Beyond Willpower: Strategies for Reducing Failures of Self-Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela L. Duckworth ◽  
Katherine L. Milkman ◽  
David Laibson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Intervention ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do The Right Thing

Almost everyone struggles to act in their individual and collective best interests, particularly when doing so requires forgoing a more immediately enjoyable alternative. Other than exhorting decision makers to “do the right thing,” what can policymakers do to reduce overeating, undersaving, procrastination, and other self-defeating behaviors that feel good now but generate larger delayed costs? In this review, we synthesize contemporary research on approaches to reducing failures of self-control. We distinguish between self-deployed and other-deployed strategies and, in addition, between situational and cognitive intervention targets. Collectively, the evidence from both psychological science and economics recommends psychologically informed policies for reducing failures of self-control.

Parents As Decision-Makers — Do the Attitudes of Norwegian Doctors Conform to Law?

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne K. Bahus ◽  
Reidun Føerde
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
End Of Life Decisions ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Surrogate Decision ◽  
The Right

AbstractThis article studies whether the attitudes of Norwegian doctors regarding surrogate decision power in end-of-life care conform to legal rules, particularly as they apply to the protection of children. The article is based on a hypothetical scenario concerning a critically ill child, believed to be dying, presented to 406 doctors. The study indicates that doctors may permit parental/surrogate decision-making to a greater extent than justified by law, sometimes in contravention of the child’s best interests, which should be a fundamental guideline in all decisions that concern children. This article suggests a need to improve knowledge of doctors concerning parents’/surrogates’ right to participate in life-or-death decisions. We conclude that Norway needs a precedent decision from the Supreme Court that confirms the right of judicial review of end-of-life decisions, and which applies the principle of the child’s best interests as a fundamental guideline in the final decision.

Withdrawing treatment from patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness: the wrong answer is what the wrong question begets

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 561-562
Author(s):  
Daniel Wei Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Wrong Answer ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Life Sustaining Treatment ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Present Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
Contrary Evidence

In a recent paper, Charles Foster argued that the epistemic uncertainties surrounding prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC) make it impossible to prove that the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment can be in a patient’s best interests and, therefore, the presumption in favour of the maintenance of life cannot be rebutted. In the present response, I argue that, from a legal perspective, Foster has reached the wrong conclusion because he is asking the wrong question. According to the reasoning in two leading cases—Bland and James—the principle of respect for autonomy creates a persuasive presumption against treatment without consent. Therefore, it is the continuation of treatment that requires justification, rather than its withdrawal. This presumption also works as the tiebreaker determining that treatment should stop if there is no persuasive evidence that its continuation is in the best interests of the patient. The presumption in favour of the maintenance of life, on the other hand, should be understood as an evidential presumption on a factual issue that is assumed to be true if unchallenged. However, the uncertainties regarding PDOC actually give reasons for displacing this evidential presumption. Consequently, decision-makers will have to weigh up the pros and cons of treatment having the presumption against treatment without consent as the tiebreaker if the evidence is inconclusive. In conclusion, when the right question is asked, Foster’s argument can be turned on its head and uncertainties surrounding PDOC weigh in to justify the interruption of treatment in the absence of compelling contrary evidence.

: Do the Right Thing . Spike Lee.

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Spike Lee ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do The Right Thing

Do the Right Thing

CFA Magazine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
Crystal Detamore
Keyword(s):  
The Right ◽  
Do The Right Thing

Do the Right Thing: The Imprinting of Deonance at the Upper Echelons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis L. Wesley ◽  
Gregory W. Martin ◽  
Darryl B. Rice ◽  
Connor J. Lubojacky
Keyword(s):  
Upper Echelons ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do The Right Thing

scholarly journals Optimizing a Reverse Supply Chain Network for Electronic Waste under Risk and Uncertain Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1946
Author(s):  
Linh Thi Truc Doan ◽  
Yousef Amer ◽  
Sang-Heon Lee ◽  
Phan Nguyen Ky Phuc ◽  
Tham Thi Tran
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Reverse Supply Chain ◽  
Satisfactory Solution ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Objective Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Minimizing the impact of electronic waste (e-waste) on the environment through designing an effective reverse supply chain (RSC) is attracting the attention of both industry and academia. To obtain this goal, this study strives to develop an e-waste RSC model where the input parameters are fuzzy and risk factors are considered. The problem is then solved through crisp transformation and decision-makers are given the right to choose solutions based on their satisfaction. The result shows that the proposed model provides a practical and satisfactory solution to compromise between the level of satisfaction of constraints and the objective value. This solution includes strategic and operational decisions such as the optimal locations of facilities (i.e., disassembly, repairing, recycling facilities) and the flow quantities in the RSC.

The Conundrum of Charitability: Reassessing Tax Exemption For Hospitals

1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-380
Author(s):  
David A. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Health Care Environment ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do The Right Thing

Tax exemption is an ancient, honorable and expensive tradition. Tax exemption for hospitals is all of these three, but it also places in sharp focus a fundamental problem with tax exemption in general. Organizations can retain their tax exemption while changing circumstances or expectations undermine the rationale that led to the exemption in the first place. Hospitals are perhaps the best example of this problem. The dramatic changes in the health care environment have eliminated most of the characteristics of a hospital that originally persuaded the citizenry to grant it an exemption. Hospitals have entered into competition with tax-paying businesses, and have increasingly behaved like competitive actors. Such conduct may well be beneficial, but it does not follow that tax exemption is appropriate. Rather than an undifferentiated subsidy, a shift to focused goals will provide charitable hospitals with the opportunity and incentive to “do the right thing.”

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