Functional Constipation Frequency in Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Aim: In our study, we aimed to determine the frequency of functional constipation in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders by child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health.Materials and Methods: Between September 2017 and September 2018, children with autism spectrum disorder who applied to BakırköySadiKonuk Education and Research Hospital Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic were evaluated by means of childhood autism rating scale (CARS). A total of 108 patients were evaluated with the Roman IV criteria and the frequency of functional constipation was investigated.Results: A total of 108 cases, 87% (n = 94) male and 13% (n = 14) female, were studied. The ages of the patients were between 2 and 15 years and the mean age was 6.89 ± 2.76. Organic constipation was not detected in patients with constipation and all of them were diagnosed as functional constipation. There was no statistically significant difference between the rates of functional constipation in cases according to gender. The incidence of functional constipation in males was significantly higher in patients with severe autism than in those with mild to moderate autism. “Two or fewer defecations in the toilet per week” criteria was found significantly higher in girls than in boys. No significant difference was found for the other five criteria according to gender. Each of the six criteria of the Rome IV criteria were found to be significantly higher in patients with severe autism than those with mild to moderate autism according to CARS scores. One of the Roman IV criteria, “History of large diameter stools that may obstruct the toilet” was found significantly higher in patients aged nine years and older. No significant correlation was found between the other criteria and age groups.Conclusion: All of the six criteria of the Roman IV criteria were significantly higher in cases with severe autism according to CARS, compared to those with mild to moderate autism.

Design of decision support system in determining the single student tuition fee in higher education

This study aims to design an application in determining the single student tuition fee using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method in Higher Education. Universitas Negeri Padang has used a system to carry out the process of grouping in Single Tuition Fee (STF), but there are still many deficiencies in determining variables. The stages in this research begin with problem analysis, needs analysis, implementation, and testing. This system architecture is based on Model-View-Controller using the Yii2 framework with the PHP programming language. This system uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process method which has a calculation of the consistency value in determining the priority level of the criteria. Determination of criteria based on a number of criteria and a number of alternatives. The results of this study provide a ranking system for each alternative. The highest-ranking is the main priority in the system in making decisions by looking at the student's economic condition.

Qualitative analysis of the supervision process and identification of constraints that occur in supervision

The quality of education is largely determined by good school management by supervisors for a better quality of learning, not least in Vocational High Schools. This type of research is qualitative with a case study research design. The main target of this research is supervisors of vocational schools in Padang city. This research is limited to describing qualitatively the supervision process and identifying the constraints that occur in supervision. The data source of this research is from key informants, purposively. Data collection techniques with interview and observation techniques. Data analysis by coding, linking and, interpreting themes. The results of the research are the low professionalism of school supervisors and the low appreciation of the school supervisor profession. The conclusion is that the constraints were basically the result of improper recruitment patterns and were exacerbated by weak control mechanisms.

The Strategies of Guidance and Counseling Teachers to Increasing Students’ Moral Awareness in Senior High School

Moral awareness is a condition where the individual understands and comprehends the actions taken, both in the past, present, and future and realizes how the impact of behavior carried out both for oneself, others, and the surrounding. The purpose of this study is to find out how is the strategies of guidance and counseling teacher to increasing the moral awareness of students so far. This research is a qualitative type of phenomenology research. The data were collected through observation and interviews. The participants of the interviews were guidance and counseling teachers who teach in high schools which were chosen randomly. The data which were obtained from interviews were analyzed using the Miles & Huberman qualitative research model. The results showed the guidance and counseling teachers’ strategies in increasing moral awareness mostly through group guidance, group counseling, individual counseling, and responsive services with lecturing method, discussion, short film, and modeling. Keywords: High School Students, Guidance and Counseling Teachers, Moral Awareness, Descriptive Qualitative

Non-Permanent English Teachers’ Resilience in Constructing Professional Identity in the Remote Areas of South Sulawesi

Being a non-permanent English teacher in a remote area is not easy. The non-permanent teachers have to face many challenges. Without having resilience, the teachers can not survive to teach in the area. This study investigated the factors that influenced the resilience of the non-permanent English teachers in building a professional identity in the remote areas of South Sulawesi. The mixed-method explanatory sequential experimental design was used by involving non-permanent English teachers at five schools in the remote area of Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi Province. The RSA Scale questionnaire and interview were used to find out what factors influenced teachers’ resilience. The results showed that the challenges faced by non-permanent English teachers made them resilient teachers. Personal resources and contextual resources seemed to play a major role in their growth of resilience. The high resilience of teachers shapes their professional identity, which makes them stay afloat and think that teaching is their calling. This study suggests implications for the education of policymakers and the government in Indonesia, and also for future researchers who are interested in a similar topic may conduct further studies with a broader context

Identification of Students' Needs for Multimedia Development in Craft and Entrepreneurial Topic: Information Technology-Assisted Learning

This study aimed to identify the need for multimedia development for craft and entrepreneurship learning. Quantitative descriptive is the research approach used. Data collection techniques using a needs analysis questionnaire and analyzed quantitatively using statistics to find out the means and percentage of responses from the sample. The subjects of this study consisted of 55 students of Class XI IPA of SMA N 1 Susukan, Cirebon. The results of the study report that the need for multimedia development for learning craft and entrepreneurship topic received positive responses from students and was supported by students who have the ability to operate computers, besides that schools had been supported by facilities such as computer laboratories. Given all this time, the module still dominates as a learning medium. This research can be used as a basis for decision making for the stages of developing multimedia learning products.

Pedagogical challenge and resilience of English teachers at Islamic schools in Ajatappareng area, South Sulawesi

This study aims to find out whether there is significant difference of pedagogical challenge and resilience between English elementary, junior, and senior high school teachers or not; and to find out the correlation between teachers’ pedagogical challenge and teachers’ resilience. This study is quantitative research. Two kinds of questionnaires were administered to find out data about pedagogical challenge and resilience. Sample of this study was 84 English teachers consists 11 elementary schools teachers, 52 junior high schools teachers, and 21 senior high schools teachers. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistic, t-test significance and Pearson correlation. The findings show that: (1) there is no significant difference of pedagogical challenges between elementary, junior, and senior Islamic school teachers, (2) there is no significant difference of resilience between elementary, junior, and senior Islamic school teachers, and (3) there is no correlation between teachers’ pedagogical challenges and teachers’ resilience.

The impact of social media access and anxiety among indonesia society during covid-19 outbreak

A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak began in Wuhan, China, has been named corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019. The first cases of COVID-19 was reported in Indonesia on 2 March 2020. All caused global panic, fears, anxiety around the coronavirus have been especially amplified by social media. During coroan virus outbreak, disinformation and false reports have bombarded social media and stoked unfounded anxiety among Indonesian society. This research, therefore, aims to analyze the impact social media and anxiety level during COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. This research Cross-Sectional research was online conducted during March 22 -25, 2020. The procedure of this research is Indonesian citizens old were invited to participant online survey thought Survey Monkey platform. There are 1543 participant form aged 17 to 60 Year and form several province and region in Indonesia. The instrumen useing the DASS was to modify patients’ anxiety. Data analyzed using JASP (Jeffrey's Amazing Statistics Program). The research showed that respondents anxiety in the very haviness category with the highest anxiety when the duration of social media access more than 6 hours in a day. The anxiety base of aspect in watching/reading have a higher, then Imagine and listening when access social media about corona virus among Indonesia society. Social media use is complex reading or watching lots of news about coronavirus has led to anxiety.

Does spirituality correlate with students’ empathy during covid-19 pandemic? the case study of Indonesian students

Covid-19 pandemic has affected all parts of human life. It affects health, as well as socio and economic aspects. In this situation, high empathy should follow the implementation of physical distancing to reduce the spread of the virus. However, anti-social behavior has mostly materialized. This study aims to explore the spiritual effect on students' empathy during the Covid-19 pandemic. It observes if spirituality predicts empathy and the other way around. 1004 university students from 65 universities in East Java, Indonesia, were recruited to give responses from a set of questionnaires. Smart-PLS application was used to analyze the statistical data. Findings uncovered that this measurement model is valid and reliable for spirituality (Spiritual Assessment Scale=SAS) and empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index=IRI) construct. Through a structural model, our study also found that spirituality and empathy have a significant reciprocal relationship (with a path coefficient of 0.564). Spirituality predicts empathy and the other way around. Our findings suggest that universities' counseling units apply spiritual strategies in counseling activities to accelerate students' empathy during the Covid-19 pandemic and to anticipate the future crisis.

Counseling and counseling services status in Ethiopia

The underlying point of reference in the study was obtaining relevant information from modern and professional counselors in the country in view of the societal understanding and interest of using the counseling services in their lifetime. The counseling organizations involved in the study were chosen representing practices of modern counseling structure in the study that has based on certain relevance they could have for the intended lessons. Qualitative study method was conducted employing framework data analysis technique. The tools used to gather information were interview, observation and focus group discussions with key informants of the institutions. The study result identified that even though counseling and counseling service quality is at promising status, much is expected from concerned government and non-government organizations in boosting the purpose and functions of counseling in maintaining adolescents’ holistic development in and out of school. Consequently, counseling as a tradition among Ethiopian community, specifically the Oromo, become practical to maintain peaceful mental and social serenity of the community with further consideration to progress.