scholarly journals Exploring Recent Trends in Youth Justice Reconvictions: A Challenge to the Complexity Thesis

Youth Justice ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-271
Author(s):  
Tim Bateman ◽  
Alexandra Wigzell
Keyword(s):  
Youth Justice ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Complexity Thesis ◽  
Substantial Rise

In recent years, it has become accepted wisdom that children subject to youth justice intervention, in England and Wales, are more complex than previously, as a consequence of a substantial rise in diversion from the system that filters out children with lower levels of need and less entrenched offending. This ‘complexity’ thesis has been used to explain rises in rates of reoffending. This article demonstrates that the patterns shown in the reoffending data are not those that would be predicted by the complexity thesis. Indeed the data suggest that some groups of children may be less entrenched in offending than hitherto.

Reading and writing youth justice in Italy and (England and) Wales

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Field ◽  
David Nelken
Keyword(s):  
Youth Justice ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Reading And Writing

Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in healthcare workers in England and Wales, 1999–2005

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
pp. 1873-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. CROFTS ◽  
M. E. KRUIJSHAAR ◽  
V. DELPECH ◽  
F. NCUBE ◽  
I. ABUBAKAR
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Post Entry

SUMMARYThis study used linked national tuberculosis (TB) and HIV surveillance data to investigate recent trends and factors associated with HIV co-infection (TB-HIV) in healthcare workers (HCWs) with TB in England and Wales. Methods applied were the χ2 trend test and logistic regression. Overall 14% (231/1627) of HCWs with TB were co-infected with HIV, increasing from 8% in 1999 to 14% in 2005 (P<0·001). Most (78%) HCWs were non-UK born and 74% of these developed TB ⩾2 years post-entry. Being born in Sub-Saharan Africa was an independent predictor for TB-HIV, especially for female HCWs (odds ratio 66·5, 95% confidence interval 16·3–271·1), who also had a lower median CD4 count than other co-infected women (106/mm3, interquartile range 40–200, P<0·01). Voluntary HIV testing of new HCWs should be encouraged as an opportunity for early diagnosis. Post-entry, a high index of clinical suspicion for TB in those most at risk remains important.

Recent Trends in Diabetes Mortality in England and Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stephenson ◽  
A.J. Swerdlow ◽  
T. Devis ◽  
J.H. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
England And Wales ◽  
Diabetes Mortality ◽  
Recent Trends

5. Understanding recent trends in crime

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Tim Newburn
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Crime Trends ◽  
World War ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Past ◽  
Victimization Surveys ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Western Democracies

What is happening to crime? Are things getting better or worse, and in what ways? ‘Understanding recent trends in crime’ examines recorded crime trends and data from victimization surveys from America, Canada, England and Wales, and Australia. All four Western democracies display similar patterns: rising crime in the post-war years, hitting a peak somewhere between the late 1980s and late 1990s, then falling steeply for the fifteen‒twenty-five years since. This leaves two big questions: why did crime increase in the early decades after the Second World War; and, why has it been declining in the past fifteen‒twenty-five years? The reasons for the post-war crime explosion are discussed.

scholarly journals PWE-268 Recent trends in primary liver cancer in England and Wales

Gut ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A406.3-A407 ◽  
Author(s):  
N G Ladep ◽  
S A Khan ◽  
A V Thillainayagam ◽  
S D Taylor-Robinson ◽  
M B Toledano
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Recent Trends

Youth Justice Assessment Procedures

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Assessment Procedures

This article analyses assessment procedures for young offenders aged 10 to 17 years who receive a police Final Warning or appear before Youth Courts in England and Wales. Members of Youth Justice Teams (YOTs) use detailed ‘Asset’ forms to collate information about the background, education, life-style and personal characteristics of the young people. The replies are scored to indicate the risk of further offending and the YOTs make their recommendations for intervention. The author points out that punishment has to be proportional to the crime but many young people and their families require long-term help if they are to be diverted from crime.

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