formation, and the historical abolition of the debtors’ prison

2021 ◽  
pp. 146247452110349
Author(s):  
Alexander F. Roehrkasse
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
New York State ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Penal State ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Development State ◽  
Prison Abolition

In the late 18th century, lenders’ right to imprison borrowers for defaulting on debts was taken for granted. By the mid-19th century, this power was widely and permanently revoked. Using a variety of archival evidence, this study explains the historical demise of the debtors’ prison in New York State, the first Western jurisdiction to permanently abolish imprisonment for debt. Tracing seven decades of contestation over moral aspects of credit exchange and incarceration, it shows that the development of capitalist markets, including their cultural and technological consequences, was necessary but not sufficient to render the debtor's prison obsolete. Rather, the development of a liberal polity and a penal state institutionalized new moral views about the use of force in economic exchange, consolidating the legitimacy of bodily detention around the punishment of crimes rather than the coercion of private agreements. The analysis has implications for theories of states, markets, and violence, as well as for recent trends in penal debt, debt resistance, and prison abolition.

Recent trends in pediatric hospitalization in New York state

2006 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-641.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Kanter ◽  
John R. Moran
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
York State ◽  
Pediatric Hospitalization ◽  
Recent Trends

Chlorine-Rich Amphiboles from the Grenville-Age Hudson Highlands of New York State

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra J. Gilland ◽  
Laurel I. Hebert ◽  
Diego R. Javier-Jimenez ◽  
Janey M. Masi ◽  
Shannon R. Meyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Major Element ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
New York State ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Trace Element Data ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Magnetite Ore ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract Some Grenville-age rocks exposed in the uplifted region of the Hudson Highlands of southern New York are amphibole-dominant igneous rocks. The amphibole-rich rocks, which are locally pegmatitic in nature, are associated with magnetite ore and coarse-grained syenite; the ore was discovered and mined from the middle of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century. The amphiboles have attracted the attention of many researchers for nearly two centuries. Chemical analyses demonstrate that they are pargasite or hastingsite in composition and are particularly rich in Cl and K. High-precision crystal structure analyses of 11 Cl-rich amphiboles from the Hudson Highlands (0.0134 <R1 < 0.0169), including separation of M(1)Fe and M(1)Mg, allow corroboration of, and greatly extends the range of, previous models of Cl incorporation in amphiboles that were derived from a small number of samples. In addition to crystal structures and major-element analyses, trace-element data and Raman spectra are provided.

News and Announcements

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
New York State ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Roswell Park Memorial Institute ◽  
State University ◽  
Malignant Lymphomas ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Recent Trends

CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN ONCOLOGY FOR COMMUNITY PRACTITIONERS: Conducted monthly by Roswell Park Memorial Institute, these seminars qualify for Category I credit toward the AMA Physician's Award. There is no fee. Programs co-sponsored by the American Cancer Society, New York State Division; Office of Continuing Medical Education, State University of New York at Buffalo Medical School. Some of the upcoming programs include: "Malignant Lymphomas–Recent Trends in Classification and Therapy," May 13, chairman Dr. Leon Stutzman; "Epidemiology of Cancer Control," September 9, chairman Dr. Josef Vana; "Newest Methods in the Diagnosis of Cancer," October 13 and 14.

scholarly journals Czy jesteśmy „ludzkim zoo”?

2016 ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wrzesińska
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
World's Fairs ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
White Race ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
World’S Fairs ◽  
Social Level

Are we "human zoo"?Review: The Invention of Race. Scientific and Popular Representation, N. Bancel, T. David, D. Thomas (ed.), Routlege: New York-Abington, 2014, ss. 320.The book under review is a collection of articles presenting the functioning of the idea of the human race in the scientific, social and cultural backgrounds. The main purpose is to demonstrate how the concept of race have circulated from the late 18th century in scholarship as well as in popular reception. Thus the authors focus their attention on the so-called ethnological expositions (such as Negro or Eskimo Villages) organized on the occasion of world‘s fairs, today known as “human zoo.” On the social level, this helped support the conviction of the supremacy of the white race.  Czy jesteśmy  „ludzkim zoo”?Recenzja: The Invention of Race. Scientific and Popular Representation, N. Bancel, T. David, D. Thomas (ed.), Routlege: New York-Abington, 2014, ss. 320.Recenzowana praca zawiera zbiór artykułów poświęconych przedstawieniu funkcjonowania koncepcji podziału ludzkości na rasy na szerokim tle: naukowym, społecznym i kulturowym. Główny cel stanowi zobrazowanie procesu cyrkulacji idei rasy – od ujęć naukowych począwszy od końca XVIII w. aż do ukazania problemu na płaszczyźnie odbioru masowego. Tu obiektem zainteresowań badawczych stały się tzw. ekspozycje etnologiczne (np. wioski murzyńskie, eskimoskie) organizowane przy okazji wystaw światowych, określane dzisiaj mianem „ludzkich zoo”. Płaszczyzna ta przyczyniła się do utrwalenia w świadomości społecznej poczucia supremacji białej rasy.

scholarly journals Czy jesteśmy „ludzkim zoo”?

2016 ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wrzesińska
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
World's Fairs ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
White Race ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
World’S Fairs ◽  
Social Level

Are we "human zoo"?Review: The Invention of Race. Scientific and Popular Representation, N. Bancel, T. David, D. Thomas (ed.), Routlege: New York-Abington, 2014, ss. 320.The book under review is a collection of articles presenting the functioning of the idea of the human race in the scientific, social and cultural backgrounds. The main purpose is to demonstrate how the concept of race have circulated from the late 18th century in scholarship as well as in popular reception. Thus the authors focus their attention on the so-called ethnological expositions (such as Negro or Eskimo Villages) organized on the occasion of world‘s fairs, today known as “human zoo.” On the social level, this helped support the conviction of the supremacy of the white race.  Czy jesteśmy  „ludzkim zoo”?Recenzja: The Invention of Race. Scientific and Popular Representation, N. Bancel, T. David, D. Thomas (ed.), Routlege: New York-Abington, 2014, ss. 320.Recenzowana praca zawiera zbiór artykułów poświęconych przedstawieniu funkcjonowania koncepcji podziału ludzkości na rasy na szerokim tle: naukowym, społecznym i kulturowym. Główny cel stanowi zobrazowanie procesu cyrkulacji idei rasy – od ujęć naukowych począwszy od końca XVIII w. aż do ukazania problemu na płaszczyźnie odbioru masowego. Tu obiektem zainteresowań badawczych stały się tzw. ekspozycje etnologiczne (np. wioski murzyńskie, eskimoskie) organizowane przy okazji wystaw światowych, określane dzisiaj mianem „ludzkich zoo”. Płaszczyzna ta przyczyniła się do utrwalenia w świadomości społecznej poczucia supremacji białej rasy.

Cultural Competence Needed to Distinguish Disorder from Difference: Beyond Kumbaya

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Crowley ◽  
Kristin Guest ◽  
Kenay Sudler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
York City ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
New York State ◽  
Deep Understanding

What does it mean to have true cultural competence as an speech-language pathologist (SLP)? In some areas of practice it may be enough to develop a perspective that values the expectations and identity of our clients and see them as partners in the therapeutic process. But when clinicians are asked to distinguish a language difference from a language disorder, cultural sensitivity is not enough. Rather, in these cases, cultural competence requires knowledge and skills in gathering data about a student's cultural and linguistic background and analyzing the student's language samples from that perspective. This article describes one American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)-accredited graduate program in speech-language pathology and its approach to putting students on the path to becoming culturally competent SLPs, including challenges faced along the way. At Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) the program infuses knowledge of bilingualism and multiculturalism throughout the curriculum and offers bilingual students the opportunity to receive New York State certification as bilingual clinicians. Graduate students must demonstrate a deep understanding of the grammar of Standard American English and other varieties of English particularly those spoken in and around New York City. Two recent graduates of this graduate program contribute their perspectives on continuing to develop cultural competence while working with diverse students in New York City public schools.

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