Impact of Alternative Routes and Timing of Dopamine and Mannitol Administrations to Reduce Negative Properties of Extended Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Renal Function in Coronary Artery Operations

Objectives: To analyze impact of alternative routes and timing of dopamine and mannitol administrations to reduce negative properties of extended cardiopulmonary bypass on renal function in coronary artery operations. Methods: Set I (n: 26 individual): Mannitol (1 g/kg) has been introduced to the CPB priming solution. Set II (n: 25 patients): Even during interval among anesthetic induction and operation, 3 g/kg/min of IV dopamine was delivered. Group III (n = 25 patients): 2 g/kg/min IV dopamine was provided among anesthesia initiation and operation conclusion, and 1 g/kg mannitol were added to priming solution for CPB. Furosemide was administered to Group IV (n = 26 cases) when urine production was poor. Results: There would be a substantial rise in the post-operative urine microalbumin/creatinine ratios over all classes (p 0.06), as well as a rise in cystatin-c in Set 1, 2, and 3 (p 0.02). Conclusions: Researchers suggest that combining dopamine infusion (1 g/kg/min) and mannitol (2 g/kg) throughout CPB seems to be the more actual method for preventing detrimental possessions of CPB on renal functioning.

Market exits during the pandemic

The new coronavirus pandemic has triggered an economic crisis different from other crises in the acuteness and non-uniformity of its impact on various sectors of the economy. This paper analyzes how the dynamics of firms entering and exiting the market have changed in this environment and which groups of firms have shown to be the most vulnerable to the negative effect of the crisis. Our analysis shows that the number of newly registered firms dwindled sharply in the period of the toughest restrictions imposed to curtail the infection spread in April — May 2020. The recovery which followed in the subsequent months has failed to compensate for the spring’s slump, which may suggest a “scarring impact” of the crisis. July and October 2020 saw a substantial rise in companies’ exits from the market. The crisis has hurt not only the hardest hit industries but also other areas of economic activity. Liquidations rose most extensively among young firms aged less than three years. Relatively higher productivity firms exited less often than lower productivity companies. This may suggest a “cleansing effect” of the crisis. But with the redundant labor being unable to move to more productive firms, the positive effect of the crisis may be brought to naught. Therefore, for the consequences of the crisis to be remedied, incentives should be provided to new firms’ entries and support for efficient companies, especially for young firms showing growth potential. Stimulation of growth in the number of high-productivity firms should go hand in hand with the creation of conditions for new entities’ fast development, expansion, and efficiency enhancement.

Efforts to improve by provision of infrastructure services and extracuricular implementation learning achievement

The main objective of this research is to define and explain, through the provision of facilities and extracurricular implementation, the enhancement of student learning achievement. The data collection tool is observation, questionnaires and documentation. Quantitative research is the type of research performed in this study. The sampling technique in this study was purposive random sampling, namely all 125 students of MTs N Sekecamtan Sekayu. The approach used is the methodology of descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. Using SPSS version 23 for windows, the data was analyzed descriptively.From the results of the analysis test shows that; The simultaneous influence of the provision of infrastructure and implementation of extracurricular activities on improving learning achievement. There is a substantial rise in the provision of learning achievement facilities. The implementation of extracurricular activities on student achievement is dramatically growing.

Efforts to improve by provision of infrastructure services and extracuricular implementation learning achievement

The main objective of this research is to define and explain, through the provision of facilities and extracurricular implementation, the enhancement of student learning achievement. The data collection tool is observation, questionnaires and documentation. Quantitative research is the type of research performed in this study. The sampling technique in this study was purposive random sampling, namely all 125 students of MTs N Sekecamtan Sekayu. The approach used is the methodology of descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. Using SPSS version 23 for windows, the data was analyzed descriptively.From the results of the analysis test shows that; The simultaneous influence of the provision of infrastructure and implementation of extracurricular activities on improving learning achievement. There is a substantial rise in the provision of learning achievement facilities. The implementation of extracurricular activities on student achievement is dramatically growing

The early diversification of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii): hypotheses, challenges and future prospects

Actinopterygii are the most speciose living vertebrate clade, and study of fossil members during their Palaeozoic rise to dominance has a long history of descriptive work. Although research interest into Palaeozoic actinopterygians has increased in recent years, broader patterns of diversity and diversity dynamics remain critically understudied. Past studies have investigated macroevolutionary trends in Palaeozoic actinopterygians in a piecemeal fashion, variably using existing compendia of vertebrates or literature-based searches, and there is no comprehensive occurrence-based dataset of actinopterygians spanning the whole of the Palaeozoic. Past studies typically show low levels of diversity in the Devonian with a substantial rise in the early Carboniferous in the aftermath of the end-Devonian mass extinction. However there are unresolved patterns reported for the later Carboniferous and Permian. In large part, these conflicts span from a lack of publicly-available occurrence data: actinopterygians are majorly underrepresented in the Paleobiology Database (PBDB), for example, obscuring patterns of diversity through time. This is exacerbated by major taxonomic problems pervading the Palaeozoic actinopterygian record. Innumerable taxa are lumped into wide-ranging families and poorly-formulated genera, with a vast number of described species concentrated in several particularly problematic ‘waste-basket’ genera. This taxonomic confusion feeds into a limited understanding of phylogenetic relationships. There is also a heavy sampling bias towards Europe and North America, with other regions underrepresented despite yielding important occurrences. Scrutiny of the extent to which spatial biases influence the record is lacking, as is research on other forms of bias. Low richness in some time periods may be linked to geological biases, while the effect of taphonomic biases on Palaeozoic actinopterygians have not yet been investigated. Efforts are already underway to both redescribe poorly defined taxa and describe taxa from underrepresented regions, helping address taxonomic issues and accuracy of occurrence data. New methods of sampling standardisation utilising up-to-date occurrence databases will be critical in teasing apart biological changes in diversity from those resulting from bias. Lastly, continued phylogenetic work will enable the use of phylogenetic comparative methods to elucidate the origins of actinopterygian biogeography and subsequent patterns of radiation throughout their rise to dominate aquatic faunas.

SCHOOL DESEGREGATION AND THE PIPELINE OF PRIVILEGE

The struggle to end racial segregation in America’s public schools has been long and arduous. It was ostensibly won in the 1954 Brown v. Tulsa Board of Education Supreme Court ruling. But racist resistance has been intense. Years later, extensive school segregation remains for Black children. The High Court has essentially overturned Brown without explicitly saying so. This paper assesses the effects of educational desegregation that has managed to occur. Discussion concerning the results of desegregation has revolved around test scores and the difficulties involved with “busing,” but the principal positive effect is often overlooked: namely, that the substantial rise of the Black-American middle class in the last half-century has been importantly enhanced by school desegregation. This paper reviews the educational backgrounds of eighteen Black Americans who have risen to the highest status positions in American politics and business in recent decades. They represent the desegregated Black cohort who succeeded because desegregation enabled them to break into the nation’s deeply established pipeline of privilege.

Wealth Transfers and Net Wealth at Death: Evidence from the Italian Inheritance Tax Records 1995–2016

In this paper we describe a novel source of data on the full record of inheritance tax files in Italy, covering up to 63% of total deceased. The work documents a substantial rise in the total value of inheritance and gifts as a share of national income, from 8.4% in 1995 to 15.1% in 2016. Consistent with the increasing role of total personal net wealth in the economy, the weight of inheritance and gifts in Italy appears relatively high by international standards. Over the same period, total wealth left at death has also become increasingly concentrated. The estates valued at least €1 million were worth 18.7% of total estate in the mid 1990s and 24.8% in 2016. This paper also documents that revenues collected from the inheritance tax underwent a threefold decline from 0.15% to 0.05% of total tax revenue between 1995 and 2016. Data also allow a disaggregated analysis by demographic and geographic characteristics. Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTACULAR PROGRESSIVE IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINEERING SCIENCES & COMPUTING (ICSPEC 2021)INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTACULAR PROGRESSIVE IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINEERING SCIENCES & COMPUTING (ICSPEC 2021)

The exceptional growth in the number of credit card transactions, especially for online purchases, has recently led to a substantial rise in fraudulent activities. Credit card security is a major concern for any business establishment. With that in mind, it is hard to identify the credit card fraud. Implementation of efficient fraud detection systems has thus become imperative for all credit card issuing banks to minimize their losses.

Towards gender equity in intensive care medicine: ten practical strategies for improving diversity

Gender balance in intensive care medicine (ICM) is a worthy goal for numerous reasons. However, despite reaching parity in medical school and a substantial rise in the proportion of female ICM trainees over the past decade, women remain under-represented in ICM in Australia and New Zealand. Women comprise 21% of fellows and are underrepresented in academia and positions of leadership.

Philo and Josephus on the Fidelity of Judeans

The first century sees a substantial rise in the frequency with which Greek speaking authors discuss pistis (here, understood as fidelity, trust, confidence, proof). The authors who use pistis the most include Philo, Paul, and Josephus. This suggests that while many people are thinking about fidelity, ethnic Judeans are thinking about it disproportionately. This essay focuses on two such authors, Philo and Josephus. I argue that both Judeans claim fidelity to be a foundational national-ethnic characteristic, from the patriarchs to their own day. Furthermore, the article argues that this image of enduring Judean fidelity can be better understood within the context of living under the colonizing power of Rome – a principate that is equally preoccupied with fidelity (fides).