scholarly journals Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview and promising therapeutic strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 175883591881628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuozhou Wang ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Ming-Yue Li ◽  
Bao-guang Hu ◽  
Li-ping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Therapeutic Opportunity ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Hcc Cells

The poor clinical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is ascribed to the resistance of HCC cells to traditional treatments and tumor recurrence after curative therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as a small subset of cancer cells which have high capacity for self-renewal, differentiation and tumorigenesis. Recent advances in the field of liver CSCs (LCSCs) have enabled the identification of CSC surface markers and the isolation of CSC subpopulations from HCC cells. Given their central role in cancer initiation, metastasis, recurrence and therapeutic resistance, LCSCs constitute a therapeutic opportunity to achieve cure and prevent relapse of HCC. Thus, it is necessary to develop therapeutic strategies to selectively and efficiently target LCSCs. Small molecular inhibitors targeting the core stemness signaling pathways have been actively pursued and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. Other alternative therapeutic strategies include targeting LCSC surface markers, interrupting the CSC microenvironment, and altering the epigenetic state. In this review, we summarize the properties of CSCs in HCC and discuss novel therapeutic strategies that can be used to target LCSCs.

scholarly journals Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastassja Terraneo ◽  
Francis Jacob ◽  
Anna Dubrovska ◽  
Jürgen Grünberg
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Cancer Stem Cells in Multiple Myeloma and the Development of Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Oncogenomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Dammacco ◽  
Patrizia Leone ◽  
Franco Silvestris ◽  
Vito Racanelli ◽  
Angelo Vacca
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

scholarly journals Targeting liver cancer stem cells for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175628481882156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Ying Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Liver Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Oncolytic Adenoviruses ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and prognosis remains poor. It has been increasingly recognized that liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are responsible for the carcinogenesis, recurrence, metastasis and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Targeting LCSCs is promising to be a new direction for the treatment of HCC. Herein, we summarize the potentially therapeutic targets in LCSCs at the level of genes, molecules and cells, such as knockout of oncogenes or oncoproteins, restoring the silent tumor suppressor genes, inhibition of the transcription factors and regulation of noncoding RNAs (including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs) in LCSCs at the genetic level; inhibition of markers and blockade of the key signaling pathways of LCSCs at the molecular level; and inhibiting autophagy and application of oncolytic adenoviruses in LCSCs at the cellular level. Moreover, we analyze the potential targets in LCSCs to eliminate chemoresistance of HCC. Thereinto, the suppression of autophagy and Nanog by chloroquine and shRNA respectively may be the most promising targeting approaches. These targets may provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCC by targeting LCSCs.

scholarly journals Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: A Strategy for Effective Eradication of Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Shibata ◽  
Mohammad Obaidul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Targeting Therapy ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Promote Cell Survival ◽  
Xenograft Models ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of tumor cells with the ability to self-renew, differentiate, and initiate and maintain tumor growth, and they are considered to be the main drivers of intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. While conventional chemotherapy can eradicate the majority of non-CSC tumor cells, CSCs are often drug-resistant, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. The heterogeneity of CSCs is the main challenge in developing CSC-targeting therapy; therefore, we and other investigators have focused on developing novel therapeutic strategies that combine conventional chemotherapy with inhibitors of CSC-regulating pathways. Encouraging preclinical findings have suggested that CSC pathway blockade can indeed enhance cellular sensitivity to non-targeted conventional therapy, and this work has led to several ongoing clinical trials of CSC pathway inhibitors. Our studies in bladder cancer and lung adenocarcinoma have demonstrated a crucial role of YAP1, a transcriptional regulator of genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, in regulating CSC phenotypes. Moreover, using cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models, we showed that inhibition of YAP1 enhances the efficacy of conventional therapies by attenuating CSC stemness features. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for targeting CSCs in several cancers and discuss the potential and challenges of the approach.

scholarly journals Mitochondria’s Role in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells in Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Iranmanesh ◽  
Biao Jiang ◽  
Okoye C. Favour ◽  
Zhangqi Dou ◽  
Jiawei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the deadliest primary brain malignancies, is characterized by a high recurrence rate due to its limited response to existing therapeutic strategies such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Several mechanisms and pathways have been identified to be responsible for GBM therapeutic resistance. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are known culprits of GBM resistance to therapy. GSCs are characterized by their unique self-renewal, differentiating capacity, and proliferative potential. They form a heterogeneous population of cancer stem cells within the tumor and are further divided into different subpopulations. Their distinct molecular, genetic, dynamic, and metabolic features distinguish them from neural stem cells (NSCs) and differentiated GBM cells. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting GSCs could effectively reduce the tumor-initiating potential, hence, a thorough understanding of mechanisms involved in maintaining GSCs’ stemness cannot be overemphasized. The mitochondrion, a regulator of cellular physiological processes such as autophagy, cellular respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and cell cycle control, has been implicated in various malignancies (for instance, breast, lung, and prostate cancer). Besides, the role of mitochondria in GBM has been extensively studied. For example, when stressors, such as irradiation and hypoxia are present, GSCs utilize specific cytoprotective mechanisms like the activation of mitochondrial stress pathways to survive the harsh environment. Proliferating GBM cells exhibit increased cytoplasmic glycolysis in comparison to terminally differentiated GBM cells and quiescent GSCs that rely more on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Furthermore, the Warburg effect, which is characterized by increased tumor cell glycolysis and decreased mitochondrial metabolism in the presence of oxygen, has been observed in GBM. Herein, we highlight the importance of mitochondria in the maintenance of GSCs.

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