scholarly journals Fog server deployment technique: An approach based on computing resource usage

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 155014771882399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hoon Lee ◽  
Sang-Hwa Chung ◽  
Won-Suk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bin Packing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Device

Cloud computing is a type of Internet-based computing that allows users to access computing resources that are connected to the Internet anytime and anywhere. Recently, as the Internet-of-Things market using the cloud has grown, a tremendous amount of data has been generated, and services requiring low latency are increasing. To solve these problems, a new architecture called fog computing has been proposed. Fog computing can process data on a network device close to the user, drastically reducing the bandwidth required from the network and providing near real-time response. However, not much research has been done on which network devices should be used to deploy the fog server. In this article, we propose a fog server deployment technique to minimize the data movement path in a fog computing environment and a technique to make full use of the computing resources of a fog device through a vector bin packing algorithm in a situation where many services are concentrated on one network device. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the data movement distance and maximize the utilization of the computing resources of the fog device.

scholarly journals An Optimal Task Assignment Strategy in Cloud-Fog Computing Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1909
Author(s):  
Jung-Fa Tsai ◽  
Chun-Hua Huang ◽  
Ming-Hua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Task Assignment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Assignment Strategy ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Task Assignment Problem

With the advent of the Internet of Things era, more and more emerging applications need to provide real-time interactive services. Although cloud computing has many advantages, the massive expansion of the Internet of Things devices and the explosive growth of data may induce network congestion and add network latency. Cloud-fog computing processes some data locally on edge devices to reduce the network delay. This paper investigates the optimal task assignment strategy by considering the execution time and operating costs in a cloud-fog computing environment. Linear transformation techniques are used to solve the nonlinear mathematical programming model of the task assignment problem in cloud-fog computing systems. The proposed method can determine the globally optimal solution for the task assignment problem based on the requirements of the tasks, the processing speed of nodes, and the resource usage cost of nodes in cloud-fog computing systems.

Fault-Tolerant Strategies in the Tree-Based Fog Computing Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-91
Author(s):  
Ryuji Oma ◽  
Shigenari Nakamura ◽  
Tomoya Enokido ◽  
Makoto Takizawa
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Process Data ◽  
General Process ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Parent Node

In the Fog Comput$ing (FC) model of the Internet of Things (IoT), application processes to handle sensor data are distributed to fog nodes and servers. In the Tree-based FC (TBFC) model proposed by the authors, fog nodes are hierarchically structured. In this article, the authors propose a TBFC for a General Process (TBFCG) model to recover from the faults of fog nodes. If a node gets faulty, the child nodes are disconnected. The authors propose Minimum Energy in the TBFCG tree (MET) and selecting Multiple Parents for recovery in the TBFCG tree (MPT) algorithms to select a new parent node for the disconnected nodes. A new parent node has to process data from not only the disconnected nodes, but also its own child nodes. In the evaluation, the energy consumption and execution time of a new parent node can be reduced by the proposed algorithms.

scholarly journals Guest Editorial Special Issue on Fog Computing in the Internet of Things

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong N. Chang ◽  
Xiuzhen Cheng ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Wonjun Lee ◽  
Yingshu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Guest Editorial ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Editorial Special Issue ◽  
The Internet Of Things

scholarly journals A Containerized Approach for Allocating Distributed Stream Queries to Fog Nodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Hasibi ◽  
Saeed Sedighian Kashi
Keyword(s):  
Fog Computing ◽  
Stream Processing ◽  
Stream Data ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Stream Query Processing ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Stream Processing Engines ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Distributed Stream Processing

Fog computing brings cloud capabilities closer to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. IoT devices generate a tremendous amount of stream data towards the cloud via hierarchical fog nodes. To process data streams, many Stream Processing Engines (SPEs) have been developed. Without the fog layer, the stream query processing executes on the cloud, which forwards much traffic toward the cloud. When a hierarchical fog layer is available, a complex query can be divided into simple queries to run on fog nodes by using distributed stream processing. In this paper, we propose an approach to assign stream queries to fog nodes using container technology. We name this approach Stream Queries Placement in Fog (SQPF). Our goal is to minimize end-to-end delay to achieve a better quality of service. At first, in the emulation step, we make docker container instances from SPEs and evaluate their processing delay and throughput under different resource configurations and queries with varying input rates. Then in the placement step, we assign queries among fog nodes by using a genetic algorithm. The practical approach used in SQPF achieves a near-the-best assignment based on the lowest application deadline in real scenarios, and evaluation results are evidence of this goal.

scholarly journals Design a blockchain-based middleware layer in the Internet of Things Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Generation Computing ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In next-generation computing, the role of cloud, internet and smart devices will be capacious. Nowadays we all are familiar with the word smart. This word is used a number of times in our daily life. The Internet of Things (IoT) will produce remarkable different kinds of information from different resources. It can store big data in the cloud. The fog computing acts as an interface between cloud and IoT. The extension of fog in this framework works on physical things under IoT. The IoT devices are called fog nodes, they can have accessed anywhere within the range of the network. The blockchain is a novel approach to record the transactions in a sequence securely. Developing a new blockchains based middleware framework in the architecture of the Internet of Things is one of the critical issues of wireless networking where resolving such an issue would result in constant growth in the use and popularity of IoT. The proposed research creates a framework for providing the middleware framework in the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our main contribution links a new study that integrates blockchains to the Internet of things and provides communication security to the internet of smart devices.

scholarly journals IoT-Fog A Communication Framework using Blockchain in the Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Communication Framework ◽  
Generation Computing ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<p>The fog computing is the emerging technology to compute, store, control and connecting smart devices with each other using cloud computing. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an architecture of uniquely identified interrelated physical things, these physical things are able to communicate with each other and can transmit and receive information. <a>This research presents a framework of the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Fog computing. The blockchain is also the emerging technology that provides a hyper, distributed, public, authentic ledger to record the transactions. Blockchains technology is a secured technology that can be a boon for the next generation computing. The combination of fog, blockchains, and IoT creates a new opportunity in this area. In this research, the author presents a middleware framework based on the blockchain, fog, and IoT. The framework is implemented and tested. The results are found positive. </a></p>

The Role of Edge/Fog Computing Security in IoT and Industry 4.0 Infrastructures

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
Meltem Mutluturk ◽  
Burcu Kor ◽  
Bilgin Metin
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Current State ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) has led to many innovative technologies. The integration of technologies such as the internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and machine learning concepts have given rise to Industry 4.0. Fog and edge computing have stepped in to fill the areas where cloud computing is inadequate to ensure these systems work quickly and efficiently. The number of connected devices has brought about cybersecurity issues. This study reviewed the current literature regarding edge/fog-based cybersecurity in IoT to display the current state.

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