Double gallbladder—intraoperative finding at laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Literature review

Duplication of the gallbladder is a rare entity. It is often appreciated at surgery and has a higher propensity for complications and conversion to open surgery. We report a case of laparoscopic recognition and removal of a duplicated gallbladder opening into the bile duct through separate cystic ducts, in a young male presenting with biliary colics. Both cystic ducts were clipped and divided, and cholecystectomy completed laparoscopically. Although uncommon, awareness of this anomaly may contribute to minimising iatrogenic bile duct injuries.

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Bile Duct Injuries in Connection With 2500 Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy ◽

10.1155/dte.4.55 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

P. Schmidt ◽

P. Ezer ◽

A. Antal

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Bile Duct ◽

Complication Rate ◽

Open Surgery ◽

Biliodigestive Anastomosis ◽

T Tube ◽

The Past ◽

Bile Duct Injuries ◽

Type Of Injury ◽

Methods Of Treatment

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is taking the place of an effective and tested procedure in surgery, therefore it must not be inferior to the standard modality in any aspect. Some complications specific to the technique, however, are severe and complication rate seem to be higher than in standard open surgery.Methods: In this paper the authors report their guiding principles in applying LC and methods of treatment, and describe the bile duct injuries of 2500 LCs accomplished during the past 4.5 years.Results: Seventeen ductal injuries occurred in the whole series, which means an overall incidence rate of 0.68%. Data obtained in the last period, however, show a decrease down to 0.14%. Following ductal injuries six ductal strictures became clinically apparent. The various complications of these injuries caused the death of two patients.Conclusions: The great number of intraoperatively undetected injuries, many of them arising not due to technical difficulties, suggest the possibility of an injury caused by electric current. Depending on the type of injury direct suture, T-tube drainage or biliodigestive anastomosis can equally be effective. Long established practice and experience can help reduce the occurrence of complications to the level in standard open surgery.

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Portobiliary fistula following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England ◽

10.1308/rcsann.2016.0174 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 98 (7) ◽

pp. e123-e125 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B Merrick ◽

D Yue ◽

MH Sodergren ◽

LR Jiao

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Bile Duct ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Open Surgery ◽

Rare Complication ◽

Laparoscopic Approach ◽

Endoscopic Retrograde ◽

Dual Pathology ◽

Bile Duct Injuries ◽

Liver Abscesses

The laparoscopic approach has replaced open surgery as the gold standard for cholecystectomy. This technique is, however, associated with a greater incidence of bile duct injuries (BDIs). We report a case of portobiliary fistula (PBF), a rare complication of BDI, occurring post laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). PBF has been reported after procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and pathologies such as liver abscesses, but only once previously in the setting of LC. We discuss the management of this patient with apparent dual pathology, and summarise other aetiologies that may give rise to this condition.

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Iatrogenic Bile Duct Injuries Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Myth or Reality? A Recent Literature Review from 2006 to 2011

Cholestasis ◽

10.5772/34215 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Conzo ◽

Salvatore Napolitano ◽

Giancarlo Candela ◽

Antonietta Palazzo ◽

Francesco Stanzione ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Bile Duct ◽

Literature Review ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Bile Duct Injuries

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Iatrogenic Bile Duct Injuries: An Overview and A Review of Literature

International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1730123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 07 (01) ◽

pp. 037-043

Author(s):

Vinoth M. ◽

Abhijit Joshi

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Bile Duct ◽

Bile Duct Injury ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Surgical Repair ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Bile Duct Injuries ◽

Iatrogenic Bile Duct Injury

Abstract Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures worldwide. Iatrogenic bile duct injury (IBDI) is a serious complication of LC and has an incidence of 0.3 to 0.7%. Since it is associated with a significant and potentially lifelong morbidity as well as mortality, diagnosing IBDI as early as possible is of paramount importance. Management of bile duct injuries and prognosis of their surgical repair depend on the timing of its recognition, type and the extent of the injury. In this paper, we present a case of IBDI and attempt to discuss all its dimensions.

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Erratum to: Age and Obesity are Independent Predictors of Bile Duct Injuries in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

World Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00268-015-3022-8 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 1809-1809 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hassan Aziz ◽

Viraj Pandit ◽

Bellal Joseph ◽

Tun Jie ◽

Evan Ong

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Bile Duct ◽

Bile Duct Injuries

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The Prevention of Laparoscopic Bile Duct Injuries: An Analysis of 300 Cases of from a Human Factors and Cognitive Psychology Perspective

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193120705101103 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 617-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lygia Stewart ◽

Lawrence W. Way

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Bile Duct ◽

Human Factors ◽

Bile Duct Injury ◽

Human Error ◽

Perceptual Illusion ◽

Bile Duct Injuries ◽

Psychology Perspective ◽

Cause Of Error ◽

Key Steps

Application of human factors concepts to high-risk activities has facilitated reduction in human error. With introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the incidence of bile duct injury increased. Seeking ideas for prevention, we analyzed 300 laparoscopic bile duct injuries within the framework of human error analysis. The primary cause of error (97%) was a visual perceptual illusion. The laparoscopic environment contributed to 75% of injuries, poor visibility 22%. Most injuries involved deliberate major bile duct transection due to misperception of the anatomy. This illusion was so compelling that the surgeon usually did not recognize it. Even when irregular cues were detected, improper rules were employed, eliminating feedback. Since the complication-causing error occurred at few key steps during laparoscopic cholecystectomy; we instituted focused training to heighten vigilance, and have formulated specific rules to decrease the incidence of bile duct injury. In addition, factors in the laparoscopic environment contributing to this illusion are discussed.

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