scholarly journals Challenges to measuring Chinese students’ perceptions of freedom of expression: An application of Rasch analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
Lixia Qin ◽  
Mario Torres
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Rasch Analysis ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Children’S Perceptions ◽  
Rights Of The Child

Rapid social development and recent changes in views concerning childhood have urged a more holistic approach to measuring children’s well-being, particularly in the domain of rights. In light of articulated provisions within the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, there is obvious interest in understanding more about how children’s perceptions of their rights have evolved. Using both traditional measurement (exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis) and Rasch analysis, this study focused on measures gauging Chinese high school students’ perceptions of freedom of expression. The survey was designed to capture students’ perceptions over various forms of freedom of expression (e.g. student publications, dress code), and their experiences with regard to how these rights were respected in their schools. The aim of the study was to examine and evaluate validity and reliability of the survey used with a sample of 838 Chinese students from two high schools, one urban, and one rural. Overall, the survey exhibits certain degrees of validity and reliability and is appropriate for measuring children’s perceptions on freedom of expression. The study pointed to a number of areas where the survey could be improved. Implications for future research were discussed.

scholarly journals The Group Nurturance Inventory — initial psychometric evaluation using Rasch and factor analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Johansson ◽  
Anthony Biglan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rasch Analysis ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Group Development ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Measurement Properties

Abstract Background This paper describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a behavioral assessment instrument primarily intended for use with workgroups in any type of organization. The instrument was developed based on the Nurturing Environments framework which describes four domains important for health, well-being, and productivity; minimizing toxic social interactions, teaching and reinforcing prosocial behaviors, limiting opportunities for problem behaviors, and promoting psychological flexibility. The instrument is freely available to use and adapt under a CC-BY license and intended as a tool that is easy for any group to use and interpret to identify key behaviors to improve their psychosocial work environment. Methods Questionnaire data of perceived frequency of behaviors relevant to nurturance were collected from nine different organizations in Sweden. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch analysis, and correlations to investigate relationships with relevant workplace measures. Results The results indicate that the 23-item instrument is usefully divided in two factors, which can be described as risk and protective factors. Toxic social behaviors make up the risk factor, while the protective factor includes prosocial behavior, behaviors that limit problems, and psychological flexibility. Rasch analysis showed that the response categories work as intended for all items, item fit is satisfactory, and there was no significant differential item functioning across age or gender. Targeting indicates that measurement precision is skewed towards lower levels of both factors, while item thresholds are distributed over the range of participant abilities, particularly for the protective factor. A Rasch score table is available for ordinal to interval data transformation. Conclusions This initial analysis shows promising results, while more data is needed to investigate group-level measurement properties and validation against concrete longitudinal outcomes. We provide recommendations for how to work in practice with a group based on their assessment data, and how to optimize the measurement precision further. By using a two-dimensional assessment with ratings of both frequency and perceived importance of behaviors the instrument can help facilitate a participatory group development process. The Group Nurturance Inventory is freely available to use and adapt for both commercial and non-commercial use and could help promote transparent assessment practices in organizational and group development.

scholarly journals Family Relational Boundaries Questionnaire (FRBQ): Developing and Standardization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Ahmadreza Kiani Chalmardi ◽  
◽  
Masoud Asadi ◽  
Asghar Shiralipur ◽  
Elham Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Relationship Boundaries

Objective: The present study attempted to develop and validate the Family Relationships Questionnaire (FRQ) Based on Minuchin’s Structural Family Therapy (SFT). Methods: The study sample was comprised of 200 high school students; they were selected by cluster sampling method from Mazandaran, Sari City, Iran. The research instrument included a researcher-developed questionnaire, based on Minuchin’s SFT. Results: The exploratory factor analysis data have led to extracting 3 factors; normal boundary, enmeshment boundary, and disengaged boundary. Additionally, the obtained results suggested that the 3 elicited factors explained 62.28 variances of family relationships boundaries. Confirmatory factor analysis results revealed that elicited factors can also measure family relationships boundaries. Reliability analysis, distinctive, and convergent validity of the components of family relationship boundaries indicated that questions in assessing the components of family relationships boundaries are clear and defined. Reliability testing with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient reported a score of above 0.60 and the structural reliability was measured to be above 0.70. In other words, all 3 components can define the FRQ constructs as well. For validation, we first calculated the scores of family relationships boundaries and categorized those in a frequency table. The results scores of T and Z values revealed that the scores above the mean value indicated that more participants were aware of their family relationship boundaries. Conclusion: The present research results suggested that this questionnaire has proper validity and reliability; thus, it is proper for assessing family relationship boundaries. Therefore, the collected results can help to assess family relationship boundaries and to develop proper strategies for treatment and future researches.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version Emotional Self-efficacy Scale for Young Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Zahra Mohammadi ◽  
◽  
Zohreh Meshkati ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Persian Version

Background: The present research aimed at determining the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Emotional Self-Efficiency Scale (ESES) for adolescents of Isfahan city. This study was conducted using a developmental research method. The statistical population consisted of all the first-grade high school students of Isfahan city in 2018 (n=59396). Methods: A total number of 280 students (160 girls and 120 boys, mean±SD age of 12.98±1.14) were selected using a stratified random sampling method, and completed ESES for adolescents (2015), as well as Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (2001). Results: An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed the four-factor structure of ESES. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) also confirmed the fit of the four-factor structure of the scale. The results of the within-group correlation coefficient were obtained to investigate the acceptable test-retest reliability. The results of the correlation between the above-mentioned scale and SEQ-C instrument was also significant (P<0.05). Moreover, ESES and its dimensions had proper reliability over time. The reliability obtained by Cronbach’s alpha for all four dimensions of the questionnaire, given the number of items, was higher than 0.5 for each dimension and higher than 0.7 for the whole scale, which was acceptable. Conclusion: These findings indicate the acceptable validity and reliability of ESES for Isfahan’s adolescents, and its validity and reliability should be investigated in broader research on Iranian children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Adult Children’s Perceptions of Mothers’ Caregiver Preferences

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jill Suitor ◽  
Megan Gilligan ◽  
Marissa Rurka ◽  
Siyun Peng ◽  
Jordan Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Children’S Perceptions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Design And Methods

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMost older mothers have strong preferences regarding which offspring will serve as their future caregivers, and violation of these preferences has been found to have consequences for mothers’ psychological well-being. However, no study has examined the accuracy of adult children’s perceptions of their mothers’ caregiver preferences. In this article, we compare mothers’ stated preferences for particular caregivers with their adult children’s perceptions of their mothers’ preferences.Research Design and MethodsData were collected from 675 adult children and their mothers nested within 285 families as part of the Within-Family Differences Study.ResultsOnly 44.6% of adult children accurately reported their mothers’ preferences for particular offspring as caregivers. Consistent with our hypotheses, accuracy was higher when mothers and children shared values regarding filial piety, and lower when children were parents, had poor health, and lived further away. Surprisingly, primary caregivers were substantially less likely to accurately report mothers’ caregiver preferences than were noncaregivers. This counterintuitive pattern can be explained by the finding that most mothers were cared for by children whom they did not prefer and may have therefore been reluctant to share their preferences with those caregivers.Discussion and ImplicationsGiven the negative psychological consequences for mothers whose caregiver preferences are violated, the high level of inaccuracy found among adult children has important implications when mothers face serious health events. These findings underscore the need for intervention efforts to encourage practitioners and clinicians to collect information directly from mothers regarding preferences for particular offspring as caregivers.

scholarly journals Analisis faktor konfirmatori sebagai prosedur evaluasi konstruk skala kematangan karir

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu 'Widyatmoko ◽  
Yulia Ayriza ◽  
Riszal Purwandika
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Career Maturity ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
T Values

Artikel ini bermaksud mengevaluasi validitas dan reliabilitas skala kematangan karir. Skala kematangan karir dirancang untuk mengumpulkan data penelitian tentang tingkat kematangan karir pada siswa SMA. Skala tersebut terdiri dari 12 item pernyataan yang disesuaikan dengan konstruk kematangan karir, yakni: kepercayaan diri dalam karir (KDK), ketidakpastian pilihan karir (KPK), dan pengetahuan terhadap karir (PTK). Hasil analisis faktor konfirmatori mengindikasikan tiga konstruk model cocok (<em>p-vales</em>= 0.50; RMSEA= 0.00; NFI= 0.99; CFI=1.00; GFI=0.99; AGFI=0.98). Selanjutnya, 7 dari 12 item pernyataan skala kematangan karir terbukti valid (<em>stadardized loading</em> berkisar antara 0.52 hingga 0.72; <em>t-values </em>berkisar antara 8.08 hingga 12.25) dan dua dari tiga konstruk skala kematangan karir reliabel (KPK=0.68; PTK=0.70). Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa skala kematangan karir masih dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen pengumpul data dan alat asesmen.<br /><br /><em>The purpose of this article is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the career maturity scale. The career maturity scale is designed to collect research data on the level of career maturity in high school students. It is consists of 12 statement items tailored to the constructs of career maturity: career confidence, uncertainty of career choice, and career knowledge. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the three constructs of model was well fit (p-vales= 0.50; RMSEA= 0.00; NFI= 0.99; CFI=1.00; GFI=0.99; AGFI=0.98). Further, seven out of 12 statement items on career maturity scale proved valid (standardized loading ranged from 0.52 to 0.72; t-values ranged from 8.08 to 12.25) and two of the three constructs of career maturity scale are reliable (KPK=0.68; PTK=0.70). This shows that the scale of career maturity can still be used as an instrument for data collection and assessment tools.</em>

scholarly journals An Initial Study In the Development of Smartphone Addiction Scale for Student (SAS-S)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Maulani Habibi ◽  
Sigit Sanyata
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Good Scale

The purpose of this study was to develop a new scale, Smartphone addiction scale for Student (SAS-S) was developed to measure the level of smartphone addiction in high school students. A total of 32 item scales were developed through literature studies. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used to examine the structure of factors formed in this scale. The results show the Smartphone addiction scale for Student (SAS-S) has 22 good items from 6 factor structures that are formed, including: (1) Self Control Disorder, (2) loss of time, (3) sleep disturbances, (4) can not be without smartphones, (5) changes in feelings and, (6) concerned smartphone. SAS-S is a good scale that can be used by any high school student. Another point also shows that the scale of smartphone addiction for high school students has a strong level of validity and reliability.

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