scholarly journals EXPRESS: The role of perceptual and cognitive load on inattentional blindness: a systematic review and three meta-analyses

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110649
Author(s):  
Jérémy Matias ◽  
Clément Belletier ◽  
Marie Izaute ◽  
Matthieu Lutz ◽  
Laetitia Silvert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Inattentional Blindness ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Subjective Awareness ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Unexpected Stimulus

The inattentional blindness phenomenon refers to situations where a visible but unexpected stimulus remains consciously unnoticed by observers. This phenomenon is classically explained as the consequence of insufficient attention, because attentional resources are already engaged elsewhere or vary between individuals. However, this attentional-resources view is broad and often imprecise regarding the variety of attentional models, the different pools of resources that can be involved in attentional tasks and the heterogeneity of the experimental paradigms. Our aim was to investigate whether a classic theoretical model of attention, namely the Load Theory, could account for a large range of empirical findings in this field by distinguishing the role of perceptual and cognitive resources in attentional selection and attentional capture by irrelevant stimuli. Since this model has been mostly built on implicit measures of distractor interference, it is unclear whether its predictions also hold when explicit and subjective awareness of an unexpected stimulus is concerned. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of inattentional blindness studies investigating the role of perceptual and/or cognitive resources. The results reveal that, in line with the perceptual account of the Load Theory, inattentional blindness significantly increases with the perceptual load of the task. However, the cognitive account of this theory is not clearly supported by the empirical findings analyzed here. Furthermore, the interaction between perceptual and cognitive load on inattentional blindness remains understudied. Theoretical implications for the Load Theory are discussed, notably regarding the difference between attentional capture and subjective awareness paradigms, and further research directions are provided.

Visual Attention to Color: Parvocellular Guidance of Attentional Resources?

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Dynamic Noise ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Chromatic Cues ◽  
Detection And Localization

Although transient changes in luminance have been well documented to automatically attract attention to their location, experiments looking at abrupt changes in color have failed to find similar attentional capture. These results are consistent with current theories of the role of the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) streams that postulate that the M stream, which is “color-blind,” plays the dominant role in guiding attention and eye movements. The experiment reported here used stimuli that contained only information defined by color, and masked residual luminance information with dynamic noise, to assess the capacity of purely chromatic cues to automatically guide spatial attention. Such stimuli were as effective as those containing large luminance signals in guiding attention. To the extent that these purely chromatic signals isolated the P stream, these results suggest that this stream is also capable of automatic attentional capture. Hence, color vision not only aids target identification but also is a strong aid for target detection and localization.

Qualitative online research in tourism – a systematic review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Pahlevan-Sharif ◽  
Paolo Mura ◽  
Sarah N.R. Wijesinghe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Online Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Online Methods ◽  
Conference Papers ◽  
Virtual Interactions

Purpose This paper aims to present a systematic review of tourism articles using qualitative online methods. By focussing on tourism journals, this work explores the paradigmatic beliefs, methodological approaches and methods underpinning tourism qualitative online research. Design/methodology/approach This review was conducted systematically by following the reporting checklist of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Findings Overall, this systematic review indicates that the ontological and epistemological beliefs guiding online research are not clearly expressed by tourism scholars. It also shows that the possibility of using the internet for more interactive and participatory forms of research has not been fully explored by tourism scholars. Research limitations/implications This paper expands tourism scholars’ awareness of the range of qualitative approaches/methods available by suggesting additional research instruments that could replace or complement the traditional ones. However, by selecting only indexed journal papers, other sources of publications, such as papers published in non-Scopus and non-Web-of-Science journals, books, book chapters and conference papers, were not included in the current review. Originality/value This work emphasizes the important role of cyberspace in facilitating virtual interactions between researchers and participants in the co-construction of qualitative empirical material.

scholarly journals Possible role of diet in cancer: systematic review and multiple meta-analyses of dietary patterns, lifestyle factors, and cancer risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Grosso ◽  
Francesca Bella ◽  
Justyna Godos ◽  
Salvatore Sciacca ◽  
Daniele Del Rio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Meta Analyses

scholarly journals Human mobility and COVID-19 transmission: a systematic review and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxi Zhang ◽  
Siqin Wang ◽  
Tao Hu ◽  
Xiaokang Fu ◽  
Xiaoyue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Mobility Control ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWithout a widely distributed vaccine, controlling human mobility has been identified and promoted as the primary strategy to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. Many studies have reported the relationship between human mobility and COVID-19 transmission by utilizing the spatial-temporal information of mobility data from various sources. To better understand the role of human mobility in the pandemic, we conducted a systematic review of articles that measure the relationship between human mobility and COVID-19 in terms of their data sources, statistical models, and key findings. Following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we selected 47 articles from Web of Science Core Collection up to September 2020. Restricting human mobility reduced the transmission of COVID-19 spatially, although the effectiveness and stringency of policy implementation vary temporally and spatially across different stages of the pandemic. We call for prompt and sustainable measures to control the pandemic. We also recommend researchers 1) to enhance multi-disciplinary collaboration; 2) to adjust the implementation and stringency of mobility-control policies in corresponding to the rapid change of the pandemic; 3) to improve statistical models used in analyzing, simulating, and predicting the transmission of the disease; and 4) to enrich the source of mobility data to ensure data accuracy and suability.

scholarly journals The Role of Decaffeinated Coffee in Reducing the Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Nurheni Sri Palupi ◽  
Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Caffeine Content ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Meta Analyses

Hypertension or increased blood pressure is a degenerative disease with a high prevalence, as well as the biggest cause of premature death in the world. Meanwhile, coffee is a popular and most consumed beverage around the world. Coffee can harm some people with certain health problems including hypertension due to its caffeine content. Decaffeinated coffee is known to be an alternative for people with hypertension with reduced caffeine content up to 97%. However, studies on the role of decaffeinated coffee in reducing the risk of hypertension are still varied indicating that a systematic review is needed. Hence, this study summarizes the evidence related to the role of decaffeinated coffee in reducing the risk of hypertension by using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The inclusion criteria for scientific journals were determined based on Participants, Intervention, Control, and Outcome (PICO). The search using boolean operation resulted in 13 research articles for data extraction. The result revealed that decaffeinated coffee could decrease or did not give any effect on blood pressure or another biological hypertension marker compared to regular coffee.

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