Human Factors Support of Nasa's Safety Directorate on the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) Kennedy Space Center, FL

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (13) ◽  
pp. 945-949
Author(s):  
H. Greig Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Kennedy Space Center ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Kennedy Space

A Human Factors Engineering (HFE) pilot project was undertaken by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida in 1991. It is to demonstrate the use of Human Factors in supporting the role of NASA Safety in achieving their objective of reducing the causes of accidents by helping to eliminate error producing situations. The initial phase of this endeavor consisted of a review of the design drawings for the SSPF, identifying all human factors concerns with special emphases on those which affected personnel safety, operational efficiency and hazards which might produce damage to expensive payloads. Where drawings did not completely disclose the characteristics of the intended operations, other facilities at the Kennedy Space Center were visited to obtain “Lessons Learned” insights that could be applied to the drawing critique. As Human Factors concerns and/or Safety issues were identified, they were discussed with the appropriate engineering personnel to effect a workable solution. During the lecture presentation, examples of identified HF & Safety deficiencies will be presented by the use of drawings, photographs in viewgraph form and a video of an accident to the Magellan Spacecraft. Discussion of the findings of the Magellan Spacecraft Mishap Review Board will elaborate on their conclusion that the lack of Human Factors Engineering was a major Contributor to this incident. A video segment showing an advanced and innovative Human Factors (HF) modeling technique will graphically demonstrate the potential application of conducting Human Engineering (HE) evaluations in conjunction with Engineering Prototyping in a Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment.

Human Factors Engineering Simulation Methodology

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1306-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Simulation Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Techniques ◽  
Intended Use

This report describes a methodology of simulation research which is designed to accomplish requirements of a human factors engineering simulation, plan. This approach, accompanied by detailed test plans and schedules will fulfill the data item DI-H-7052 (Human Engineering Dynamic Simulation Plan) for intended use of dynamic simulation techniques in support of human engineering analysis, design support and test and evaluation. This methodology will cover the need for dynamic simulation, evaluation techniques, procedures and guidelines, and the behavioral, subjective and physiological methods recommended for use in human engineering evaluations.

scholarly journals Lessons Learned from Journey Mapping in Health Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Kyle Maddox ◽  
Donna Baggetta ◽  
Jennifer Herout ◽  
Kurt Ruark
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
User Research ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Engineering Team

The Department of Veterans Affairs’ Human Factors Engineering team recognizes the value of journey maps as a means for communication among stakeholder groups and develops maps to showcase the experience of users with health services and technology systems. The uniqueness of health care environments caused difficulties in following available trade guidance for creating journey maps. Anticipating that other Human Factors Engineers working in health care settings will encounter similar challenges, this paper showcases our lessons learned while creating two distinct journey maps and offers a process for constructing journey maps in health care environments. We learned to selectively limit the content of journey maps, ensure design quality by utilizing a template and rubric, and apply alternate approaches for data gathering. Our improved process includes steps to partner with stakeholders, produce a journey map framework and confirm it with user research, and visualize findings in the completed journey map.

Improving the Interface between Human Factors Data and Designers: Exemplified in a CASHE Reaction Time Prototyper

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (15) ◽  
pp. 1092-1094
Author(s):  
L. A. Whitaker ◽  
W. F. Moroney
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Functional Specification ◽  
Decision Points

This paper describes the process involved in the development of a reaction time test bench for the Computer Aided Systems Human Engineering (CASHE) program, which is based on a strategy for converting human factors information into simulation software, using a test bench metaphor. The metaphor takes its strength from the familiarity systems designers have with test benches and breadboarding facilities currently at their disposal. The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of this software development activity, illustrate the procedure we followed, specify the decision points we encountered, and relate our lessons learned. Our goal was to convey functional specification information to the software developers in a parsimonious, unambiguous, structured manner to facilitate the development of both the software and the user interface, while complying with hardware system constraints. Development of the Reaction Time (RT) Test Benches involved the following tasks: collect and digest the Engineering Data Compendium entries; analyze the variables; determine the scope of the relevant variables to be tested; select the test bench phenomena to be demonstrated; and develop each of the deliverables. These deliverables included the variable range tables, initial variable settings, the control flow and storyboard graphics. We believe that this task is typical of the input human factors specialists can provide to designers in a variety of contexts and hence generalizes beyond this specific application.

Topics in Inclusive Design for the Graduate Human Factors Engineering Curriculum

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
Clive D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Inclusive Design ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Engineering Curriculum ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
Disability Prevalence ◽  
And Performance

The confluence of demographic trends in aging and disability prevalence, increased expectations among workers and consumers with and without impairments, and greater reliance on complex yet pervasive technologies (e.g., automation, internet of things) has resulted in an increased emphasis on designing for human-system performance and accommodation across the full spectrum of human abilities. Inclusive design or universal design (UD) is one of the few user-centered design paradigms that advocate consideration for the full spectrum of human abilities, including individuals with and without disabilities. A graduate-level course was developed and implemented to introduce ergonomics and human factors students to the UD paradigm and to UD goals and principles using select academic and non-academic readings, and assignments related to multivariate statistics, field observations, and design of experiments. The course placed an emphasis on the fundamentals and research base in ergonomics in relation to UD research and practice, viz., topics related to variability in human functioning and performance associated with anthropometry, biomechanics, perception and cognition. Alongside the motivations for the course, this paper provides an overview of the course objectives, topics covered, and some early lessons learned.

Anthropometry as a Variable in Human Factors Engineering

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Robert M. White
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Body Dimensions

In the efficient human engineering of man/equipment systems, information on the range of variability in human body size and proportions is of basic importance. Such information is to be found in anthropometric data. The anthropometric data to be utilized, however, should be that on the population for which the equipment is intended. Anthropometric data on four representative body dimensions are presented and discussed to illustrate the range of variability to be found in diverse populations.

“Words, Words, Words”

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphonse Chapanis
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Engineering Changes ◽  
Machine Systems

The aim of this paper is to call to attention a very large and important area of human factors engineering that is almost entirely neglected. This area consists of the language and the words that are attached to the tools, machines, systems, and operations with which human factors engineers are concerned. Examples, illustrations, and data are cited to show that changes in the words used in man-machine systems may produce greater improvements in performance than human engineering changes in the machine itself. Arguments are made that this province—the language and words of machines—is properly the concern of the human factors engineer, and not of the grammarian, linguist, or the communication theorist. The paper concludes with an outline of some of the kinds of work that needs to be done to fill these important gaps in our knowledge and technology.

Early Consideration of Human Factors in Military System Design

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1286-1286
Author(s):  
Eleanor L. Criswell
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
System Design ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
System Acquisition ◽  
And Training

The goal of this symposium is to present the status and future directions of programs aimed at consideration of human factors early in military system design. Military initiatives of this nature are not new, but in the past they have not become integral parts of the military system acquisition process. Recent programs in each service, however, reflect more serious and in-depth attempts to use human factors data to influence and evaluate system design than has been the case in the past. The Army now requires MANPRINT analyses, Navy HARDMAN analyses are mandated, and the Air Force is now pilot testing its own program called MPTIS. This symposium consists of introductory remarks by Dr. Joseph Peters of Science Applications International Corporation, and papers from LTC William 0. Blackwood, HQ Department of the Army, CDR George S. Council, Jr., Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, and COL AI Grieshaber, HQ, U. S. Air Force. Dr. Peters' paper, “Human Factors Issues in Military System Design,” defines “human factors” as a combination of human factors engineering, biomedical engineering, manpower/personnel, and training elements. The paper presents three measures of success of human factors programs early in system acquisition: long-lasting policy, committed management, and availability of scientific technology for program Implementation and evaluation. LTC Blackwood's paper discusses the importance the Army places on its MANPRINT program. MANPRINT program history, status, and possible program evolution are addressed. CDR Council's paper addresses the potential for the addition of human factors to the Navy HARDMAN program which addresses manpower, personnel, and training. CDR Council suggests that human factors advocates present a human factors program which is clearly defined and limited in scope to render it easily appreciated by Navy management, and that advocates can benefit from lessons learned during the institutionalization of HARDMAN. COL Grieshaber's paper “MPT in the Air Force” describes a pilot MPT (manpower, personnel, training) program at Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright Patterson AFB. This program will analyze aircraft system designs for their MPT requirements, suggest design changes where requirements exceed Air Force availabilities, and assess design changes for their MPT impact.

Bringing Human Performance Data to the Design Table

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (16) ◽  
pp. 1087-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Cona ◽  
Donald L. Monk
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Aided Design

Product design is often viewed as being a heterarchical and iterative process, possessing both systematic and chaotic qualities. However, a common denominator across all design activities is the access and utilization of information. In today's computer-aided design market, most of the available tools are narrowly focused on specific computational details for individual stages of design. Aids are needed to support information access and utilization during all stages of the design process. The application of human engineering and ergonomics data by designers is an increasingly challenging problem. Locating and understanding relevant information so that it can be applied to specific design issues is difficult given the abundance of existing and new data available. This is further complicated, in that the data are typically written to communicate research results to other human factors specialists. A new software product, Computer Aided Systems Human Engineering: Performance Visualization Subsystem (CASHE:PVS), is described which will assist the designer during the decision making process, maximizing creative and analytical abilities while minimizing costs due to design time and errors. The software contains several features to enhance the designer's ability to interpret and apply the human factors data available in the product. Phenomena descriptions in text, figures, and tables are combined with experiential information via simulations, animations, and audio. This provides the user a unique and rich understanding of human performance phenomena and how they relate to the design of new products.

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