The Internet of Things From a Legal Perspective

The internet of things (IoT) is one of successive technological waves that could have great impact on different aspects of modern life. It is being used in transport, smart grids, healthcare, environmental monitoring, logistics, as well as for processing pure personal data through a fitness tracker, wearable medical device, smartwatch, smart clothing, wearable camera, and so forth. From a legal viewpoint, processing personal data has to be done in accordance with rules of data protection law. This law aims to protect data from collection to retention. It usually applies to the processing of personal data that identifies or can identify a specific natural person. Strict adherence to this law is necessary for protecting personal data from being misused and also for promoting the IoT industry. This chapter discusses the applicability of the data protection law to IoT and the consequences of non-compliance with this law. It also provides recommendations on how to effectively comply with the data protection law in the IoT environment.

Implications On Fundamental Labor Reform During The Covid 19 Pandemic

The objective was to analyze, through a bibliographical review, the implications of labor reform on fundamental law during the Covid 19 pandemic. The legal circle did not remain silent, and technical arguments were formed in several articles by renowned Brazilian jurists. Therefore, this article generally tries to bring the legal impact of the tragic and unfortunate scenarios brought about by COVID-19 and their impact on society to contemporary reality from a legal perspective. The type of study is a systematic review, research of the type has the primary objective of exposing the attributes of a given phenomenon or statement among its variables. Thus, it is recommended that it presents characteristics such as: analyzing the atmosphere as a direct source of data and the researcher as a switch instrument; not to broker the use of statistical artifices and methods, having as a greater apprehension the interpretation of phenomena and the imputation of results, the method should be the main focus for the approach and not the result or the fruit, the appreciation of the data should be achieved from intuitively and inductively through the searcher.

Exploitation of Beach Sand Minerals in the Offshore Areas – Legal perspective in the light of MMDR Act, 1957 and OAMDR Act, 2002

Beach Sand Minerals (BSM) form by weathering and erosion of the rocks in the hinterland which are liberated, disintegrate by various processes and, are transportation by the streams to the sites of deposition (coastal plains). These minerals get concentrated along the coastal areas due to constant winnowing by wave action. It is well documented that sea level changes have occurred along the coastal areas at different points of time whose signatures on land can be seen in the form of palaeo-strandline occurring up to 15-20 km from the present day coast. On a similar analogy and in view of bathymetric profile of the sea floor, BSM deposits are expected in the offshore areas as well, in continuity to onshore deposits, which possibly are the submerged onshore deposits of the past. Mineral Concessions in respect of onshore BSM deposits are governed with the Mines and Minerals Development and Regulation (MMDR) Act, 1957 and those in the offshore are governed as per the Offshore Areas Mineral Development and Regulation (OAMDR) Act, 2002 and the rules thereunder respectively. This paper deals with various provisions of these Acts and recent policies of the Government to harmonize mineral concession in offshore areas in line with the onshore BSM deposits.

Development of the German Immigration Policy after 2015

Germany is seen and presented by itself as a welcome country. It is a country of immigration. First, there was the “Gastarbeiter” period when within agreements made by Germany and southern European states several thousand worker arrived in Germany and most of them made the country their permanent home. The country experienced another migration wave when the former Central-European countries became members of the European Union. In 2015, similar to other European States, Germany too experienced a migration-shock which resulted in a political-social turmoil in the German society. Not only politicians, but average people faced the same never-seen-before challenge on different levels, due to the number of migrants arriving in short term onto the territory of the state: one in the everyday life of its community, one in the political and legal perspective. Irrespectively of their reactions or adaptation methods, one common point of these actors was that they had to come to terms with the fact that a huge number of irregular migrants will stay long-term in Germany. However, the wave challenged the “welcome” country attitude both at political and at societal level. The author argues that roles, namely, the country affected by the migration wave, and the country being a leading European Union Member State became contradicted because of the measures introduced after 2015. This is underlined by the normative analysis of the main measures in this article, but because migration policy overlaps other policy areas, for example integration policy, interior policy, these measures touch upon different issues.

A Legal Perspective on Blasphemy within Muslim, Secular and Non-Muslim States

This research presents the legal perspective of blasphemy and it focusses on the blasphemy laws in different countries including five Muslim countries (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Egypt, Pakistan and Malaysia) three Non-Muslim countries (Denmark, England and Norway) and three secular states (Turkey, India and Indonesia). Results of the research demonstrate that blasphemy laws are present in all five selected Muslim countries. In case of Non-Muslim countries, laws have been demolished in England and Norway but present in Denmark where as, in case of secular states, these laws are present in all three countries. However, in India, blasphemy laws are more known by the name of ‘laws for hate speech’. Moreover, interviews from a lawyer and religious representatives explain that punishments for blasphemy should be given according to a certain procedure and states should play an active role in protecting the religious sentiments of their citizens.

Pisco: An endless conflict for its geographical indication or an opportunity for international collaboration?

Pisco is a brandy produced from the distillation of wine, which is indissolubly linked to the history and national identity of Chile and Peru. The rivalry over the pisco’s geographical indication (GI) has a long history, mainly grounded on political claims rather than practical reasons. The article examines the historical background of the animosity, the arguments of each party to support their position and the impacts of the current international GI protection of the product (both from a financial and legal perspective). We conclude that a cross-border protection, allowing a joint binational exploitation of the spirit’s GI, is the best commercial strategy to increase the recognition and value of pisco in the international markets, which in turn, would benefit local economies and producers and notably encourage the cultural integration of both nations.

Professional Responsibility of Doctors in a Legal Perspective on Fulfilling Patients’ Health Rights during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic began to enter Indonesia in early 2020, in this case the responsibilities and obligations of doctors are one of the concerns during the pandemic. The responsibility of medicine from a legal perspective is very diverse and implemented in various countries. In Indonesia, to realize the responsibilities, obligations and rights of the medical profession, it can be done through the fulfillment of a code of ethics that needs to be developed in various conditions. This study used a qualitative juridical research model with a review of legal texts and other supporting literature. It is hoped that this research can provide an overview of how the medical profession responds to the phenomenon of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and the future prospects for professional development and a medical code of ethics.