Blood pressure and plasma renin activity responses to different strategies to inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during exercise

1. Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis allows good control of blood pressure in patients with hypertensive end-stage renal disease. The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has therefore been studied in seven patients during the first 6 months of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment. 2. Steady increases in plasma renin activity and aldosterone were observed with a good correlation between these two variables. Plasma electrolytes, renin substrate and body weight did not change significantly. 3. Angiotensin II perfusion tests, performed at the end of the study, showed a relative vascular resistance to angiotensin II. 4. Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may be partially explained by this last observation or by removal of an unknown vasopressor substance responsible for the inhibition of the plasma renin activity.

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Does the Renin—Angiotensin System Maintain Blood Pressure in Both Hypertensive and Normotensive Subjects? a Comparison of Propranolol, Saralasin and Captopril

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs057145s ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 57 (s5) ◽

pp. 145s-148s ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

G. A. MacGregor ◽

N. D. Markandu ◽

J. E. Roulston

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

Normotensive Subjects

1. Propranolol, saralasin and captopril changed blood pressure in normotensive as well as hypertensive subjects. 2. The percentage change in blood pressure with these three drugs for a given plasma renin activity was similar in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. 3. This suggests that when the renin-angiotensin system is maintaining blood pressure, it maintains the blood pressure to the same extent in percentage terms in normotensive and hypertensive subjects for a given plasma renin activity. 4. Saralasin has marked agonist activity, and probably underestimates the participation of the renin—angiotensin—aldosterone system in the maintenance of blood pressure. The fall in blood pressure that occurred with captopril in normal subjects on their normal sodium intake suggests that the renin—angiotensin—aldosterone system may have an important role in the control of blood pressure in normal subjects on their normal sodium intake. If it does, our results suggest that the renin—angiotensin—aldosterone system plays no greater role in maintaining blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension than normotensive subjects for a given plasma renin activity.

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What Stimulates the Renin—Angiotensin System in Rats with two-Kidney Renal Hypertension?

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0640463 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 463-470

Author(s):

Y. Takata ◽

A. E. Doyle ◽

M. Veroni ◽

S. G. Duffy

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

Contralateral Kidney ◽

The One ◽

Renin Content

1. Blood pressure, the hypotensive effect of captopril, plasma renin activity, renal renin content and kidney weight were measured in the two-kidney—one-clip model, the one-kidney—one-clip model and the two-kidney—one-clip model with the ureter of the contralateral kidney ligated in rats. The ureteric ligation was performed to abolish urinary excretion from the contralateral kidney in the two-kidney—one-clip model. 2. The development of hypertension after renal artery constriction was earlier and greater in the one-kidney—one-clip model and the two-kidney—one-clip model with ureter of the contralateral kidney ligated than in the two-kidney—one-clip model. A single oral dose of captopril produced a greater fall in blood pressure in both the two-kidney models than in the one-kidney—one-clip group. 3. Plasma renin activity and renal renin content of the clipped kidney were higher in the two-kidney model rats, whether or not the ureter had been ligated, than in the one-kidney—one-clip model animals, although more than half the rats from the two-kidney model had normal values. There was a significant correlation between plasma renin activity and the response to captopril in all groups, whereas in none of the three groups was the correlation between plasma renin activity and blood pressure significant. 4. The clipped kidney had a higher renin content than did the contralateral kidney, and the weight of the ischaemic kidney was decreased compared with the contralateral kidney whether it was untouched or had its ureter ligated. The weight of the clipped kidney was in the order one-kidney—one-clip model > two-kidney—one-clip model with ureter of the contralateral kidney ligated > two-kidney—one-clip model. 5. It was concluded that the renin-angiotensin system was stimulated to the similar degree in some animals for the two-kidney—one-clip models, whether or not the ureter of the contralateral kidney had been ligated, compared with the one-kidney—one-clip animals. This finding suggests that the contralateral kidney can stimulate renin secretion and synthesis in the clipped kidney independently of Na+ excretion.

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DOSE-DEPENDENT BIFURCATION ANALYSIS OF PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AFTER NICARDIPINE TREATMENT

International Conference on Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/ictte.2019.02.003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 84-88

Author(s):

Kaloyan Yankov

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Bifurcation Analysis ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

The Stability ◽

The Impact

Renin-angiotensin system is one of the general regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure. The activity of the system depends on the rate of renin secretion, therefore, plasma renin activity (PRA) is one of the main variables that mediates the effect of a number of factors on blood pressure. Consequently, the impact of a particular drug on blood pressure disorders can be evaluated by the PRA changes. In clinical practice, the administered therapeutic dose is of critical nature, and a number of methods are known for its calculation. In the present study, applying bifurcation analysis the range of the administered doses of the nicardipine (antihypertensive drug) are determined. The bifurcation diagrams show how the stability of the renin-angiotensin system depends on the administered dose.

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Role of the Brain Iso-Renin-Angiotensin System in Experimental Hypertension in Rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0610175 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 175-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Hiromichi Suzuki ◽

Kazuoki Kondo ◽

Michiko Handa ◽

Takao Saruta

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Cerebral Ventricles ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

The Brain

1. To examine the possible participation of the brain iso-renin-angiotensin system in the control of blood pressure, as well as in the regulation of plasma renin activity, saralasin and captopril were injected into the cerebral ventricles of three types of experimental hypertensive rats with different plasma renin profiles. 2. Injection of saralasin and captopril into the cerebral ventricles resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure of two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats (11 ± 2 and 9 ± 3 mmHg respectively) and that of spontaneously hypertensive rats (13 ± 2 and 12 ± 2 mmHg respectively), but in deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt hypertensive rats injection of these two agents showed a significant increase in blood pressure (13 ± 2 and 12 ± 3 mmHg respectively). 3. The plasma renin activity was markedly decreased after injection of saralasin and captopril into the cerebral ventricles of two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. Conversely, in DOC-salt hypertensive rats, the plasma renin activity was markedly increased after injection of these two agents. In spontaneously hypertensive rats these agents caused no significant change in plasma renin activity. 4. These findings suggest that the brain iso-renin-angiotensin system participates in the central regulation of blood pressure and may be responsible for modulation of the peripheral renin-angiotensin system.

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DOSE-DEPENDENT BIFURCATION ANALYSIS OF PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AFTER NICARDIPINE TREATMENT

Applied Researches in Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/artte.2019.03.003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 179-183

Author(s):

Kaloyan Yankov

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Bifurcation Analysis ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

The Stability ◽

The Impact

Renin-angiotensin system is one of the general regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure. The activity of the system depends on the rate of renin secretion, therefore, plasma renin activity (PRA) is one of the main variables that mediates the effect of a number of factors on blood pressure. Consequently, the impact of a particular drug on blood pressure disorders can be evaluated by the PRA changes. In clinical practice, the administered therapeutic dose is of critical nature, and a number of methods are known for its calculation. In the present study, applying bifurcation analysis the range of the administered doses of the nicardipine (antihypertensive drug) are determined. The bifurcation diagrams show how the stability of the renin-angiotensin system depends on the administered dose.

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Renin-angiotensin and development of collateral circulation after renal ischemia

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1982.243.6.h869 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 243 (6) ◽

pp. H869-H875 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. A. Fernandez ◽

V. J. Caride ◽

J. Twickler ◽

R. E. Galardy

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Collateral Circulation ◽

Enzyme Inhibitor ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Renal Ischemia ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Flow Measurements ◽

Renin Angiotensin

Aortic ligation between the origins of the renal arteries in the rat produces a left renal ischemia, renin-dependent hypertension, and a transitory hindlimb paralysis of less than 2 h. Removal of the left ischemic kidney at the time of aortic ligation curtails the rise of blood pressure, plasma renin activity is normal, and paralysis is still present 24 h after surgery. Administration of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or saralasin also prevents recuperation from paralysis after aortic ligation. Independent manipulation of the mean arterial pressure or plasma renin activity by pretreatment with reserpine or deoxycorticosterone before surgery shows that the presence or absence of paralysis is dependent on the plasma renin activity and not on the high blood pressure. Blood flow measurements show that paralysis is due to a persistent impairment of blood supply to the hindlimb muscle and not to ischemia of the spinal cord. Infusion of angiotensin II to aortic-ligated, left-renoprival animals tends to restore blood flow to muscle. It is concluded that after renal ischemia the renin-angiotensin system, independent of its hypertensive effect, restores blood flow by stimulating the development of collateral circulation.

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Gender differences renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its relation to humoral factors in patients with arterial hypertension

Systemic Hypertension ◽

10.26442/sg29099 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

G M Dadashova

Keyword(s):

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Normal Body Mass Index ◽

Humoral Factors ◽

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

Female Sex Hormones

Aim. Explore gender characteristics of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), to assess the state of the RAAS relationship with the level of female sex hormones, aldosterone, plasma renin activity in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in postmenopausal women.Materials and methods. The study included 35 patients with hypertension 1-3-th degree, the average age 56.8±6.9 years. The control group included 21 healthy people with a normal body mass index (BMI). Each of these groups was divided into subgroups by gender: group IA included healthy men (n=10), group IB - healthy women (n=11), group IIA - men with hypertension (n=17), group IIB - Women with hypertension (n=18). Evaluation was carried out with a hormonal status determining levels of estradiol, testosterone, aldosterone, plasma renin activity in the serum.Results. Aldosterone concentration in group IIB was 169.8±109.9 pg/ml and was significantly higher (p

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Effects of Acupuncture on Blood Pressure and Plasma Renin Activity in Two-Kidney One Clip Goldblatt Hypertensive Rats

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x94000279 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 22 (03n04) ◽

pp. 215-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ho Sub Lee ◽

Jung Yoo Kim

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Hemodynamic Effect ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

And Control

Shih-Hsüan [Sipseon(EX-UE-11)] are Curious loci lying outside of the meridians on the tips of each finger. These loci have long been the acupuncture sites for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in oriental medicine. Alterations in the renin-angiotensin system have been considered as the pathophysiological basis of the origin and/or maintenance of hypertension. Activation of the plasma or tissue renin-angiotensin system may be one of the cause of hypertension. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of acupuncture on blood pressure and plasma renin activity. Acupuncture was applied on the EX-UE-11 of two-kidney one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. Both the systolic blood pressure and the plasma renin activity decreased significantly after treatment with acupuncture on the EX-UE-11. In the sham-operated and control rats, the procedure influenced the parameters without significant changes. The results suggest that the suppressive hemodynamic effect of acupuncture on the EX-UE-11 may be related to changes in plasma renin activity.

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