Voice-Activated Dialing or Eating a Cheeseburger: Which is More Distracting during Simulated Driving?

We measured simulated driving performance for 26 participants who drove a fixed distance while continuously eating a cheeseburger, operating an automobile CD player, reading directions, or using a voice-activated dialing system to place calls on a mobile phone. Performance was also measured while participants drove without doing other tasks. Participants made the most lane-keeping errors, minimum speed violations, and glances away from the road while reading and while operating the CD player. They made significantly fewer driving errors and glances while voice-dialing the mobile phone or eating, although in both of these conditions they made more driving errors and glances than they did when driving without doing any other activity. We conclude that for simulated driving, placing calls using a voice-activated dialing system is as distracting as eating a cheeseburger, but both of these activities are less distracting than continuously operating a CD player or reading directions.

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Effects of Manual versus Voice-Activated Dialing during Simulated Driving

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.2002.94.2.363 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 363-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

James W. Jenness ◽

Raymond J. Lattanzio ◽

Maura O'Toole ◽

Nancy Taylor ◽

Christina Pax

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Driving Performance ◽

Simulated Driving ◽

The Road ◽

Driving Speed ◽

Lane Keeping

We measured driving performance (lane-keeping errors, driving times, and glances away from the road scene) in a video driving simulator for 24 volunteers who each drove alone on a 10.6-km multicurved course while simultaneously placing calls on a mobile phone subscribed to a voice-activated dialing system. Driving performance also was measured for the same distance while participants manually dialed phone numbers and while they drove without dialing. There were 22% fewer lane-keeping errors ( p<.01) and 56% fewer glances away from [he road scene ( p<.01) when they used voice-activated dialing as compared to manual dialing. Significantly longer driving times in both of the dialing conditions as compared to the No Dialing condition are discussed in terms of the hypothesis that drivers decrease driving speed to compensate for the demands of the secondary phone tasks.

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Effects of Mobile Phone Dependence on Driver Distraction

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931213601266 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 1135-1139 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven J. Kass ◽

Alex Jarstad ◽

Lisa VanWormer

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Driving Performance ◽

Driver Distraction ◽

Phone Call ◽

Control Group ◽

Simulated Driving ◽

The Road ◽

Mere Presence ◽

Experimental Group

This study investigated the distracting effect that the mere presence of a mobile phone could have on simulated driving performance when drivers can hear a phone notification, but are unable to respond to it. A sample of 45 participants, categorized as either low or high mobile phone dependent, were randomly assigned to either a group that received a phone notification while driving in a simulator or to a control group. Both groups drove two scenarios, with the experimental group receiving, but not attending to, a phone call during the second scenario. Drivers who received the phone call veered off the road more often than drivers in the control group regardless of mobile phone dependency. Highly dependent drivers drove faster, were involved in more collisions, and drove over the centerline more frequently than less phone dependent drivers.

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A comparative study of on-the-road and simulated driving performance after nocturnal treatment with lormetazepam 1 mg and oxazepam 50 mg

Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental ◽

10.1002/hup.470070502 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 297-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

E. R. Volkerts ◽

M. W. van Laar ◽

A. P. P. van Willigenburg ◽

T. A. Plomp ◽

R. A. A. Maes

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Driving Performance ◽

Simulated Driving ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road

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The effects of impaired vision on simulated driving performance

10.26226/morressier.5785edc8d462b80296c9974a ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Aurora van de Loo

Keyword(s):

Driving Performance ◽

Impaired Vision ◽

Simulated Driving

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Effects of Individual Differences, Attention, and Memory Deficits on Driver Distraction

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181320641285 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 1196-1201

Author(s):

Alejandro A. Arca ◽

Kaitlin M. Stanford ◽

Mustapha Mouloua

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Memory Deficits ◽

Driving Performance ◽

Driver Distraction ◽

Phone Call ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Attention And Memory ◽

Adhd Diagnosis ◽

Simulated Driving

The current study was designed to empirically examine the effects of individual differences in attention and memory deficits on driver distraction. Forty-eight participants consisting of 37 non-ADHD and 11 ADHD drivers were tested in a medium fidelity GE-ISIM driving simulator. All participants took part in a series of simulated driving scenarios involving both high and low traffic conditions in conjunction with completing a 20-Questions task either by text- message or phone-call. Measures of UFOV, simulated driving, heart rate variability, and subjective (NASA TLX) workload performance were recorded for each of the experimental tasks. It was hypothesized that ADHD diagnosis, type of cellular distraction, and traffic density would affect driving performance as measured by driving performance, workload assessment, and physiological measures. Preliminary results indicated that ADHD diagnosis, type of cellular distraction, and traffic density affected the performance of the secondary task. These results provide further evidence for the deleterious effects of cellphone use on driver distraction, especially for drivers who are diagnosed with attention-deficit and memory capacity deficits. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and directions for future research are also presented.

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The effects of using a portable music player on simulated driving performance and task-sharing strategies

Applied Ergonomics ◽

10.1016/j.apergo.2011.11.007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 738-746 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Kristie L. Young ◽

Eve Mitsopoulos-Rubens ◽

Christina M. Rudin-Brown ◽

Michael G. Lenné

Keyword(s):

Driving Performance ◽

Task Sharing ◽

Simulated Driving ◽

Music Player ◽

And Task

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Research on the Use of Mobile Devices and Headphones on Pedestrian Crossings—Pilot Case Study from Slovakia

Safety ◽

10.3390/safety7010017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Miroslava Mikusova ◽

Joanna Wachnicka ◽

Joanna Zukowska

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Mobile Devices ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Pedestrian Behavior ◽

The Road ◽

Phone Calls ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Interaction Factor ◽

Future Work

The topic of the use of mobile devices and headphones on pedestrian crossings is much less explored in comparison to the use of the mobile phone while driving. Recent years have seen many discussions on this issue, especially in foreign countries. The Slovak Republic, however, has not been giving it enough attention (and it is not mentioned in the National Road Safety Plan for the Slovak Republic from 2011 to 2020). This paper aims to draw attention to this issue. It presents basic outputs of a pilot study on pedestrian safety, with a focus on the use of mobile devices and headphones at selected non-signalized pedestrian crossings in three Slovak cities. Overall, 9% of pedestrians used headphones or mobile devices at observed pedestrian crossings (4% of them used headphones, 1% used headphones and at same time used their mobile phone, 2% made phone calls and 2% used their mobile phones). While these numbers can be considered relatively low, the study proved that during weekdays every 2 min someone was using the crossing without fully focusing on crossing the road safely. Another main finding was that although the safety risk at pedestrian crossings is increased by factors such as rush hour traffic or reduced visibility, pedestrian behavior related to the use of mobile phones and headphones does not change. A safety assessment was also carried out at the crossings. The results show that pedestrian behavior is not affected by the level of safety of the crossing (e.g., visibility of the crossing for drivers). The results of the presented analysis suggest that action is needed to change that. Due to the lack of information about accidents involving pedestrians using mobile phones and headsets when crossing the road, no relevant statistical data could be analyzed. The dataset collected can be used as a basis for further investigation or comparisons with other countries of the relevant indicators. In future work, we would like to include a pedestrian–driver interaction factor focusing on driver speed behavior in relation to pedestrians (who are on or are about to step onto a pedestrian crossing) and identify critical situations caused by improper behavior of drivers and/or pedestrians. This will help to understand speed adjustment problems related to pedestrian crossings.

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