Validation of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis in Japan

Background The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) is a practical battery for measuring cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives We aimed to validate a Japanese version of the BICAMS in patients with MS and healthy controls. Methods The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test Revised (BVMTR) were administered to 156 patients with MS and 126 healthy controls (HCs). The BICAMS was re-administered in a subset of 27 MS patients and 30 HCs. Results The mean (±SD) raw scores in the MS and HC groups were as follows: SDMT: MS 47.9 ± 14.0, HC 61.0 ± 9.5; CVLT2: MS 48.6 ± 12.6, HC 55.7 ± 10.5; BVMTR: MS 23.5 ± 8.4, HC 28.3 ± 5.4, respectively, and significant differences were found between the two groups on all tests ( p < 0.0001). Cohen’s d values were 1.07, 0.60, and 0.67 in SDMT, CVLT2, and BVMTR, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficients for each test were as follows: SDMT: r = 0.93; CVLT2: r = 0.82; and BVMTR: r = 0.77 ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions This study provides results that support the reliability and validity of the BICAMS in Japan.

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A validation study for remote testing of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458520937385 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135245852093738

Author(s):

Lisa F Barcellos ◽

Mary Horton ◽

Xiaorong Shao ◽

Kalliope H Bellesis ◽

Terrence Chinn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

California Verbal Learning Test ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Remote Testing ◽

Remote Assessment ◽

Learning Test ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Objectives: Determine the validity and reliability of a remote, technician-guided cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (MS), incorporating the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II). Methods: In 100 patients, we compared conventional in-person testing to remote, web-assisted assessments, and in 36 patients, we assessed test–retest reliability using two equivalent, alternative forms. Results: In-person and remote-administered SDMT ( r = 0.85) and CVLT-II ( r = 0.71) results were very similar. Reliability was adequate and alternative forms of SDMT ( r = 0.92) and CVLT-II ( r = 0.81) produced similar results. Conclusions: Findings indicate remote assessment can provide valid, reliable measures of cognitive function in MS.

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Remote assessment of verbal memory in MS patients using the California Verbal Learning Test

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458517694087 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 354-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lisa F Barcellos ◽

Kalliope H Bellesis ◽

Ling Shen ◽

Xiaorong Shao ◽

Terrence Chinn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Verbal Memory ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

California Verbal Learning Test ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Assessment Protocol ◽

Remote Assessment ◽

Patient Groups ◽

Learning Test

We used the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II), one component of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS), to determine feasibility of a remote assessment protocol. We compared telephone-administered CVLT-II data from MS patients to data acquired in person from an independent sample of patients and healthy controls. Mixed factor analyses of variance (ANOVAs) showed no significant differences between patient groups, but between-group effects comparing patients and healthy controls were significant. In this study, CVLT-II assessment by conventional in-person and remote telephone assessment yielded indistinguishable results. The findings indicate that telephone-administered CVLT-II is feasible. Further validation studies are underway.

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Reliability and validity of Arabic version of the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis: Egyptian dialect

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery ◽

10.1186/s41983-021-00303-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marwa Farghaly ◽

Dawn W. Langdon ◽

Nevin M. Shalaby ◽

Hatem S. Shehata ◽

Noha T. Abokrysha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Arabic Version ◽

Arabic Speaking

Abstract Background Given the diversity of multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms including cognitive impairment in certain domains, the need to develop a rapid and at the same time thorough tool for cognitive assessment is mandatory and represents an unmet need in the clinical and research fields of MS. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) is a good and practical tool to achieve this mission but is not present in the Arabic language for Arabic speaking countries yet. Objectives To assess the reliability and validity of Arabic version of the BICAMS (Egyptian dialect). Methods Ninety Egyptian MS patients and 85 matched healthy controls underwent neuropsychological testing using the BICAMS Arabic version (Egyptian dialect) battery including the Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test 2nd edition (CVLT-II), and revised Brief Visuospatial Retention Test- (BVRT-R). Test–retest data were obtained from MS patients 2 weeks after the initial assessment. Mean differences between both groups were assessed controlling for age, gender, and educational level. Results The MS patients scored significantly lower on the SDMT, CVLT-II, and BVMT-R tests compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). For MS patients’ group, intra-observer (test–retest) reliability was satisfactory for SDMT, CVLT-II total, and BVRT-R total with r values of 0.85, 0.61, and 0.68, respectively. Conclusion BICAMS Arabic version is a reliable and valid tool for cognitive assessment of Arabic speaking MS patients in different clinical and research settings.

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Reliability and validity of the California Verbal Learning Test-II - Japanese version

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences ◽

10.1111/pcn.12525 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 417-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tomiki Sumiyoshi ◽

Atsuhito Toyomaki ◽

Naoko Kawano ◽

Tomoko Kitajima ◽

Ichiro Kusumi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Verbal Learning ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Japanese Version ◽

California Verbal Learning Test ◽

Learning Test

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Validation of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) in the Russian Population

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617721000722 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Evgeniy Evdoshenko ◽

Kristina Laskova ◽

Maria Shumilina ◽

Ekaterina Nekrashevich ◽

Maria Andreeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Russian Population ◽

Cognitive Domain ◽

Control Group ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Valid Instrument ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Objective: Cognitive dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) battery of tests has been suggested as a measure for the evaluation of the cognitive status of MS patients. This study aims to validate the BICAMS battery in the Russian population of MS patients. Methods: Age- and sex-matched MS patients (n = 98) and healthy individuals (n = 86) were included in the study. Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test, 2nd edition (CVLT-II) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised (BVMT-R) were administered to all participants. The battery was readministered 1 month later to 44 MS patients to investigate the test–retest reliability. Results: MS patients exhibited a significantly lower performance in testing with BICAMS than the control group in all three neuropsychological tests. Test–retest reliability was good for SDMT and CVLT-II (r = .82 and r = .85, respectively) and adequate for BVMT-R (r = .70). Based on the proposed criterion for impairment as z score below 1.5 SD the mean of the control group, we found that 34/98 (35%) of MS patients were found impaired at least in one cognitive domain. Patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≥3.5 performed significantly worse than controls (SDMT, p < .0001; CVLT–II, p = .03; BVMT-R, p = .0004), while those with ≤3.0 scores did not. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the BICAMS battery is a valid instrument to identify cognitive impairment in MS patients and it can be recommended for routine use in the Russian Federation.

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California Verbal Learning Test-II--Japanese Version

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t67155-000 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Tomiki Sumiyoshi ◽

Atsuhito Toyomaki ◽

Naoko Kawano ◽

Tomoko Kitajima ◽

Ichiro Kusumi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Verbal Learning ◽

Japanese Version ◽

California Verbal Learning Test ◽

Learning Test

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Validity and Reliability of Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) in Indonesia and the Correlation with Quality of Life

Neurology Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/4290352 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Riwanti Estiasari ◽

Yuhyi Fajrina ◽

Diatri Nari Lastri ◽

Syarli Melani ◽

Kartika Maharani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Cognitive Evaluation ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Introduction. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can affect cognitive function that might interfere with quality of life. Processing speed and memory are the most common area of cognitive impairment. Cognitive evaluation in daily practice is often difficult to be performed since it needs neuropsychological expert and is time-consuming. Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) is valid and practical for cognitive evaluation. This study aims to validate BICAMS in Indonesian MS patients and healthy controls (HC) and to analyse the effect of cognitive impairment on quality of life. Methods. BICAMS, which composes Symbol Digits Modalities Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II), and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Indonesian from the original BICAMS and then administered to 40 Indonesian MS patients and 66 HC matched by sex, age, and education. Test-retest reliability was performed on 16-MS patients and 42 HC. Quality of life was measured using Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQOL-54) instrument. Results. The SDMT, CVLT-II, and BVMT-R score in MS patients were significantly lower than those in HC (effect size, r: 0.61, 0.36, and 0.47, respectively). Test-retest reliability for all tests was satisfactory with correlation coefficient for SDMT, CVLT-II, and BVMT-R in MS subjects 0.86, 0.81, and 0.83, respectively. Using 5th percentile of HC score as cut-off, 15% MS subjects had impairment in one test, 27.5% in two tests, and 40% in three tests. BICAMS was moderately correlated with EDSS but was not correlated with disease duration and relapse rate. SDMT score correlated with physical function and physical and mental role limitation. Conclusion. BICAMS is valid and reliable for assessing cognitive function of Indonesia MS patients.

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Memantine for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458510367662 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 715-723 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

JF Lovera ◽

E. Frohman ◽

TR Brown ◽

D. Bandari ◽

L. Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Free Recall ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Self Report ◽

California Verbal Learning Test ◽

Cognitive Improvement ◽

Learning Test

Background: Memantine, an NMDA antagonist, is effective for moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: Determine whether memantine improves cognitive performance (CP) among subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS) and cognitive impairment (CI). Methods: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00300716) compared memantine 10 mg twice a day (4 week titration followed by 12 weeks on the highest tolerated dose) with placebo. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to exit on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) Long Delay Free Recall (LDFR). Secondary outcomes included additional neuropsychological tests; self-report measures of quality of life, fatigue, and depression; and family/caregiver reports of subjects’ CI and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Results: The differences between the groups on the change on the PASAT (placebo—memantine = 0.0 correct responses, 95% CI 3.4, 3.4; p = 0.9) and on CVLT-II LDFR (placebo—memantine =—0.6 words, 95% CI —2.1, 0.8; p = 0.4) as well as on the other cognitive tests were not significant. Subjects on memantine had no serious adverse events (AEs) but had more fatigue and neurological AEs as well as, per family members’ reports, less cognitive improvement and greater neuropsychiatric symptoms than subjects on placebo. Conclusion: Memantine 10 mg twice a day does not improve CP in subjects with MS, ages 18—65, without major depression, who have subjective cognitive complaints and perform worse than one SD below the mean on the PASAT or on the California Verbal Learning Test-II (total recall or delayed free recall).

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Recommendations for a Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS)

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458511431076 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 891-898 ◽

Cited By ~ 368

Author(s):

DW Langdon ◽

MP Amato ◽

J Boringa ◽

B Brochet ◽

F Foley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

California Verbal Learning Test ◽

Expert Committee ◽

Cultural Groups ◽

Special Equipment ◽

Staff Members ◽

Language Groups ◽

Brief Cognitive Assessment

Background: Cognitive impairment in MS impacts negatively on many patients at all disease stages and in all subtypes. Full clinical cognitive assessment is expensive, requiring expert staff and special equipment. Test versions and normative data are not available for all languages and cultures. Objective: To recommend a brief cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (MS) that is optimized for small centers, with one or few staff members, who may not have neuropsychological training and constructed to maximize international use. Methods: An expert committee of twelve members representing the main cultural groups that have so far contributed considerable data about MS cognitive dysfunction was convened. Following exhaustive literature review, peer-reviewed articles were selected to cover a broad spectrum of cultures and scales that targeted cognitive domains vulnerable to MS. Each was rated by two committee members and candidates scales were rated on psychometric qualities (reliability, validity, and sensitivity), international application, ease of administration, feasibility in the specified context, and acceptability to patients. Results: The committee recommended the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, if only 5 minutes was available, with the addition of the California Verbal Learning Test – Second Edition and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised learning trials if a further 10 minutes could be allocated for testing. Conclusions: A brief cognitive assessment for MS has been recommended. A validation protocol has been prepared for language groups and validation studies have commenced.

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