Effects of Individual Differences, Attention, and Memory Deficits on Driver Distraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1196-1201
Author(s):  
Alejandro A. Arca ◽  
Kaitlin M. Stanford ◽  
Mustapha Mouloua
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Simulated Driving

The current study was designed to empirically examine the effects of individual differences in attention and memory deficits on driver distraction. Forty-eight participants consisting of 37 non-ADHD and 11 ADHD drivers were tested in a medium fidelity GE-ISIM driving simulator. All participants took part in a series of simulated driving scenarios involving both high and low traffic conditions in conjunction with completing a 20-Questions task either by text- message or phone-call. Measures of UFOV, simulated driving, heart rate variability, and subjective (NASA TLX) workload performance were recorded for each of the experimental tasks. It was hypothesized that ADHD diagnosis, type of cellular distraction, and traffic density would affect driving performance as measured by driving performance, workload assessment, and physiological measures. Preliminary results indicated that ADHD diagnosis, type of cellular distraction, and traffic density affected the performance of the secondary task. These results provide further evidence for the deleterious effects of cellphone use on driver distraction, especially for drivers who are diagnosed with attention-deficit and memory capacity deficits. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and directions for future research are also presented.

Effects of Mobile Phone Dependence on Driver Distraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1135-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Kass ◽  
Alex Jarstad ◽  
Lisa VanWormer
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simulated Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Experimental Group

This study investigated the distracting effect that the mere presence of a mobile phone could have on simulated driving performance when drivers can hear a phone notification, but are unable to respond to it. A sample of 45 participants, categorized as either low or high mobile phone dependent, were randomly assigned to either a group that received a phone notification while driving in a simulator or to a control group. Both groups drove two scenarios, with the experimental group receiving, but not attending to, a phone call during the second scenario. Drivers who received the phone call veered off the road more often than drivers in the control group regardless of mobile phone dependency. Highly dependent drivers drove faster, were involved in more collisions, and drove over the centerline more frequently than less phone dependent drivers.

scholarly journals Impact of Age-Related Vision Changes on Driving

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7416
Author(s):  
Sonia Ortiz-Peregrina ◽  
Carolina Ortiz ◽  
Miriam Casares-López ◽  
José J. Castro-Torres ◽  
Luis Jiménez del Barco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Simulated Driving ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intraocular Straylight

Aging leads to impaired visual function, which can affect driving—a very visually demanding task—and has a direct impact on an individual’s quality of life if their license is withdrawn. This study examined the associations between age-related vision changes and simulated driving performance. To this end, we attempted to determine the most significant visual parameters in terms of evaluating elderly drivers’ eyesight. Twenty-one younger drivers (aged 25–40) were compared to 21 older drivers (aged 56–71). Study participants were assessed for visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, halos, and intraocular straylight, which causes veiling luminance on the retina and degrades vision. Driving performance was evaluated using a driving simulator. The relationships between simulated driving performance and the visual parameters tested were examined with correlation analyses and linear regression models. Older drivers presented impairment in most visual parameters (p < 0.05), with straylight being the most significantly affected (we also measured the associated effect size). Older drivers performed significantly worse (p < 0.05) in the simulator test, with a markedly lower performance in lane stability. The results of the multiple linear regression model evidenced that intraocular straylight is the best visual parameter for predicting simulated driving performance (R2 = 0.513). Older drivers have shown significantly poorer results in several aspects of visual function, as well as difficulties in driving simulator performance. Our results suggest that the non-standardized straylight evaluation could be significant in driver assessments, especially at the onset of age-related vision changes.

Driving Error and Anxiety Related to iPod mp3 Player Use in a Simulated Driving Experience

2009 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley R. Harvey ◽  
Randy L. Carden
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Cellular Phone ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Simulated Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Stationary Objects ◽  
Mp3 Player

Driver distraction due to cellular phone usage has repeatedly been shown to increase the risk of vehicular accidents; however, the literature regarding the use of other personal electronic devices while driving is relatively sparse. It was hypothesized that the usage of an mp3 player would result in an increase in not only driving error while operating a driving simulator, but driver anxiety scores as well. It was also hypothesized that anxiety scores would be positively related to driving errors when using an mp3 player. 32 participants drove through a set course in a driving simulator twice, once with and once without an iPod mp3 player, with the order counterbalanced. Number of driving errors per course, such as leaving the road, impacts with stationary objects, loss of vehicular control, etc., and anxiety were significantly higher when an iPod was in use. Anxiety scores were unrelated to number of driving errors.

Situation Awareness: A Validation Study and Investigation of Individual Differences

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo J. Gugerty ◽  
William C. Tirre
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Computer Based

The first experiment found that varying the rate of road hazards in a personal-computer-based driving simulator had no effect on subjects' situation awareness, as measured in the simulator. Thus, setting a high rate of hazards does not distort subjects' situation awareness. In the second experiment, the situation awareness test was found to predict driving performance in a realistic simulator. Individual differences in situation awareness were correlated with working memory and psychomotor abilities.

scholarly journals Deterioration of binocular vision after alcohol intake influences driving performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Martino ◽  
José Juan Castro-Torres ◽  
Miriam Casares-López ◽  
Sonia Ortiz-Peregrina ◽  
Carolina Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Simulated Driving ◽  
Visual Deterioration ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Intake

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the influence of moderate alcohol intake on binocular vision, vergence system and simulated driving performance by analyzing the interactions between visual deterioration and driving variables. Thirty young healthy subjects were recruited. For the analysis, we measured: visual function (visual acuity and stereoacuity), phorias and fusional reserves. Also, we checked Sheard’s and Percival’s criteria at near and far. The accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio was calculated and vergence facility was also obtained at near. A driving simulator was used to assess driving performance under natural conditions and after alcohol consumption with a breath alcohol content of 0.40 mg/l. Alcohol intake significantly reduced binocular visual performance and vergence function, except for vertical phorias, horizontal phoria at near and Sheard’s and Percival’s criteria at near. Driving performance parameters also presented a statistically significant deterioration after alcohol consumption. A statistically significant correlation was found between the deterioration in overall visual function and overall driving performance, highlighting the influence of the visual deterioration on the driving performance. Moderate alcohol consumption impairs binocular visual and simulated driving performances, implying a greater safety hazard. In addition, deteriorations in binocular visual function and vergence correlated with simulated driving impairment, which indicates that the deterioration of binocular vision due to alcohol consumption affects driving, thus reducing road safety.

Subjective sleepiness, simulated driving performance and blink duration: examining individual differences

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL INGRE ◽  
TORBJORN AKERSTEDT ◽  
BJORN PETERS ◽  
ANNA ANUND ◽  
GORAN KECKLUND
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Simulated Driving ◽  
Subjective Sleepiness

Proposal for Driver Distraction Indexes Using Biological Signals

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Ohkura ◽  
Kazuma Uchiumi ◽  
Yukou Saito ◽  
Koyo Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Biological Signals ◽  
Driver Inattention ◽  
Driving Task

According to the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, driver inattention is a major contributor to highway accidents. Driver distraction is one form of inattention and a leading factor in most vehicle crashes and near crashes. Distraction occurs when a driver is delayed in the recognition of information needed to safely accomplish the driving task because some event, activity, object, or person within or outside the vehicle compels or induces the driver attention away from the driving task. Although some indexes of driving performance have measured distraction, they are the results of the distraction and not the distraction itself. We directly and quantitatively employ biological signals to measure the distraction by finding useful biological indexes from candidates of various biological signals. Our experimental results using a driving simulator showed useful indexes derived from EEG and ECG.

scholarly journals P018 The effects of zopiclone on sleep spindles in obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized placebo-controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A27-A27
Author(s):  
S Carter ◽  
J Siong ◽  
C Hoyos ◽  
J Carberry ◽  
R Grunstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Simulated Driving ◽  
Spindle Activity ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to determine the effects of a standard dose of zopiclone (7.5mg) on sleep spindle activity and to assess if potential changes in sleep spindles correlate with improvements in next-day measures of sleepiness and simulated driving performance in people with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Methods Thirty-one people with OSA completed polysomnography (PSG) at baseline followed by 1-month nightly treatment with 7.5mg zopiclone or placebo according to a double-blind, parallel design (ANZCTRN12613001106729). Participants completed two further PSGs on the first (night1) and final (night30) night of treatment. A 30-min AusEd driving simulator task and a subjective sleepiness questionnaire (Karolinska sleepiness scale, KSS) on each visit were also performed in the morning. Sleep spindle events and spindle frequency activity (SFA, sigma EEG power) were quantified during N2 sleep from all-night EEG recordings. Results Sleep spindle events were consistently higher in both frontal and central EEG sites on night1 and night30 treatment nights in the zopiclone group compared to placebo (e.g. F4 night30 = 346[SEM±28] vs. 239[SEM±27] total # of sleep spindles respectively, p=0.009). Additionally, greater sleep spindle density in the zopiclone group correlated with better next-day simulated driving performance on night1 and night30. No correlations were observed between sleep spindle activity and the KSS. Conclusions Zopiclone is associated with greater sleep spindle activity in OSA compared to placebo, and sleep spindle increases are associated with better driving simulator performance. Thus, hypnotic-induced increases in sleep spindles may help alleviate certain cognitive performance decrements in people with OSA.

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